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TRANSCRIPT
Life Sciences 11 – Jan 2020
Chap 18.1 – Class Notes – What is Taxonomy?
Slide 1: Taxonomy (Naming and Grouping); Unit 2B
Slide 3:
Taxonomy is the discipline of classifying organisms. Taxonomists arrange organisms into orderly groups based on their similar
characteristics, traits / evolutionary relationships Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms Taxonomy = Classification
Slide 4&5: Why is a naming system important?
Have you seen a… Florida panther? Cougar? Mountain lion? Catamount? Puma?
Slide 6 & 7: Names for animals in different languages can be confusing …
Slide 8: Benefits of Classifying
• Accurate & uniform – there is only ONE name per organism
• Prevents misnomers
• starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish
• Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names
Slide 9: Taxonomy is needed to:
1. Organize species into groups (simplifies discussions)
2. Identify new organisms
WWF announces discovery of 157 new species in Southeast Asia
By Lisa Jane Harding, CNN. Wed Dec 12, 2018
https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/12/asia/wwf-new-species-mekong/ index.html
3. Show relationships between organisms.
Slide 10&11: Early Taxonomists
1. Aristotle was the first taxonomist (about 2000 years ago)• Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals
• He further subdivided them by their habitat -- land, sea, or air dwellers
2. John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming
• His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant
Slide 12: ***The Father of taxonomy was****
3. Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778)• He classified organisms by their structure
• He developed
• the binomial nomenclature (2-part name),
• AND
• the 7-level (taxon) classification system
Slide 13&14: Binomial nomenclature = Standardized Naming
• Binomial nomenclature = 2 word naming.
• 2 words = Genus and species
• Words are in Latin or Greek
• Words are italicized in print,
• names are underlined when hand-written.
• The Genus word is Capitalized,
• the species is written all in lower case
Self-Check:
Slide 15 - 23: 7-level (taxon) classification system
Slide 15: Rules for Naming Organisms
• Organisms are arranged into orderly groups based on their similar characteristics, traits / evolutionary relationships
• The genetics (genotype) of an organism determines its physical attributes (phenotype)
Slide 16-18: Classification Groups
• Taxon (taxa-plural) is a category
• The taxon is used to place related organisms together
• There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific
Slide 19: How does the scientific name (binomial nomenclature) fit into the taxon groups?
Slide 20 & 21: Other Examples of Common Organisms and their Classification Groups
Slide 22 & 23: How to remember the order of the taxons (or classification Groups)
Other ways to remember:
o D umb Kids Playing Chicken On Freeways Go Splat
o Dumb King Philip Came Over For Good Sandwiches
o D id King Philip Come Over From Glorious Spain?