diseases of pahyrinx and esophagus in farm animals by ali sadiek
DESCRIPTION
Causes, pathogenesis, pharyngitis, pharyngeal obstruction, pharyngeal paralysis, esophagitis, esophgeal obstruction choke in farm animals by Ali sadiekTRANSCRIPT
11Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek
Diseases of Digestive SystemDiseases of Digestive System
ByByDr. Ali H. Dr. Ali H. SadiekSadiek
Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Diagnosis
Dept. of Animal MedicineDept. of Animal MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
AssiutAssiut UniversityUniversity-- AssiutAssiut, EGYPT, EGYPT
EE--mail: [email protected]: [email protected]
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PharyngitisPharyngitisCauses:• Traumatic: Sharp Foreign bodies, awns,
bones, nails, etc.• Physical: Irritant chemicals, Hot or cold
substances• Biological: Secondary to other diseases
Strangles in horses, Oral necrobacillosis of calves. Actinobacillosis of cattle & horsespharyngeal anthrax in dog and horses.
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Pharyngitis characterized clinically by:
Anorexia and painful swelling Cough esp. with pharyngeal manipulationRegurgitation of food and extended head.Excessive salivation and nasal discharge.Swelling of regional lymph nodes.Fever and toxemia may noted in phlegmon
and neecrobacillosis.
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Strangles (Strangles (EqEq. distemper. distemper
Swelled pharynxSwelled pharynx
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DiagnosisDiagnosis• History of Acute onset and local pain• External and internal palpation• Internal exam. by mouth speculum or
pharyngeoscope
Bacterial Bacterial pharyngitispharyngitis Follicular Follicular pharyngitispharyngitis
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TreatmentTreatment1. Removal of f. bodies by holder or by hand2. Oral antiseptic (Gent. Violet. Silver
nitrate)3. Drugs mixed with syrup for horses
Or given as lectiures or inhalation as:Creoline & Turp. Oil 150 gm/ Gallon waterExpectorant, anti-inflammatory and/or Antibiotics.
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Central Inhalation therapy
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Pharyngeal obstructionPharyngeal obstruction
Causes:T.B, Swelling of retroph. L. nodes.F. Bodies as nails, wires, plasticwares etc.
It Charactreized Clinically by:Snoring respiration and Cough.Painful swelling.Dysphagia & Regurgitation of food.Loss of appetite.Excessive salivation.
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Foreign bodiesForeign bodies
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Pharyngeal obstructionPharyngeal obstruction
Diagnosis:History of acute onset.Specific signs differ. Vs pharyn. Paralysis
Treatment:Removal of f. bodies.Anti-inflammat., antibiotics, anti septics.
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Pharyngeal paralysisPharyngeal paralysisIt may be the result of :1-Central or peripheral nervous disorder:- Rabies - CNS intoxication, lead poisoning, - Cranial trauma, - Intracranial abscessation, - Tumor formation2- Severe local disease that may cause
collapse, obstruction, or malfunction of the pharynx.
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Pharyngeal paralysisPharyngeal paralysis3- Peripheral Causes :
Pharyngeal trauma: Disease of the auditory tube diverticula(guttural pouches) in horses. One-sided lesions (eg, guttural pouch disease) may result in partial pharyngeal malfunction, and the horse may well be able to swallow.
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--Signs of Pharyngeal paralysisSigns of Pharyngeal paralysis
Profound dysphagia with oral and nasal return of food and saliva. Pharyngeal collapse may occurs resulting in respiratory obstruction.Inhalation pneumonia, dehydration, circulatory and respiratory collapse may be the sequence. Fever, cough, retch, and choke are common.Pharyngeal paralysis may result in death.
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--Diagnosis of Pharyngeal paralysisDiagnosis of Pharyngeal paralysis• History and clinical signs are usually
enough to indicate pharyngeal malfunction
• Serology, radiology, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and MRI, as well as endoscopy are valuable to determine whether it is central or peripheral.
• Rabies must be ruled out.
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(left) and CT (Right)(left) and CT (Right)SonographySonography
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Video Video endoscopyendoscopy
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Fistula created between the two guttural pouches Fistula created between the two guttural pouches of a foal affected by guttural pouch of a foal affected by guttural pouch tympanytympany
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TreatmentTreatment--Pharyngeal paralysisPharyngeal paralysis• The prognosis is mostly poor, and the welfare of
the animal should be considered in management of this condition.
• local therapy (including draining the pharyngeal abscesses),
• Control the complications of inhalation pneumonia,
• intubation in small animals, and, Rumenotomyand/or esophagotomy and esophageal feedingmay be essential in large animals,
• Evaluating hemoconcentration, electrolyte depletion, etc, aid in monitoring and evaluating therapeutic regimens.
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Esophageal paralysisEsophageal paralysis
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-+++
-++
+-
Ph. Paraly.
+-L.Ns-+Snoring
+ +Painfullswelling
+++++Salivation
++Regurig.
++Inab. To swallow
++Cough
PharyngitisPh. Obst.Signs
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EsophagitisEsophagitis
Characterized by:• Esophogeal spasm and obstruction.• Pain on swallowing and palpation.• Regurig. of bloody stained slimy materials.
Causes:• Swallowing of chemicals and irrit. subst.• Lacerations of esoph. wall by F. bodies.• Assoc. some viral and bacterial disease.
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SignsSigns of of EsophagitisEsophagitis Salivation, swallowing trial with pain.Regurig. of food mixed with blood and mucous.Cough with vigorous mov. of neck and abdominal muscles.Pain on palp. of lower cervical esophagusOn esoph. perforat.: Inflamm. Swelling crepitus and phlegmonus infl., or fatal pleurisy.
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EsophagitisEsophagitis
Herpes infection esophagusHerpes infection esophagus
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EsophagitisEsophagitis • Diagnosis: • Similar to pharyngitis but attempt to
swallow is not severe in pharyngitis.• Local palpation may recognize lesion.• Treatment• Parentral feeding should be prompted• Parentral antibiotic, anti-inflammatory• If animal can swallow: give it a mix. of
antibiotic & astringents on form of electuaries.
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Acute esophageal obstruction ChokeAcute esophageal obstruction Choke
Charct. By:• Inabil. to swallow.• Regurig. of food and water. • Bloat in ruminants.Causes of Acute esoph. Obstruction• In dogs: Feeding of bones or other f. objects on
playing.• In Cattle: ingestion of solid objects (Turnips,
potatoes, comb of maize, upper parts of sugar cane. Apple, Orange, leather, plastics etc.
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Causes of acute Causes of acute esophesoph. obstruction:. obstruction:
In Horses:• Incompl. mast. & salivated. Food.• While dosing with gelatin capsules.• Pressure on cardia by tumors.Causes of Chronic esoph. obstruction:• Stenosis after esohagitis.• Pressure from the outside: T.B, Tumors, etc.• Persistent right aortic arch in neonates.
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Clinical picture of Acute esophageal obstruction:Clinical picture of Acute esophageal obstruction:
In Cattle:• Obst. occur at cervical or thoracic Inlets• Stop eating and shows anxiety and restless.• Forcible attempts to swallow.• Salivation- coughing contin. chewing mov.• Contin. forcible ruminal motility.• Rapid onset of bloat.• Passage of st. tubes is impossible.• Acute signs may subsides gradually due to
relaxation of esoph. spasm but tympanypersists.
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Clinical picture of acute Clinical picture of acute obstobst.:.:In Horses:• Acute obstr. usually in the terminal
thoracic esophagus.• Signs are similar to cattle but more
violent.Sequellae:• It may pass spontaneously or persist for
few days.• Persist. obst. cause pressure necrosis.
and perforation, stenosis
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Clinical picture of chronic Clinical picture of chronic obstobst.:.:
Absence of acute signs.Chronic persistant bloat.Ruminal motility begins to subside.Pronounced swelling at the base of the neck may appear.Death may occur as a result of drenching pneumonia/ or dehydration.
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Diagnosis of Diagnosis of esophesoph. . obstobst..
History: Acute onset of signsClinical picture is sufficient.Passage of stomach tube.X- rays may be helpful
Illuminated mouth speculum and Endosdcopy.
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Diagnosis of Diagnosis of esophesoph. . ObstObst..
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Esophageal obstructionEsophageal obstruction
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EsophagEsophag. . diverticulumdiverticulum
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TreatmentTreatmentAnalgesics (atropin sulfate & belladonna).Pass St. tube to locate f. body & pushing it.
In Cattle: Trocer & canula is necessary in sever bloatUse large forcipes and mouth specul. to catch f. bodies.Treat. tympany with anti-fermentive. Esophagotomy may be necessary to remove obstruction
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TreatmentTreatmentIn horses:
It is difficult to remove f. body from the lower esophagus. Adminster belladona extract to anlagise the horse, then introduce warm saline via stomach tube and siphoned it again several time to loose the obstruction.
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TreatmentTreatmentIn palpable obst. In the neck region, - Vigorous squeezing from exterior
may brake it up and help in its removal.
- Esophagotomy may be necessary - Treat. of chronic obstruction is
usually unsuccessful
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ComplicationsComplications
Suffocation, asphyxia and death.Perforation of esoph. & develop. of subcutaneous emphysema.Esophageal paralysis and necrosis.Death due to drenching pneumonia (passage of saliva and food into lungs).Severe tympany.