Distance SensorsDistance Sensors

Team: The Technicians

Applied Robotic

SensorSensor A sensor is a device capable of transforming

physical and chemical magnitudes in electrical magnitudes.

The physical and chemical magnitudes to transform depend on the type of sensor.

Examples of magnitudes: tempeture, light intensity, distance, aceleration, inclination, displacement, force, twist, preassure, dampness, pH, etc.

Sensores de distanciaSensores de distancia

Distance sensors

Short distancesLong distances

Radar

Ultrasonic

Long distance laser

By cable

Magnetoresistive

LVDT

Triangulation Laser

Profile scanner laser

Potentiometer

Magnetoestrictive

Digital

RadarRadar It Creates an electromagnetic field. It detects the echo of its transmision. It makes use of the doppler efect. The new technologies use light . Distance of more than 100 m, even more

than 10 Km.

RadarRadar They work using two technics◦ Echo◦ Doppler Efect

RadarRadar The first experiments used sound

(ultrasound). Nowadays electromagnetic waves and

light or laser are used. The wave frecuency takes an important

roll in the radar applications.

ApplicationsApplications Air traffic control. Car detection. Medicine field.

ApplicationsApplications

UltrasonicUltrasonic Maximum 100m distance.

It emmits an ultrasonic signal which is reflected on the surface and is reflected again on the telemeter. The telemeter receives the echo.

Triangulation LaserTriangulation Laser Triangulation laser projects a light beam over

the surface that we want to measure, this light beam is reflected on the device photodetector with a certain inclination angle, which will change in function of the measured distance.

Triangulation LaserTriangulation Laser Used to measure short distances.

Range: 2mm to 500mm.

Long Distance LaserLong Distance Laser The laser sends a light beam with

different frequencies and it compares the reflected signal on the measured object with the intern reference value.

Long Distance LaserLong Distance Laser I mm resolution.

Up to 30m without reflector.

Up to 100m with reflector.

Profile Scaner LaserProfile Scaner Laser Based on the triangulation laser principle

of functionality, but projecting a transversal light beam instead of punctual, which let us obtain the profile where the light beam is being reflected.

Profile Scanner LaserProfile Scanner Laser The output signal is punctual by

coordinates (X, Y) and they are transmitted in an analog or digital way.

Range: From 5 to 1200 mm on the Z axis, and from 8 to 600 mm on the X axis.

Resolution: 30µm.

Potentiometer SensorPotentiometer Sensor The measure is obtained by the

displacement of a cursor over a resistive plastic track which gives a proportional value depending on the cursor location.

Advantage: Low cost. Disadvantage: Sensitive to tempeture

changes and easily affected by humid environments.

ApplicationsApplications Distance and positioning measure of

different industries machinery (wood, ceramic, marble, etc.) where there are short distances and the industry is looking for simple automatization.

Range: From 25 mm to 950 mm.

By Cable.By Cable. They transform a lineal movement in an angular

movement. The angular movement is gathered by a

potentiometer to obtain analog outputs or with the use of an encoder to obtain digital outputs.

By CableBy Cable Mechanic parts:◦ Cable.◦ Wharf.◦ Drum.

It composes a great precision and repeatability mechanics.

Range: Form 50 mm to 60 m.

MagnetoestrictiveMagnetoestrictive It emmits pulses along the profile, this

pulses are modified by the magnet´s magnetic field, which will determinate the position.

The electronic measures the time difference between the pulses´ emision and reception and converts it on distance with high resolution.

MagnetoestrictiveMagnetoestrictive Range: From 150 mm to 5.75 m. Great precision (1µm). Dirt resistant.

MagnetoresistiveMagnetoresistive They allow us to have a linear encoder,

with the advantage of counting with a magnetic tape of 30m long in one piece.

The system has two parts, la magnetic tape and the compress which allow us to have a measure with contact but without rubbing because the compress moves a distance of one or two milimeters from the tape.

MagnetoresistiveMagnetoresistive Available in different resolutions and

formats, all with a high read velocity.

Range: Up to 30 m with only one tape.

Linear Encoders / DigitalLinear Encoders / Digital The measure is made optically over a

crystal track. The assembly is quite simple. Range: From 60m to 990mm.

LVDT / InductivesLVDT / Inductives The displacement is obtained by means of the

lack of coordination between the primary and secundary wound.

It doesn´t suffer wear. Range: From 0.25mm to 300mm.

VideosVideos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpAFJEp

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKc0lKJhf9c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDTETijL4T8

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