discursive writing
TRANSCRIPT
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to discuss the good and bad points of somethingto express your views on a particular subject
1. Giving reasons2. Making suggestions3. Giving
recommendations
DIS
CURS
IVE
WRI
TIN
G(f
or a
nd a
gain
st)
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ORGANIZATION
You have only 120-180 words in which to write your answer, so you will need 4 paragraphs:
An introduction which sets the subject of discussion
Two paragraphs in which you give your ideas
A conclusion which in some way “summarises” what you’ve said or restates your main feeling, opinion, etc.
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First and last paragraphs
Both are very important
The first paragraph should give a good first impression (or even a surprising one) and make the reader want to go on.
The last paragraph should leave the reader with a clear idea of what your conclusions are. It should feel as if you have tied all the ends togehter neatly, not just stopped because you’ve written enough.
• Use a word or phrase at the beginning to tell the reader this is the end.
• Summarize the main points.• Relate back to the original question.
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STYLEAn essay that asks for your ideas fairly neutral
neither too formal
nor too informalSO
• Don’t use conversational language, eg. direct speech.• Use connecting words and phrases to link your ideas
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Discursive words and phrasesA First, Firstly, First of all,
To start with, To begin with,
B Second(ly), Third(ly), Moreover,Furthermore, In addition, What is more,Apart from that, also
C Finally, Lastly,
D Not only … but also
E On the one hand … on the other hand
F For this reason, Because of this, As a result,Therefore, Thus,
G However, but althoughthough Even though In spite ofdespite nevertheless
H for example for instance such aslike
I In my opinion As I see it To my mindI believe (that)
J Some people believe (that)
According to
It is said (that)
K To conclude, In conclusion To sum up,In summary,
1.Expressing contrast
2. Introducing a further point in a list of points3. Expressing results
4. Presenting two opposing points of view
5. Introducing a final point in a list of points
6. Expressing someone else’s opinion
7. Introducing the first point in a list of points
8. Introducing a conclusion
9. Expressing your opinion
10. Giving examples
11. Presenting two (disa)dvantages together
Match the labels on the left to the expressions in the table.
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Important things
Remember who you are writing for (fellow students, your teacher, the local newspaper, a friend)
Be consistent, e.g. do not suddenly introduce a “chatty” phrase into a serious discussion.
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Suggested approach for writing articles
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An international magazine is investigating the question: ‘Can the ordinary person do anything to prevent a crime happening?’ Write a shor article for this magazine.Look at the sample text which follows and answer the questions
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answer