STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

DURING 2013

PART 4: MAKE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

DISASTER RESILIENT

STRATEGY: “CONCENTRATE YOUR POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES ON ACHIEVING ONE

BIG OBJECTIVE -- SUCH AS DISASTER RESILIENT

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS”

[Credit: The late George Ritchie, UK]

WHAT HISTORY TEACHES WHAT HISTORY TEACHES

• THE FRAGILITY OF A CITY’S LIFELINES (I.E, INFRASTRUCTURE) WILL PREVENT THE CITY FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT.

• THE FRAGILITY OF A CITY’S LIFELINES (I.E, INFRASTRUCTURE) WILL PREVENT THE CITY FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT.

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

CAN PARALYZE LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND

INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

• Provide an essential functionessential function to society by moving people and goods from point “A” to point “B”

• Represent a substantial share of a substantial share of a country’s GDPcountry’s GDP (11% for USA.)

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

• Types: Roads, railroads, mass transit, water-borne and air transport systems, and pipelines

• Scales: urban, regional, national, and international.

ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

• Built infrastructureBuilt infrastructure• roads, runways,

airports, terminals, railways, stations, canals, ports, traffic control centers, maintenance and operation facilities, pipelines, etc.

• Operations sideOperations side

• vehicles, traffic safety and control, power, commun-ications and signaling, maintenance, transportation operators, etc.

FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY

They extend over broad geographical areas

They have large numbers of components that are subject to either POINT or AREA failures.

FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)

Roadways and railways frequently follow river valleys (easier and cheaper to build)

Utilities, including pipelines, often follow right-of-ways (reduces legal problems and costs)

FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)

Multiple entities have responsibility for or oversight of the system

Typically owned by public entities and publicly funded

Usually self insured

FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)

Different modes of trans-portation interact with each other and other elements of the city’s built environment (hence, the name, Lifeline Systems”).

HIGHWAY SYSTEMS

Flooding from tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons, and tsunamis,Landslides (rock falls, spreads, slides, flows)Earthquakes (ground shaking)

TSUNAMI ARRIVAL: SENDAI, JAPAN; MARCH 11, 2011

TYPHOON MORAKOT: TAIWAN; LANDSLIDE BURIES VILLAGE OF 1,000

AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)

RAILROAD SYSTEMS

Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)

PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON

•LIFELINE STANDARDS•SITING AND ROUTING •EMERGENCY REPAIRS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE

SOCIETAL RESILIENCESOCIETAL RESILIENCE