Discussion QuestionsChapter 16

Part I

Question 1

Before Hutton, it was widely assumed that the features of the Earth's surface were:

A. always there B. formed by a single, catastrophic

event C. underwent gradual change over

time D. A and B

Question 2

Hutton observed that rocks, rock structures and features of the earth are all related. This relationship is called:

A. history B. principle of uniformity C. principles of geology D. philosophy

Question 3

The principle of uniformity has a basic frame of reference. This frame of reference is

A. plate tectonics. B. continental drift. C. changes and deformations of

rocks today and in the past. D. compressive strain.

Question 4

You observe a hill that has been cut-through by a road. The rock layers display a curving shape. What has likely happened to the rock mass?

A. normal faulting B. reverse faulting C. folding D. vulcanism

Question 5

How a rock responds to stress and strain does NOT depend on

A. nature of the rock. B. temperature of the rock. C. pressure on the rock. D. mass of the rock.

Question 6

In an anticline, the youngest rocks are found:

A. at the top of the fold B. in the middle of the fold C. along the stress fracture D. at the bottom of the fold

Question 7

Rocks near or on the surface are NOT

A. cooler than those below the surface.

B. hotter that those below the surface.

C. are less brittle. D. are under more pressure.

Question 8

The San Andreas fault is a good example of a

A. normal fault. B. reverse fault. C. thrust fault. D. none of these.

Question 9

Which is NOT a type of fault? A. normal B. reverse C. thrust D. forward

Question 10

The epicenter is located by A. measuring how long the

earthquake lasts. B. measuring the time difference

between P and S waves. C. using time data from several

seismographs to triangulate the location.

D. B and C.

Question 11

During an earthquake, you should NOT

A. run outdoors if you are indoors. B. stop your car. C. move away from power lines. D. move away from windows.

Question 12

An earthquake is A. the result of the sudden release

of energy that comes from stress on rock.

B. ground displacement and motion.

C. the cause of tsunamis. D. all of the above.

Question 13

The Black Hills in South Dakota and the Adirondack Mountains in New York are

A. arched mountains. B. domed mountains. C. volcanic mountains. D. compressed mountains.

Question 14 The Appalachian Mountains were

formed when A. North American split from South

America. B. North America collided with Europe

and Africa. C. North America collided with South

America. D. North America split from Europe and

Africa.

Question 15

Mountains that were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions are

A. Alps. B. Cascades. C. Rockies. D. Appalachians.

Question 16 The source of magma for Mount St.

Helens volcano is A. Cascade Mountains. B. subduction of the continental

lithosphere under the Juan de Fuca plate.

C. subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate under the continental lithosphere.

D. continental lithosphere to Juan de Fuca plate divergence.

Question 17

In which region of the USA, would one expect to find prominent folded mountains?

A. Pacific Northwestern, as in Oregon

B. Eastern, as in Pennsylvania C. Midwestern, as in Iowa D. Southern, as in Alabama

Question 18

Crushing of rock at a quarry to make smaller sized gravel is an example of

A. physical weathering. B. chemical weathering. C. mechanical weathering. D. reduction weathering.

Question 19

Fragments of rocks fall into a mountain stream and are carried into the valley. This is an example of

A. weathering. B. erosion. C. mass movement. D. B and C

Question 20

Tree roots grow and expand, and eventually break though a sidewalk. This is an example of:

A. corrosion. B. erosion. C. wedging. D. disintegration.

Part II

Question 1

The premise that the present is key to understanding the past is called:

A. history B. principle of uniformity C. principles of geology D. philosophy

Question 2

The process of deformation that changes the earth's surface is called

A. continental drift. B. plate tectonics. C. diastrophism. D. volcanism.

Question 3

Diastrophism, the process of deformation that changes the earth's surface is responsible for

A. plateaus. B. mountains. C. both A and B. D. none of the above.

Question 4

A force that compresses, pulls apart or deforms a rock is called

A. stress. B. strain. C. pressure. D. tension.

Question 5

The force that does NOT cause rock stress is:

A. compressive B. tensional C. shear D. transform

Question 6

Rock stress caused by two plates moving together is

A. compressive stress. B. tensional stress. C. shear stress. D. transform stress.

Question 7

Adjustment to stress is defined as A. release. B. strain. C. pressure. D. relief.

Question 8

Rocks at great depths are under A. lower temperature and higher

pressure. B. higher temperature and higher

pressure. C. higher temperature and lower

pressure. D. lower temperature and lower

pressure.

Question 9

A bend in layered bedrock which resulted from stress is called

A. fracture. B. fold. C. fault. D. twist.

Question 10

Folds that resemble an arch are called

A. inverted basins. B. clines. C. anticlines. D. synclines.

Question 11

A fold that forms a trough is called A. syncline. B. basin. C. inverted arch. D. semicline.

Question 12

Movement between rocks on one side of a fracture relative to the rocks on the other side of the fracture is called a

A. fracture. B. transformation. C. fault. D. displacement.

Question 13

The actual place where seismic waves originate is called the _________ of the earthquake.

A. epicenter B. focus C. root D. source

Question 14

The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is called the

A. fault line. B. epicenter. C. source. D. quake starting point.

Question 15

An earthquake that occurs in the upper part of the mantle is called

A. shallow focus. B. deep focus. C. lithosphere focus. D. intermediate focus.

Question 16

The size of an earthquake is measured by

A. how many buildings are damaged.

B. amount of energy released at the focus.

C. the height of the tsunami it generated.

D. time of the earthquake.

Question 17

The energy of the vibrations or the magnitude of an earthquake is reported using the

A. seismograph scale. B. Richter scale. C. magnitude scale. D. Mercalli Scale.

Question 18

Earthquakes are detected and measured by a

A. seismometer. B. Geiger counter. C. Doppler radar. D. oil well monitors.

Question 19

Elevated parts of the Earth's crust that rise above the surrounding surface are called:

A. ridges B. hills C. plateaus D. mountains

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a classification of mountain origin?

A. folding B. faulting C. parallel D. volcanic

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C

5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D

9. D 10. D 11. A 12. D

13. B 14. B 15. B 16. C

17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C

Answers for Part I

1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A

5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B

9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C

13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B

17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C

Answers for Part II