disaster & risk lecture for uplb

7/18/2012

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Lecture on

DISASTER AND RISK REDUCTION

F/CSUPT CARLITO S ROMERO Director for Plans and Standards Development

BFP, National Headquarters

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CC_XXXXXXXX_11

Disasters and Development

. . Disasters can reverse hard-won development

gains, clearly illustrating the relationships between

poverty reduction, environmental degradation and

vulnerability to disasters, and therefore

the capacity or lack of it lies at the

heart of reducing the RISK of disaster.

How to Prepare and Empower the People in the Community to

Deal with Natural Disasters Plaguing Our Country

-Republic Act 10121-

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BASIC PREPAREDNESS

• GETTING INFORMED

• EMERGENCY PLANNING AND CHECKLIST

• ASSEMBLE A DISASTER SUPPLIES KIT

• SHELTER/EVACUATION AREA

• HAZARD SPECIFIC PREPAREDNESS

• PRACTICING AND MAINTAINING YOUR PLAN

Key to an Effective Disaster

Prevention is Planning

• Know your hazards.

-Is your building along an active fault line,

liquefaction prone area, weak slope / landslide

prone, fire prone area, flood prone area, tsunami

prone, etc.?

-If yes, you have to mitigate/prepare for the

effects of said potential hazards.

Reference: OCD Manual for Establishments: PHIVOLCS & PAGASA, PICE-ASEP, MGB,

OSHA

NATURAL HAZARDS

TYPHOONS AND STORM SURGES

CLIMATIC VARIABILITIES

(LA NIÑA/EL NIÑO)

FLOODS

EARTHQUAKES

TSUNAMI

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

LANDSLIDES

GROUND SUBSIDENCE

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MANMADE HAZARDS

FIRE INCIDENTS

SEA ACCIDENTS

OIL SPILL

CIVIL STRIFE

POLLUTION (SOLID WASTE, AIR, WATER AND THERMAL)

INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

(RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT, GAS LEAKS)

RED TIDE

AIR ACCIDENTS

LAND ACCIDENTS

TERRORISM

MANMADE HAZARDS

Forest Fires

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Direct Attack Indirect Attack

Back Fire

Fire Barrier

Bumbi Bucket

Cigarretes Lighted Torches Camp Fires Goodhouskeeping Tree Planting

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

RP is vulnerable to almost all types of natural

hazards because of its geographical location


The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western ring of the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes and earthquake generators (faults). CC_XXXXXXXX_28

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Earthquake Generators in the

Philippines:

Active Faults

Trenches

Earthquake Activity in the Philippines

• 20 earthquakes recorded per day

• ~ 200 felt per year

• ~ 90 destructive earthquakes for past 400 years

• ~ 40 tsunamis for past 400 years

2000 to 2010 January 31 (PHIVOLCS data)

DISASTER RISK PROFILE

With global warming, more intense typhoons are likely to occur, but changes in frequency are uncertain - PAGASA

The Philippines is located in the Pacific typhoon belt. The country experiences an average of 20 typhoons a year, 5 of which are said to be destructive.


Map 1: Annual Extreme Rainfall

Tropical storms or typhoons accompanied by heavy rain and/or strong winds that may result in floods, landslides and storm surge are the most prevalent types of hydro-meteorological hazards in the country.

. . . . . . . Most of the disasters are in Asia

Continent

1974-

78

1979-

83

1984-

88

1989-

93

1994-

98

1999-

03

2004-

08 Total %

Africa 88 113 128 107 149 333 480 1398 17

Americas 99 199 255 319 320 475 429 2096 25

Asia 220 336 353 482 449 726 780 3346 40

Europe 43 108 136 144 134 288 272 1125 13

Oceania 47 56 57 64 64 75 65 428 5

Total 497 812 929 1116 1116 1897 2026 8393 100

Global Disaster Trends Key to an Effective Disaster


• Familiarize yourself with your place of work

and residence.

-Identify relative strong parts of the building like door

jambs, near elevator shafts, sturdy tables, inner

corners of the room where you can take refuge

during an earthquake.

-Learn to use fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms.

-Know your emergency exit, assembly areas for individuals

and livestock (primary and secondary evacuation

areas).


OSHA

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• Prepare your place of work and residence for the event.

For Earthquakes


OSHA

• Strap heavy furniture/cabinets to the

wall to prevent sliding or topping.

• Breakable items, harmful chemicals

and flammable materials should be

stored in the lowermost shelves and

secured firmly.

• Make it a habit to turn off gas tanks

when not in use.



• Prepare your place of work and residence for the event.

For Flooding


OSHA

• Be aware on how often your location

is likely to be flooded, and to what

extent.

• Securely anchor dwellings and items.

• Trim down tree branches of trees.



• Learn to recognize signs of an impending landslides.

For Landslides


OSHA

• Doors or windows stick or jam for the

first time.

• New cracks appear in plaster, tile or

foundations.

• Outside walls, walks or stairs begin

pulling away from the building.

• Slowly developing, widening cracks

appear on the ground or on paved

areas such as streets or driveways. Courtesy of DR. KARLO L. QUEANO

Lands Geological Survey Division Mines and Geosciences Bureau



• Learn to recognize signs of an impending landslides.

For Landslides


OSHA

• Presence of terracettes.

• Presence tension cracks.

• Fences, retaining walls, utility poles, or trees tilt or move.

• Springs, seeps, or saturated ground in areas that have not typically been wet

before.

• You hear a faint rumbling sound that

increases in volume as the landslide/debris flow nears.

Courtesy of DR. KARLO L. QUEANO

Lands Geological Survey Division Mines and Geosciences Bureau



• Prepare a Disaster Plan, Contingency Plan or

Standard Operating Procedures for Response.

• Conduct Orientations and awareness seminars.


OSHA



• Organize yourselves into teams to respond to

emergencies.


OSHA

Chairman

Asst. Chairman

Warning

Securi ty Communication Supply Transportation

Rescue Evacuation

Fire Brigade Damage Control

Medical

Disaster Operation Center

Typical Disaster Control Group

Staff Teams

Operating Teams

Rel ief

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• Prepare and maintain a SURVIVAL KIT that will last

for at least 3 days.

-battery powered radio - whistle

-flashlight - dust mask

-first aid Kit - maintenance medicines

-clothes - important documents

-potable water - infant formula

-ready-to-eat food - mobile phones

-extra batteries - identification cards

-others

Remember: Pack items in plastic bags.


OSHA

Promote the Spirit of Volunteerism/ Keeping the

Neighbourhood Together when Calamity Strikes

Knowing what to do during the disastrous incident and

disseminating the information may save lives and properties as

well.

What to do during an Earthquake Event


OSHA

• Protect your body from falling

debris by bracing yourself in a

doorway or by getting under a sturdy

desk or table.

STAY CALM. IF YOU ARE INSIDE A STRUCTURALLY

SOUND BUILDING, STAY THERE

SOURCE: PHIVOLCS

DO THE DUCK,

COVER AND HOLD ON POSITION.

• Only evacuate after the shaking

stops. Reference: OCD Manual for Establishments:

PHIVOLCS & PAGASA, PICE-ASEP, MGB, OSHA

Effects of ground shaking

Kobe, Japan Earthquake

17 January 1995

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If outside, move to an open area

Get away from power lines, posts, walls and other structures

Stay away from buildings with glass panes.

DURING

If along the shore and you feel a strong earthquake

Run away from the shore toward higher ground!

DURING

• Do not rush to the exit; get out calmly in an orderly manner.

• Do not use elevators, use the stairs.

• Check yourself and others for injuries.

IF YOU ARE INSIDE AN OLD, WEAK STRUCTURE, TAKE THE FASTEST AND SAFEST WAY OUT

SOURCE: PHIVOLCS

After an Earthquake Event


OSHA

After an Earthquake Event


OSHA

• Don’t enter partially damaged

buildings, aftershocks may cause

these to collapse.

• Gather information and disaster

prevention instructions from battery-

operated radios.

• Obey public safety precautions.

What to do if a Tsunami Occurs


OSHA

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Natural Observations for Local Tsunami Warning

Unusual sea conditions - EXTREME lowering of sea level - Rise and fall of coastal water

Rumbling sound of the approaching waves

A strong earthquake

IMMEDIATELY

MOVE TO

HIGHER

GROUNDS


OSHA

• Listen to announcements.

• Evacuate…

• Do vertical evacuation, if you happen to be near a high rise building but be sure that the building is structurally sound; or

• Move to higher grounds or far away as much as possible.

There will be NO natural signs observed.

SOURCE: PHIVOLCS

For Regional Tsunami


OSHA

What to do during a

Flooding Event


OSHA

• Be ALERT to the possibility of flood,

if it has been raining for several days. Flood happens as the ground becomes saturated.

• Listen to your radio for emergency instructions.

• If advised to evacuate, DO SO!

• Don’t panic, move to a safe area before access is cut off by flood waters.

When Warned of Flood


OSHA

• Store drinking water in containers, water service may be interrupted.

• Move household belongings to upper levels. Get livestock to higher ground.

• Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building before evacuating and also lock your house.

When Warned of Flood

Source: PAGASA


OSHA

• Avoid areas subject to sudden flooding.

• Do not attempt to cross rivers of flowing streams where water is above the knee.

• Beware of water-covered roads and bridges.

During the Flood

Source: PAGASA


OSHA

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After a Flooding Event


OSHA

• Re-enter the dwellings with caution using flashlights. Flammables may be inside.

• Be alert for fire hazards like damaged electric wires.

• Do not eat food and drink water until they have been checked for flood water contamination.

• Report broken utility lines (electricity, water, gas, and telephone) to appropriate agencies / authorities.

After a Flooding Event


OSHA

• Do not turn on the main switch or use appliances and other equipment until they have been checked by a competent electrician.

• Consult health authorities for immunization requirements.

• Do not go “sight-seeing” in disaster areas. Your presence might hamper rescue and other emergency operations.

63

SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES EVACUATION

• There must be a pre-designated Evacuation Area.

However, if the designated evacuation area is no longer safe for the evacuees, then an alternate evacuation area must be a part of the Plan.

• Head counter/s must record all names of evacuees. • Information Desk must be established.

- List of names of persons who are missing, injured and those transported to hospitals must be posted. - Cater to inquiries of media, relatives, friends and others.

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• Signage leading to the exit ways must be properly posted.

- Must be luminous and/or reflectorized, in standard size and posted in eye-level height. • Emergency lighting system must also be installed to the exit ways to guide the evacuees. This emergency lighting system must be capable to penetrate through smoke.

65

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While the national and local governments

are primarily responsible for disaster

management, however, everybody is

equally responsible to undertake disaster

preparedness, mitigation, response and

rehabilitation activities to prevent

or reduce disaster risks and ensure one’s

survival and safety during emergency

situations.

How to Sketch a Map or Floor Plans of Disaster Prone Areas

and; Draw, Present and Verify

Evacuation Plan

Floorplan Diagram Example

Designate Primary & Secondary Exits No Emergency Exits in Restrooms Exit Away From Rooms with Hazardous Materials No Emergency Exits into Narrow Passages Exit Signs Indicating the Nearest Emergency Exit Designate an Assembly Area No Use of Elevators to Reach an Emergency Exit Indicate Exits with Wheelchair Access Indicate the Employee's Current Location

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1. Furnishings and Decorations. 2. Access to Exits. 3. Discharge From Exits. 4. Exit Marking. 5. Exit Marking . 6. Access to Exits.

Examples of Violations

1. Exit Lighting. 2. Exit Marking. 3. Adequate Headroom. 4. Access to Exits. 5. Access to Exits.

Examples of Violations

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/egress_demo2.html





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• Conduct drills and exercises to test the following:

• disaster plan

• evacuation process

• systems and procedures

• internal and/or external response

• DCG capacity to respond


OSHA

Remain in that position until “shaking” stops

Still BE ALERT, open your eyes

Observers should take note

of how drill participants performed

REACTION:

during the alarm = perform “Duck, Cover and

Hold”

EVACUATION: after the alarm = drill participants evacuate, following

pre-determined routes, to the EVACUATION AREAS

Photo by: EA OLAVERE

ASSEMBLY: at the evacuation area, drill participants should group

together accordingly

HEADCOUNT: teachers / leaders check if everyone is present

and accounted for

1.2.3.4… 100..1000…4000 students

EVALUATION

How was the drill?

What are the problems

encountered?

How will it be improved

for future earthquake

drills?

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How to Develop a Safety Plan for Neighbourhood Children and

People with Special Needs when Disaster Strikes

86

PRIORITIES IN EVACUATION

First Priority -Those needing assistance during evacuation. Elderly, children, handicaps, pregnant women and very sick people. (However, some

medical institutions like hospitals, consider those patients at ICU or those who have highly contagious diseases as their last priority during evacuation). Second Priority- Female

Third Priority - Male

87


IMPORTANT:

EVACUEES MUST NOT RETURN TO DISASTER AFFECTED AREA NOT UNTIL THE AREA IS DECLARED

SAFE BY THE AUTHORITIES.

89

PROCEDURES ON EVACUATION DIFFER ON THE

TYPE OF DISASTER / EMERGENCY

A. Risk / Vulnerability Assessment of the

Establishment/area

B. Warning or Alarm System

C. Evacuation Plan showing the process,

routes, and assembly areas

D. Vicinity Maps / Floor Plans

E. Organized Disaster Control Group (DCG)

with duties and responsibilities

Components of a Disaster Plan


OSHA

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F. Inventory of Resources and capacities

1. Manpower/Resources Capacities

2. Supplies and Equipment for the members of

DCG

3. Systems established (policies/procedures)

4. Funds (Source and support)

5. Linkages (emergency numbers, local

authorities, volunteer responders, hospitals,

etc.)

Components of a Disaster Plan


OSHA

RA 10121 – “Philippine Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management

Act of 2010”

NDCC- NDRRMC ( National

Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Council)

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) • Secretary, DND as Chairperson • Four (4) Vice-Chairpersons:

– DILG – Disaster Preparedness – DSWD – Disaster Response – DOST – Disaster Prevention and Mitigation – NEDA – Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

• Members: Thirty-Nine (39) – Fourteen (14) line departments ( DOH, DENR, DA, DepEd, DOE, DOF, DTI, DOTC, DBM,

DPWH, DFA, DOJ, DOLE and DOT) – Twelve (12) other government agencies / offices ( Office of the Executive Secretary,

OPAPP, CHED, AFP, PNP, Office of the Press Secretary, NAPC-VDC, NCRFW, HUDCC, Climate Change Commission, PHILHEALTH and OCD)

– Two (2) GFIs ( GSIS and SSS) – One quasi-government agency (Philippine Red Cross)) – Five (5) LGU Leagues (ULAP, LPP, LCP, LMP and LnB) – Four (4) Civil Society Organizations – One (1) Private Sector Organization

•Executive Director: OCD Administrator with the rank of Undersecretary

RA No. 10121

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Center (NDRRMC OpCen)

• Operates on a 24/7 basis

• Center for coordination of all pre- and post-disaster

operational activities

• Provides and disseminates disaster response and

population preparedness guidelines

• Facilitates effective management of the consequences of

disasters or emergency situations requiring

interventions of national agencies in order to minimize

adverse effects of disasters

• Central command and control facility

• It does not normally control field assets and leaves

tactical decisions to local disaster coordinating councils

(DRRMCs)

CC_XXXXXXXX_96

GEOPHYSICAL

HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL

TERRORISM

EPIDEMICS

CIVIL

DISTURBANCE

INFESTATION

PHIVOLCS

PAGASA

AFP

DOH

PNP

DA

Executive Officer, NDRRMC/

Administrator, OCD

NDRRMC-OPCEN/

EOC

Chairman, NDRRMC

Surveillance

Agencies

OCDRCs

RDRRMCs

Lower DRRMCs

P/C/M/B

President

of the Philippines

Warning

Alerts/ Advisories

NDCC

Warning Advisories/

Reverse

SITREPs

Situation

Reports

NDCC

SITREPs

Official

Disaster Reports

NDRRMC OPCEN INFO

FLOW

RADIOLOGICAL & NUCLEAR

PNRI

RDCC

Warning Advisorie/

Reverse

SITREPS

Situation

Reports

NDCC Alerts/

Advisories/ SITREPs

Media/ Other

Stakeholders

NDRRMC

Response Agencies

DSWD-DROMICS

DOH-HEMS

AFPCC

DOTC/PCG

DILG/PNP/BFP

DEPED

DPWH

DA

PNRC

DENR/EMB

P

C/M

B

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CC_XXXXXXXX_97

REGION III

REGION I

REGION VII

CAR

REGION IV-A

REGION IV-B

REGION VI

REGION IX

REGION XII

REGION II

NCR

REGION V

REGION VIII

REGION X

CARAGA

REGION XI

Institutional and Operational Arrangements Office of Civil Defense

Regional Centers ICS Purposes

• Using management best practices, ICS

helps to ensure:

– The safety of responders and others.

– The achievement of tactical objectives.

– The efficient use of resources.

Incidents Managed Using ICS

Natural disasters – typhoons, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, tsunami

Human and animal disease outbreaks

Search and rescue missions

Hazardous materials incidents

Terrorist incidents

Hostage-Taking

Recovery operations

Distribution of humanitarian assistance

Planned events such as fiestas, parades, sport events, conferences, concerts, etc.

Countries Using ICS

• Fully Implemented: - United States - Canada - Australia - New Zealand - Mexico

• In Transition:

South Asia - Bhutan - India – 2010 Indian Response System - Sri Lanka ASEAN Nations - Indonesia - Philippines - Thailand - Brunei Darussalam Africa – Ethiopia, Ghana Latin America – Many countries

Barangay Guinsaugon, St. Bernard, Southern Leyte

Staging Area S

Refers to a pre – designated place where resources are kept or assembled while awaiting incident assignment.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/comp/telecom/cellphone/Globe.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/comp/telecom/phone/int-use.htm&h=175&w=174&sz=6&tbnid=VKgIprq9RGoJ:&tbnh=95&tbnw=94&hl=en&start=2&prev=/images?q=globe&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=

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103

HELIBASE

104

HELISPOTS

EMERGENCY SHELTER AND PROTECTION (

Camp Management

Debris Clearing Operations

One Stop Shop (OSS) Facility for the Acceptance and Processing of Foreign

Donations” • This OSS mechanism was adopted as a transitory guideline to respond to the influx of foreign donations within the golden hour of humanitarian assistance and relief operations and facilitate easy acceptance and processing of foreign donations as well as expedite the relief, recovery and rehabilitation efforts. •The OSS is headed by the Bureau of Customs (BOC) with the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as the primary consignee. • The OSS is constituted by the following agencies BOC, DSWD, OCD, DOH, DepED, DPWH and BOO-DA. The DFA is responsible for conveying the humanitarian and relief needs identified by the line agencies of the Philippine Government to the international community. • The NDRRMC serves as the information hub for all transactions between and among donors, consignee, and recipients of foreign and local donations.

http://www.usda.gov/oc/photo/02c1814.jpg

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12 JANUARY 2004

12,500 families left homeless

6,000 homes burned to the ground

P40M in damages

03 DECEMBER 1998

27 persons killed

(22 children & 5 adults)

P 10M in damages

19 MARCH 1996

160 persons killed

83 persons injured

P 15M in damages

LUNG CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES

• 24 people dead

18 AUGUST 2001

75 persons killed

19 persons injured

P 12M in damages

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Tuguegarao Tragic Fire Incident

• Nursing Board Examinees

Butuan City Fire Incident

• Stay-in Employees

Glorietta

Congress

A fire will double every 30 Seconds under normal conditions.

In as little as 3 minutes, a small fire can erupt into a

“FLASHOVER”.

A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building in

minutes. Smoke results in:

Teared eyes

Choking sensation Impaired judgment due to Carbon Monoxide (CO) Loss of spacial recognition Sedation effect - Respiratory failure

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FUEL

(FIRE LOAD)

HEAT

(IGNITION)

OXYGEN

(VENTILATION)

FIRE TRIANGLE

UN-INHIBITED CHAIN

REACTION

DIRECT HEAT TRANSFER

This is the transfer of heat from one body to

another through direct flame contact.

Fire Spreads in Four Ways

HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION

It is the act of radiating or the emission and propagation of radiant

heat or energy. It involves the stages of emission, absorption and

transmission of heat or energy. It involves the thermal process whereby

atmospheric circulation is maintained through the upward or downward

transfer of air masses of different temperature.

HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION

It is the transmission of heat from one body to another. It is the

transfer of heat from one molecule to another molecule

M

E

T

A

L

HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION

It is the diffusion of heat in liquid or gas form through the motion of its parts

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SMOKERS' SAFETY

Don't smoke in bed or when

you're drowsy. Give smokers

large, deep, non-tip ash trays, and

soak butts and ashes before

dumping them. If someone has

been smoking in your home,

check on and around furniture,

including under cushions, for

smoldering cigarettes.

TIPS ON FIRE SAFETY

KEEP MATCHES AND LIGHTERS OUT OF SIGHT

Keep matches and lighters away from children. Lock

them up high and out of reach, and use only child- resistant

lighters. Teach young children to tell you if they find

matches or lighters; teach older children to bring matches

and lighters to an adult before they fall into young hands.

TIPS ON FIRE SAFETY

TIPS ON FIRE SAFETY

COOK SAFELY

Always stay with the stove when

cooking, or turn off burners if you

walk away. Wear clothes with snug

- rolled up - sleeves when you cook

to avoid catching your clothes on

fire. Turn pot handles inward where

you can't bump them and children

can't grab them, and enforce a

"kid-free zone" 3 feet around your

stove when you cook.

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS ( LPG )

Safety Handling

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Parts of the LPG Tank

• Foot ring

• LPG Tank/vessel/cylinder

• Ventilated Cap or Collar Guard

• Tank Appurtenances • Regulators (single stage)

Location of tanks/cylinders shall comply the

following:

• Located outdoors.

• Must be located on firm, clean and dry site.

• Shall not be used or stored in basements or below ground level.

• Must be located to facilitate changing and/or quick removal in

case of emergency.

• Must be located so as not to obstruct ingress and egress of people.

• Must be located so as to avoid damage from impact from vehicles.

• Must be located so as to avoid being heated i.e. besides boilers or

heaters.

Procedure on Fighting LPG Fires

1. Stay at the side of the tank and never at the top or bottom portion for they are its weakest portions.

2. Position yourself in the windward direction;

3. Crouch low in level with the tank;

4. Close the valve;

5. Use clothes ( preferable wet) if valve is hot;

6. Bring LPG tank outside to an open space, pour enough water or immerse in a water container to cool it down.

REMEMBER: “Empty as well as burning LPG tanks don’t explode, only those

with contents and are overheated do.”

PLAN YOUR ESCAPE

If there’s a fire, you have to get out

fast, so be prepared. Draw a floor plan

of your home, marking two ways out of

each room. Go over the plan with your

household so that everyone knows how

to escape if there's a fire, then

physically walk through each escape

route. Decide on an outside meeting

place in front of your home where

everyone will meet after they've

escaped. Practice your escape plan by

holding a fire drill twice a year.

TIPS ON FIRE SAFETY

Unattended cooking equipment

Improper discarding of cigarette butts

Improper wiring system

Octopus connection – overloading of circuit.

Unattended electric iron

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disaster & risk lecture for uplb

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