discoverer ii: space-based gmti/sar demonstration program · space-based gmti/sar demonstration...

June 24, 1998

Presented by:

Col Mark T. HughesProgram Manager

Discoverer II Joint Program

Discoverer II:Space-Based GMTI/SAR Demonstration Program

Discoverer II:Discoverer II:Space-Based GMTI/SAR Demonstration ProgramSpace-Based GMTI/SAR Demonstration Program

DARPADARPA

DII: Briefing to Industry 06/24/98 (Hughes.2).ppt 2

OverviewOverviewOverview

n Management Structure

n Program Elements

n Demonstration Objectives

n Risk Reduction Efforts

n Acquisition Strategy


Discoverer IIDiscoverer IIProgram Management StructureProgram Management Structure

AF SAE

Dir, DARPA/TTO PEO

(Through CDR)

AF PEO(Post CDR)

DARPAProgram Manager

DARPA – Air Force – NROJoint Program Office

Senior Oversight Group(DARPA – AF – NRO)

– SAE, Air Force– Director, NRO– Director, DARPA

IndependentReviewTeam

MOA Responsibilities:AF

• Contract Authority (Core Program)• Program Security• Joint Concept Development Group• Fund Launch Vehicles/Integration

DARPA• Contract Authority (Risk Reduction)• TPED Development

NRO• FIA Coordination• Architecture Trades


Discoverer IICONOPS Development Structure

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IICONOPS Development StructureCONOPS Development Structure

DII Joint Program Office

Senior Oversight Group(DARPA - AF - NRO)

Joint ConceptDevelopment Groupä HQ USAF/XOR (OPR)ä Army DCSOPSä Navy N8ä USMCä DCI

Advance WarfighterUtility Panel

(“O-6 Panel”)ä Joint Staff/J-38ä DIA/J-2Pä CNO/N632ä HQ AF/XORBä HQ AF/XORPBä HQ USMCä XVIIIth ABN Corpsä USA Armor Centerä Naval War College

Air War College

Air Forceä AFSPC/DR (OPR)ä ACC/DRä ASC2A


Discoverer IIJoint Program Office Organization

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IIJoint Program Office OrganizationJoint Program Office Organization

Col Mark HughesPM

— DARPA —

Lt Col Allan Netzer— AF—

Maj Phil Simonsen— AF—

Maj Dave Dzaran— NRO—

Mr Tom Tillotson— NRO—

Mr Ron Poussard— AF—

Laboratory / FFRDCSupport

JPO Personnel:• 10 Government Staff• 2 Government Adjunct Staff• Small SETA team

Ms Christine KaiserExec Secretary

Rome LabPhillips Lab

Wright Lab

Lt Col (S)Ron Grundman

Dep PM— NRO —

Mr Thomas Revay (ASPO)

Mr Emil Martinsek (AFRL)

Aerospace CorpSandia NL

John Hopkins/APLMIT/LL

JPO Adjunct Staff

General Counsel Contracting

Security— AF / DARPA —

Dr Bill JeffreyDr John Smith— DARPA —

Dr Allan Steinhardt— DARPA —

Dr Ron Repka— DARPA —


Discoverer IIDemonstration Program Elements

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IIDemonstration Program ElementsDemonstration Program Elements

Signal Processing• GMTI Algorithms• SAR Algorithms• Tracking Algorithms• Data Collection• Onboard Processing

Space Segment• Design/Build/Fly (2) GMTI/SAR Satellites

Ground Segment• Modify Existing Service CIG/SS-Compliant Ground Station(s)

Objective System Design• System performance allocated to component level

Small, Agile Satellite Bus• Risk Analysis• Risk Reduction Concepts

High-Data-RateCommunications

• 2-4X Space Qualified CDL• Bandwidth Compression

High-ResolutionTerrain Mapping

• DTED Level 5 Generation• Precision Geolocation Concepts

Core Program

Risk Reduction InitiativesSpace-Based Radar

• Two Independent Multi-Mode ESA Designs•Environmental Testing(Subscale test articles)

• Frequency Allocation


Acquisition StrategyDII Notional InteractionsAcquisition StrategyAcquisition StrategyDII Notional InteractionsDII Notional Interactions

DARPA

Army

DJPO

99 02 04

TES P3ITES P3I

Target recognition, tasking, image processing softwareTarget recognition, tasking, image processing software

Datapkg

Active, low cost multi-mode ESAActive, low cost multi-mode ESA

Data

Small Agile Bus Small

Agile Bus

Wide band CommWide band Comm

HR-DTEDHR-DTED

Signal ProcessingSignal Processing

Commercial,Services,

NASA

Datapkg

Tactical Radar Program

Data

Software build

DII CoreProgramDII CoreProgram


Discoverer IINotional Characteristics

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IINotional CharacteristicsNotional Characteristics

n Space Segmentä Develop the most capable, affordable radar on a space

platformä Radar

l Multi-Mode, Electronically Scanned Array (ESA): GMTI - SAR - IFSARä Small (e.g., ≤ 8m x 5m)ä Low Mass (e.g., ≤500 kg)

l 2-D (-) Electronic Beamsteering:ä Azimuth: >+ 20°- 45°ä Elevation: >+ 1°

l X-band (10 GHz)l Integrated Sidelobe Level (ISL): -23dBl Instantaneous Bandwidth: <1ftl Duty Cycle: 20%l Peak Radiated Power: >2.0 kWl Average Power: <600Wl Employ STAP Signal Processing Techniquesl Employ ECCM Techniques


Discoverer IINotional Characteristics (cont’d)

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IINotional Characteristics (Notional Characteristics (cont’dcont’d))

n Space Segment (cont’d)ä Satellite Bus

l Low-Mass: <1000 kg (w/o ESA)l Agile: Rapid Roll/Yaw and Settling Sequencesl Existing, Proven Design, or Close Derivative

ä Launch Mass and Form-Factorl (2) Satellites w/ Stowed Arrays per MLV

ä Orbitl 770 km Altitudel Circular Orbit

ä Transmission Encryptionl TT&C: MIL-STDl Mission Data: UAV Equivalent

ä TT&Cl AFSCN Compatible


Discoverer IINotional Characteristics (cont’d)

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IINotional Characteristics (Notional Characteristics (cont’dcont’d))

n Ground Segmentä Modify CIG/SS-Compliant Tactical Ground Station (e.g., Army TES)

l Mission/collection management and tasking SW— Update satellite models with Discoverer II ephemeris— Update collection planning S/W with Discoverer II agility constraints

l Wide-band duplex datalinkl Integrate backward-compatible upgrade to ≥548 Mbps (downlink)l Integrate backward-compatible upgrade to ≥ 200 Kbps (uplink)

— Add common Imagery Processor (CIP) #2, for enhanced CIPperformance >40 Gflops

— Implement real-time GMTI signalprocessing algorithms in CIP

— Integrate Discoverer II imageryformation processing S/W in CIP

l Exploitation tools enhancement— Integrate with SAIP, MTE, etc.— Improve exploitation time by 4X


Discoverer IIDemonstration Enhancements

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IIDemonstration EnhancementsDemonstration Enhancements

CONOPS• Joint Concept Development Group• Army CONOPS Development• Air Force Concept Development Group

Utility Assessment• Determine Optimum “System of Systems” Employment

EnhancedTasking, Processing, Exploitation & Dissemination (TPED)

• DDB (Dynamic Data Base)• AIM (Advanced ISR Management)• SAIP (Semi-Automatic IMINT Processing)• MTE (Moving Target Exploitation)• BADD (Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination)


Discoverer IIDemonstration Objectives

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IIDemonstration ObjectivesDemonstration Objectives

n Affordability

n Tactical Warfighter Dynamic Tasking

n Direct Downlink to the Tactical Warfighter

n GMTI Collection

n SAR Imaging

n High-Resolution Terrain Mapping


Objective performance requires alarge constellation, necessitating a

revolutionary reduction insatellite per unit cost


(Affordability)


(Affordability)(Affordability)

n Produce two GMTI/SAR satellites substantiating thefeasibility of achieving an objective system unit cost of$100M per satellite (24 unit average cost) and an affordable20 year life-cycle costä Innovative commercial manufacturing/practices and

operationsä Unique constellation deployment/replenishment strategies

No. Satellites

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 12 24 36 48 60

% T

ime

Acc

essi

ble

40° (GMTI)

30° (GMTI)

40° (SAR)

30° (SAR)

24 SatelliteBaseline

97.092.2

60.7

40.4

24 Satellite Response TimeSAR ~ 2.5 min meanGMTI < 1 sec mean

Objective performance requires alarge constellation, necessitating

a revolutionary reduction insatellite per unit cost


Discoverer IIDemonstration Objectives(Tactical Warfighter Dynamic Tasking)

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IIDemonstration ObjectivesDemonstration Objectives(Tactical(Tactical Warfighter Warfighter Dynamic Tasking) Dynamic Tasking)

n Provide for tasking the constellation (GMTI and SARcollection) from a theater area of responsibility (AOR) innear-real-time (NRT) (AOR size is 500,000 km2)



(Direct Downlink to the Tactical Warfighter)


(Direct(Direct Downlink Downlink to the Tactical to the Tactical Warfighter Warfighter))

n Simultaneously broadcast GMTI/SAR information to anypoint in the AOR and transmit to CONUS in NRT

(TBD)

RELAY



(GMTI Collection)


(GMTI Collection)(GMTI Collection)

n Detect and track low-speed, HMMWV-sized ground targets

n Perform wide-area surveillance of an entire AOR: < 15 minutes

n Rapidly perform repeated GMTI collection against multiple“spots” of interest, randomly located within an AOR

200 nm

200 nm

~ 1 min

Sea LaneReconnaissanceLong-Range

Reconnaissance

100 nm

300 nm/min

LittoralReconnaissance

Maritime Targets Ground Targets

“Go-Stop-Go” Tracking(Multi-mode GMTI/SAR)

Survey steep valleys(Angle Diversity)

Track Through Gaps(HR-GMTI)



(SAR Imaging)


(SAR Imaging)(SAR Imaging)

n Provide at least moderate resolution SAR imaging

n Provide “spot” (frame) and strip imaging modes

n Provide precise geolocation of stationary targets

Strip Mode(e.g., > 1.0m IPR)

“Spot” Mode(e.g., <1.0m IPR)

South Korea

China

North Korea

South Korea

China

Precise Geolocation(e.g., 3.0m TLE)

Target

Mission Image

Synthetic SAR Image

Terrain Database



(High-Resolution Terrain Mapping)


(High-Resolution Terrain Mapping)(High-Resolution Terrain Mapping)

n Provide DTED Level 5 quality terrain mapping data(IFSAR- or stereo-derived)

Battlefield Visualization

DTED Accuracy Requirements

* x/y : Current requirement/Evolving Requirement

2 30 50/15 30/10 / 10 /75 1 5 5 0.5 0.33

DTEDLevel

Post Spacing( approx)

(m)

CE(absolute)*

(m)

LE(absolute)*

(m)

CE(relative)*

(m)

LE(relative)*

(m)


Technical Risk Reduction EffortsTechnical Risk Reduction EffortsTechnical Risk Reduction Efforts

n Spaceborne, Multi-Mode ESA

n GMTI/SAR Signal Processing

n Small, Agile Satellite Bus

n High-Data-Rate Communications

n High-Resolution Terrain Mapping

n Leveraging ongoing DARPA technology exploitation efforts

n Risk reduction effort results will transition to Discoverer IISystem Integrators


Technical Risk Reduction Efforts(Spaceborne, Multi-Mode ESA)

Technical Risk Reduction EffortsTechnical Risk Reduction Efforts((SpaceborneSpaceborne, Multi-Mode ESA), Multi-Mode ESA)

n Awarded (2) sole source contracts for full-scale designof a small, low-mass, high-performance, spaceborne,multi-mode ESA

ä Northrop Grummanä Raytheon

n Subscale test article launch and space environmental testing

n Radar frequency allocation planning


Technical Risk Reduction Efforts(Space-Based GMTI/SAR Signal Processing)

Technical Risk Reduction EffortsTechnical Risk Reduction Efforts(Space-Based GMTI/SAR Signal Processing)(Space-Based GMTI/SAR Signal Processing)

n Supporting waveform and signal processing algorithmdevelopment and laboratory evaluationsä Space-based GMTI collectionä Space-based SAR imagingä Simultaneous GMTI/SAR collectionä Target tracking

n GMTI data collection

n Supporting technical evaluation of possible onboardprocessing options


Technical Risk Reduction Efforts(Small, Agile Satellite Bus)

Technical Risk Reduction EffortsTechnical Risk Reduction Efforts(Small, Agile Satellite Bus)(Small, Agile Satellite Bus)

n Issued RFI for existing low-mass, agile satellite buses

n Conducting risk analysis

n Developing risk reduction concepts


Technical Risk Reduction Efforts(High-Data-Rate Communications)

Technical Risk Reduction EffortsTechnical Risk Reduction Efforts(High-Data-Rate Communications)(High-Data-Rate Communications)

n Feasibility analysis/options assessment for 2X-to-4X CDL

n Data bandwidth compression studies

n CDL frequency allocation planning

n Issued RFI for high-data-rate space-to-ground,ground-to-space and cross-link communications systems(1X-to-4X CDL data rate)

n CDL space qualification (planned)


Technical Risk Reduction Efforts(High-Resolution Terrain Mapping)

Technical Risk Reduction EffortsTechnical Risk Reduction Efforts(High-Resolution Terrain Mapping)(High-Resolution Terrain Mapping)

n Mission image correlated withsynthetic-SAR Imageä High accuracy rapid targetingä No coverage impactä Requires high-quality

terrain database

n Performance goalä 3-m TLEä Broad-area coverageä Precision terrain elevation data at

1, 3, or 10 m posting

Target

Mission Image

Synthetic-SAR Image

Terrain Database

Terrain-Aided SAR Targeting




Store andForwardDownlink

5 km

Requires 2Channels of

CDL

THEATER

Transmit/Receive

Receive

GPS/Tag

2 Satellite pair (400 km2) (8100 km2) (90,000 km2)performance 20x20 km 90x90 km 300x300 kmRegional Rqmts 18 hours 72 hours 12 days10 m posting 0.17 hours 3.5 hours 1.6 days3 m posting 0.8 hours 16.2 hours 7.5 days1 m posting 13.7 hours 278 hours 129 days

Potential Terrain Mapping

Performance




Technical Challengesn Baseline length and tilt

measurementn Phase unwrappingn Scene Effects

ä Foliageä Urban Areasä Lakesä Snow/ice

n Accurate mission/reference image co-registration for targeting

n Collection conceptä orbit selectionä synchronization

Objectivesn Control relative, absolute

errors to DTED 5 levelsn Correctly resolve 2π height

ambiguitiesn Identify and minimize

errors and gaps due toä Shadowingä Layoverä Decorrelationä Multipathä Low return areas

n Transfer full accuracy ofterrain data to targetingsolution

n Select orbits and phasing toensure satisfactorycoverage access andtimeliness

Target

Mission Image

Synthetic SAR Image

Terrain Database

5 km

THEATER

Transmit/ReceiveReceive

GPS/Tag


Acquisition StrategyAcquisition StrategyAcquisition Strategy

n The Discoverer II program develops the component-leveldesign for the “objective system” – identifying growth pathsneeded

n The two R&D prototypes prove growth paths are achievable

$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$

$$

R&DPrototype

capabilities

“Objectivesystem” design

capabilities

Today’spotential capabilities



n Discoverer II Program Touchstones

ä Competition & Innovationl Empower, Enable, and Challenge industry

l Want multiple “out of the box” high risk radar designs

— Maximize viable offerors

ä Acquisition reform/streamlined processes

l “Other Transactions” agreements

ä Capabilities

l Cost As Independent Variable (CAIV)— Trade-space is performance and cost


Discoverer IINotional Program Schedule

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IINotional Program ScheduleNotional Program Schedule

Task

Technology Risk Reduction- Space-Based Active ESAs

Demonstration Program

Phase I (Studies/Trades/Prelim design)

Phase II (FinalDesign/build/demonstrate)

- System Design & Integration

System SI Contract #1




Antenna Build #1Antenna Build #2

Ground Station integration/TestTES

Planned Start

Actual Start

Planned End

Actual End

Planned Critical Milestone

Actual Critical MilestoneLEGEND: Planned Milestone

Actual MilestoneSchedule Slip

Freeze ArchitectureStart Subscale Array

Award

End SubscaleTests

RARelease

RA Awards

IER #1 IER #2

CDR

SubsystemAssembly

EndDemo

S/C #1Integration

S/C #2Integration

TestS/V

MateLaunch

#1

Launch#2

Long-Lead Items

T/R Module Build

As of: 22 June 98

IER #3

S/W Demos

“Drop” GroundProcessing Build

Phase I Phase IIPhase II

Proposals

4QFY03

1QFY04

FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04

Gov’t updateCapabilities Doc



n Phase I Agreement (RA award to IER3)

ä Scopel Conduct up to 3 IERs w/deliverables

l System trades, studies and reports (objective system & prototype)

— Two design approaches/multiple radar vendors

— Cost, risk, thermal, power, weight, reliability & performance

— Operations concept

l Risk mitigation program

l Objective system H/W & S/W designs w/deliverables

l Plan demonstrator test program

l Submit and definitize Phase II proposal based on Phase I experience

ä Milestone payments



n Phase II Agreement Scope (Phase II award to Democomplete)ä Structure/definitize Phase II proposal based on Phase I

experiencel Demonstrator system design/TSPRl Conduct demonstrator system CDR w/deliverablesl Software demosl Space craft integration & test/reportl Space vehicle matel TES integrationl End to end ground system check-outl Launch supportl Mission planning, tasking, TT&Cl Conduct on-orbit operational demonstrationl Final Report

ä Cost reimbursement with incentivesä Long-lead provisions



n Use Section 845 Prototyping authority

ä 845 Agreement with System Integrator(s)

ä Award Multiple agreements in 1QFY99

ä Subsequent down selects to result in no more than twofinal System Integrator(s)l Affordability dependent

n Conduct program at Genser SECRET

ä General system description: UNCLASSIFIED

ä Detailed system characteristics and performance:SECRET


Discoverer II Joint Program:Funding

Discoverer II Joint Program:Discoverer II Joint Program:FundingFunding

Total Joint Program planned fundingFY98-FY04 : $593 M + AF funded launch

n Total then-year dollars

n DARPA, Air Force, and NRO share program costs

n Air Force separately funds launch vehicles and launchintegration support


Discoverer IINear-Term Objectives

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IINear-Term ObjectivesNear-Term Objectives

n Obtain feedback from industry representatives on programplan

ä Mid-June to early Augn Release for comment the Draft Solicitation

for Discoverer II System Integration proposalsä Mid-August

n Hold an “Industry Day” (release Draft RA)ä Late August

n Consider comments on the Draft Solicitationn Modify and release the Final Solicitation

ä Early Octobern Award multiple System Integration agreements

ä Mid-December


Discoverer IIDemonstration Program Summary

Discoverer IIDiscoverer IIDemonstration Program SummaryDemonstration Program Summary

n Discoverer II is a joint demonstration program:

ä Technical feasibility of attaining an affordable space-basedGMTI/SAR capability using small, low-cost radar satellites

ä Technical feasibility and operational utility of thetactical warfighter tasking, and receiving direct downlinkfrom reconnaissance/surveillance satellites

n Design, build, and fly (2) space-based radar (SBR) R&Dsatellites; demo on-orbit for one year

n Modify one or more CIG/SS tactical ground stations

n Provide an objective system design

discoverer ii: space-based gmti/sar demonstration program · space-based gmti/sar demonstration...

Documents