distribution system constrained v2g services for improved ... · 05.12.2017 · • transformer net...

© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sunil Chhaya, PhD – Technical Executive, EPRI – Principal Investigator

George Bellino, CFCI; Michael Bourton, Kitu

Richard Scholer – Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

CEC Fourth Annual California Multi-Agency Update on Vehicle-Grid Integration Research

12/05/2017

Distribution System Constrained V2G Services for Improved Grid Stability and

Reliability

2 © 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Why Vehicle to Grid?

On CPUC VGI Roadmap • Reverse Power Flow applications are natural extension of unidirectional power flow… • …but require additional cost, complexity and technology on and around the vehicle

Provides additional value to the grid from on-vehicle storage • What is that value? What impacts it? How to assess it?

Technology and Standards only now emerging • Interconnection of a mobile resource is a challenge. SAE standards intend to address this, but have not been

verified • New sources of value on the distribution system side must be technically feasible and measurable… and

constrained by the nearest distribution transformer capacity

Installed base of PEVs increasing – about 375,000+ in California alone by one estimate • Even if 5kWh per EV is available for grid services, that is 1.8 GigaWatt-hours or at average 1kW per EV, that

is 375 MW of available storage (1kW per EV is approx net load addition to the grid on average) • Can the technology be scaled? Is it secure? Is it the lowest cost possible or does it have a path to cost

reduction? Does it have a path to productionization?


Research Gaps and Project Objectives

Research Gaps

What distribution level barriers might prevent PEVs from maximizing valuable ISO grid level benefits?

What additional local and reliability values can be derived from V2G capabilities with distribution system awareness?

Can these additional benefits be quantified and monetized to support cost-effective deployment of V2G?

Project Objectives

Open Standards based V2G System: J3072, J2847/3, J2847/1, IEEE2030.5, J2931/1, J2931/4

Grid Services constrained by distribution system – Transformer and Feeder level

Test protocols and methods to assess Measurement and Verification of utility program compliance

Performance evaluation of the V2G system Identify gaps with compliance to Rule 21

requirements Assess costs and benefits of the V2G services to

the ratepayers, as well as recommend approaches to enable V2G services adoption.


Use Cases Being Implemented

• Verify open standards implementation: IEEE 2030.5, J2931 (PLC), J2847/3 and J3072 Function • Feed back the results to SAE • Industry First Implementation on a production PHEV and a production EVSE

Foundational PEV/EVSE Communications

• Departure Time and Full Recharge Assurance for each PEV • Required Energy for full recharge • Transformer Capacity Constraint • Demand Charge Constraint

Dynamic Load Management for Charging and Demand Charge Mitigation

• Transformer net loading-constrained PEV charging optimization – flatten the ‘Duck’ belly • Transformer net loading-constrained PEV discharging (or reduced charging) – flatten the ‘Duck’ neck

Dynamic Load Management for local PV balancing

• Responding to Distribution System Commands (simulated commands, actual response) – for locational DR and PV balancing

Distribution Services using Smart Inverter Functions facilitated by AC V2G on-board inverter


System Architecture

IEEE 2030.5 J1772

J2931/4 J3072

J2847/3 J2931/1

IEEE 2030.5 Client / J3072 client / J2931-1 (PLC)

• Transition between Current and Voltage Control Mode

• Responsive to utility / transformer signals

Chrysler Pacifica Van PHEV

Honda Accord PHEV

NRG CEC Program Collaboration

On-Vehicle V2G Capable PEVs

IEEE 2030.5 Server/Client Energy Management Algorithms

Transformer Monitoring / Metering – V/I/P/T/PF

ISO Simulated Ancillary

Services Signals

DSO Simulated DRMS

Signals

Embedded Simulation S/W

Transformer Monitor / Controller & Gateway

TMS

IoTecha/Expansion Board 5V Power Supply

EVSE RS Control Board

Wifi Board


FCA Pacifica Van PHEV (MY2018) One engineering vehicle (at FCA) and four vehicles to be deployed to EPRI.

1. V2G OBCM is being fitted to the engineering vehicle - AC charging expected mid August

– Existing OBCM replaced by CW unit - vehicle level s/w being modified accordingly)

2. AC DER: SEP2 Function sets finalized - functional s/w expected Sept, 2017. – Testing with AC EVSE (at FCA) will be concurrent. – Deployed vehicles will be updated to match engineering vehicle and

provided to EPRI 4Q 2017.

3. DC DER: Uses SAE DC Charging standards and adds messages being developed for Reverse Power Flow.

– Testing with SPIN unit (at FCA) is concurrent with vehicle s/w completion. – Engineering vehicle update starting 3Q 2017 and deployed vehicles

update to add DC charging/discharging based on availability, then returned to EPRI (2018).

Vehicles when completed will be capable of both AC or DC DER (V2G).

Pacifica PHEV

Pacifica PHEV Battery Pack


V2G Communications Functional EVSE

Dual L2 AV EVSE UL-Certified

IoTecha/Expansion Board 5V Power Supply

EVSE RS Control Board IoTecha Board contains the J3072 and IEEE 2030.5 software and connects to EVSE RS Control Board through UART (serial port). Pilot signal is generated by the EVSE RS Control Board. PLC signal is injected onto the pilot wire on the Expansion Board. The Pilot to the output cable to the EV Is connected to the Expansion Board.


Transformer Management System (TMS) Elements

Transformer Power Measurement Unit (TPMU) • Measures Voltage, Current and Phase • RS485 Communications Interface to the TC

Transformer Controller (TC)

• Linux based open Router Platform • RS485 Communications Interface to the TPMU • Communications to each EVSE(s) and PEV (s)

via HomePlug AV Adaptor • Performs Energy Management Algorithm

Secure Neighborhood Area Network through HomePlug AV (IEEE1901) • Ethernet connected to the Transformer Controller • Secure IPv6 to all Gateways via the premise drop

TMS Enclosure NEMA 3R Outdoor Mounted to L2 Charging

Island 30KVA Transformer


UCSD P730 Demonstration Site

Installation location with 15KW Transformer • Two AV V2G Software

Compatible Level 2 EVSE Adjacent PV Array • Integrated to Assess Effects of solar with V2G


V2G Standards Implementation


Duck Curve Modification - Case A - 3 Vehicle Schedules

Conditions: • Varying Arrival Times • Smooth PV Supply • Available House Load • Variable Departure Times • Charging scheduled with

TMS algorithm

Notes: • Consume PV for charging,

reducing belly of Duck curve from -21 kW to -10 kW


Applicability of Existing Standards The project intends to validate maturity of SAE J3072 for V2G and assess value of distribution

and ISO grid services using actual experimental data aided by analytics Using IEEE 2030.5 as the foundation, J3072-equipped V2G capable vehicles are capable of

*all* of the Smart Inverter functions today SAE J3072-based V2G capability inherently includes V1G (smart charging) functions and use

cases per J2836/1 and J2847/1 as J3072 is an extension of J2847/1 and both are based on IEEE 2030.5. Also, compliance with J2931 assures Association for M&V

IEEE 2030.5 foundation at the vehicle level assures compliance to NISTIR 7628 end to end cybersecurity design requirements, and is therefore included in the NIST Catalog of Standards as a recognized US Smart Grid standard

CPUC Rule 21 specifies IEEE 2030.5 as the IOU standard for DER dispatch and smart inverter communications. SAE J3072 enables V2G capable vehicles to be also considered as unit or aggregated DER dispatchable resource, and allows them to be procured as a part of storage mandate, opening up a new value stream

SAE J3072 is currently being harmonized with UL1741 to ensure it is compliant with utility interconnection requirements

IEEE 2030.5, SAE J2847 and SAE J3072 provide solid technical basis, today, for

implementing VGI communications for SB350 PEV infrastructure

distribution system constrained v2g services for improved ... · 05.12.2017 · • transformer net...

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