Nursing Distance Nursing Distance EducationEducation

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Nursing Distance EducationNursing Distance Education

Is distance learning appropriate for nursing education?

Can it produce nurses competent in the social, behavioral, and clinical skills needed for humanistic, practice-oriented discipline of nursing?

DefinitionDistance learning or education or e learning is a mode of imparting education and instructions often to an individual basis to a student who are not physically present in the class

Nursing Distance EducationNursing Distance EducationDistance Education (DE), also known as

distributed learning, uses a wide range of computing and communications technologies to provide learning opportunities beyond the time and place constraints of traditional classroom. (The CSU Center for Distributed Learning, 2004).

DE, by its nature, draws in students who wouldn’t otherwise be able to pursue course work because of lack of access to a campus or because work, family, or economic considerations preclude full time, on-site education. (AACN, 2000).

Online DE also meets the needs of students who prefer more independence in their learning. (Leasure, Davis, & Thievon, 2000)

Access to Contemporary Access to Contemporary Forms of Distance LearningForms of Distance Learning

A variety of methods are used for distance learning:1.Internet-enabled2.Web-based3.Computer-mediated4.Online5.Synchronous6.Asynchronous

The difference among these terms have to do with the amount the computer is required to complete the course requirements.

Why Distance Education In Why Distance Education In Nursing?Nursing?

Nurses have many different motivations for attaining or furthering their education using DE modalities.

Nurses identified traveling long distances to campus-based courses as a major barrier to further education, in addition to geographical barriers, work, and family obligations. (White, Roberts, & Brannan, 2003 ).

Today’s nurses need increased education and training to deliver complex patients care.,

Distance technology makes it cost effective to run smaller, more specialized classes which enhance the quality of learning.

Why Distance Education In Why Distance Education In Nursing?Nursing?

Fortunately, the advent of technology has expanded the capacity of educational institutions to reach far beyond their geographical areas.

Educators point out that DE courses may fight ‘’ brain drain’’ from rural communities because adult students who learn within their communities are more likely to practice there, and working nurses taking distance education courses can continue to serve their patients while continuing their education (AACN, 2000 )

The financial burden of an education in nursing is also prohibitive to many students, particularly minorities. Although distance education is likely no cheaper in terms of tuitions than on-campus courses, it allow learners greater flexibility in terms of maintaining jobs (income) while going to school, and reducing travel time. (AACN, 1999).

Why Distance Education In Why Distance Education In Nursing?Nursing?Compensation by employers and

increased funding by private and governmental agencies for education, including distance education, encourages people to enter nursing and to continue their nursing education.

The increase use of technology in education may increase access and ultimately lower the cost of education. (AACN, 1999).

Scope Of Distance Education Scope Of Distance Education In NursingIn NursingOnline degree programs in nursing have

multiplied rapidly in recent years. In a 1998 survey conducted by AACN, 51% on

nursing schools reported they were engaged in some from of DE.

BSN, MSN, and MSN in many advanced practice majors are available online today

Numerous online doctoral programs also exist, including complete or partial (PhD) programs at respected universities.

Students Needs in Distance Students Needs in Distance EducationEducation I DE students frequently need clarification regarding

how they are to engage with the instructors, the material, and one another.

Unlike the traditional classrooms where a student often has a choice of whether to participate in a discussion,

For this reason, online education needs to be learner-centered and learner-focused. (Palloff & Pratt, 2003).

Even so, it does not mean that all students will be satisfied with their distance education experience. Some students report dissatisfaction with online courses because of the technology in use, course content, and communication. (Hara & King, 2000).

How Can Quality In Distance Education Be Assured?

Seven principles of best practice and corresponding lessons for online education:

1. Good practice encourages students-faculty contact.2. Good practice encourages cooperation among students.3. Good practice encourages use of active learning

techniques.4. Good practice gives prompt feedback.5. Good practice emphasizes time on task.6. Good practice communicates high expectations.7. Good practice respects diverse talents and ways of

learning. (Graham, Kursat, Byung-Ro, Craner, & Duffy, 2001)

Standards for Distance Education Nursing Programs

1. Student outcomes are consistent with the stated mission, goals, and objectives of the program.

2. The institution assumes the responsibility for establishing a means to assess student outcomes.

3. Mechanisms for ongoing faculty development and involvement in the area of distance learning and the use of technology in the teaching-learning process are established.

4. Appropriate technical support for faculty and students is provided.

5. Learning opportunities are provided that facilitate development of student clinical competence and professional socialization.

6. Available resources are provided for the students successful attainment of all program objectives.

7. Each accreditation and program review entity incorporate the review of distance education programs as a component of site visitor/evaluator training.

(AACN,2002)

Five Components for Evaluation of Web-based Courses

1.Text with syllabi: weekly agenda; classes developed with PowerPoint, reading assignments.

2.Live chat sessions (synchronous).3.Post-discussion questions (asynchronous).

4.Online testing and grade book.5.Broadcast emailing.

(NCSBN, 2003)

Nursing courses in distance educationBsc nursingMsc nursingPhd in nursingSpeciality in nursing

Advantages of distance education in nursing

Attending class from remote locationsFulfilling personal responsibilityExperience of diversityLearning at your finger tipLearning at your own pace

DisadvantagesTechnological supportTransmission delaySeriousness of education may lostActive participation is neededClinical skills and communication may or may not attain

ReferencesReferences Chitty K. & Black B. (2007). Professional Nursing:

Concepts & challenges, 5th edition, Saunders, USA. Cherry, B. & Jacob, S. (2008). Contemporary

nursing. (4th ed.). St Louis: Mosby Elsevier. O'Neil, C. Fisher, C. & Newbold, S. (2009).

Developing Online Learning Environments in Nursing Education. (2nd ed.). Springer Publishing Company, LLC. New York.

Reiners, G. ( 2005 ). Nursing Distance Education. A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of Administration and Leadership of Distance Education Programs. Capella University.

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