Ms Bincy Joshwa

Disaster nursing

Disaster- Origin ‘Astrum’, latin for star, disastro

‘ill-starred event’ implying a calamity due to

misalignment of stars.

Disasters have existed since ever the history of

mankind and have shaped the destiny and its

people.

Almost 30 million people are affected by disasters

every year.

Disaster

According to WHO

Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological

disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of

health services on a scale sufficient to warrant

an extraordinary responses from outside the

affected community area.”

Type of disasters

Based on origin/cause

Natural

Sudden impact or acute onset

Slow or chronic onset

Manmade (technological)

Sudden impact or acute

onset

Geological or climatic hazards Hurricanes/cyclones Tornadoes, Earthquakes Volcanoes, Floods Tsunamis, Wildfires Landslides, Avalanches

Epidemics Food, water, vector-born

diseases Person-to-person

transmission diseases

Slow or Chronic Onset

Disasters

Drought

Famine

Environmental degradation

Chronic exposure to toxic substances

Pest infestation

Man Made Disaster

Industrial/technological, Transportation (vehicular)

Deforestation, Material shortages

Biologic warfare /Bio-terrorism

Complex Emergencies

Wars and civil strife, Armed aggression, Insurgency

Other actions resulting in displaced persons and

refugees

Terrorist-perpetrated

Biological - Nuclear,

Chemical, Explosive

• Human-Generated Disasters

Levels of Disaster

Level 1 disaster ( massive )

This involves a massive level of damage with

severe impact on multistage scope.

Level 2 disaster:

Result in major presidential declaration with

moderate federal assistance.

Level 3 disaster:

Considered as a minor disaster.

Involves a minimal level of damage but could result

in presidential declaration of an emergency or a

disaster to meet basic needs.

Resources for disaster

Red cross

Community and local government

Civil defense services

Disaster preplanning

Hospital disaster planning

Evacuation

Orderly flow of casualty

Communication system

Disaster management

Aim-to provide prompt and effective medical care

to the maximum possible casualty in order to

minimize morbidity and mortality

Disaster management… Constitution of disaster management committee

Responsible for managing disaster situation, taking administrative decision and reviewing disaster plan and informing authorities

Disaster control room

Command nucleus: MS office

Rapid response team

Information and communication

Disaster beds

Logistic support systems

Blood bank

Training and drills

Activation of disaster management plan

Public relations

Essential services

Crowd management/security arrangement

Disposal of dead

Hospital disaster plan

Principles and legal aspects of

disaster nursing

All resources are to be brought close to the

disaster site

Principles of triage(choosing)

Urgent

Serious

Minimal injured

Health services for the non

injured

Public education and setting of reception centre

Fall out shelters and trenches

Welfare centres

Medical care centres

Standing medical orders

Initial treatment and medication for the expected

general ilness

Organisation of immunisation programs against

notifiable dieases

Responsibility for providing safe food

Prevention of epidemics

Safe food/water

Mx of sanitation, proper disposal of dead,

garbage etc, human waste, excreta,

Disinfection of living areas

Isolation of infected

Provision of necessary drugs

Quarantine of affected population