distributed control and smart grids antonio de paola supervisors: dr. david angeli / prof. goran...

Distributed control and Smart Grids

Antonio De Paola

Supervisors: Dr. David Angeli / Prof. Goran Strbac

Imperial College London

UKACC PhD Presentation Showcase

UKACC PhD Presentation Showcase Slide 2

Introduction Significant changes in power systems:

Increasing penetration of renewable energies Growth of loads such as electric vehicles Increasing participation of customers in system operations

The structure of the network will change Greater integration and communication between different agents

will be required

Application of different distributed control techniques to different elements of the power system (e.g. wind turbines, storage)


Distributed Frequency control (1) Contribution of wind turbines to frequency control of the network

Turbines dynamically adapt generated power in response to frequency fluctuations

We consider a distributed solution, without any communication infrastructure

STOCHASTIC HYBRID

AUTOMATONDifferent dynamics

Propensity function

• Single turbine switches randomly

• Large populations perform deterministically


Distributed Frequency control (2)

Proposed control law:

MAIN RESULTS: Local stability (Linearization around equilibrium point + Hurwitz Criterion) Good robustness and disturbance rejection Analysis of the system in case of noisy measurement of frequency

FUTURE WORK: Utilization of more realistic models

Solve modelling issues + preserving stability and disturbance rejection properties

n

n

ff

fff

11

0)(

n

n

ff

fff

22

0)(

0, 21

Kolmogorov forward equation (PDE)

Low-order momenta Nonlinear ODEs

Model of the network

Closed-loop system


Scheduling of wind turbines (1)

Power in normal operative conditions

Extra power after a fault

Wind turbines can provide frequency response by slowing down and releasing kinetic energy

It is possible to distribute the control effort among the turbines in order to maximize performances (e. g. duration and size of support)

Two different approaches have been followed, with different constraints on the applied electric torque


Scheduling of wind turbines (2)

Two-modes scheduling:

The total power can

be shaped by

properly setting

parameters ρ(t) and

T(t)

Optimal inertial response A finite number of turbine is considered We aim at maximizing the time for which an

extra quantity of power can be generated Application of optimal control techniques,

considering the generated power of each turbine as control input

NETHR

NEG

NE 0


Conclusions and future work

A distributed approach has been applied to the frequency control of the power system

Current results will be extended to more realistic models of the turbines and the network

The role of distributed storage in the electricity market will be investigated, focusing on the policies that maximize economic pay-off and their influence on the energy prize

THANK YOU


distributed control and smart grids antonio de paola supervisors: dr. david angeli / prof. goran...

Documents