DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT

TOPIC:

MAN MADE DISASTERS

INTRODUCTIONWe are now living in a civilized society. The days of

illiteracy and ignorance have gone. Man has made much progress in the field of science and technology. Man has cut forests recklessly to clear the land for cultivation and along with this ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

has taken place, which also affects his life. Man is becoming his own enemy because he has also created

weapons of mass destruction and these weapons are used against humanity, which further brings sorrow, and

suffering to mankind.

WHAT IS A DISASTER?

“A DISASTER is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard

resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical

damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment.”

TYPES OF DISASTER

TYPES OP DISASTERS

MAN MADE DISASTERS

NATURAL DISASTERS

WHAT IS A MAN MADE DISASTER?

Q. What is a man -made disaster?

Man-made disasters are disasters resulting from man-made hazards (threats having an element of human

intent, negligence, or error; or involving a failure of a man-made system), as opposed to natural disasters

resulting from natural hazards. Man-made hazards or disasters are sometimes referred to as anthropogenic .

TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

• Nuclear Accidents• Chemical Disasters• Biological Disasters• Global Warming• Terrorist Attacks• Pollution• Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction.• Industrial Accidents

NUCLEAR ACCIDNETS

WHAT ARE NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS?

A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency as "an event that

has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility." Examples include lethal

effects to individuals, large radioactivity release to the environment, or reactor core melt." The prime

example of a "major nuclear accident" is one in which a reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of radioactivity are released, such as in the Chernobyl

Disaster in 1986.

PICTURES OF NUCLEAR DISASTERS

CASE STUDY: CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER OF 1986

• The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel.

• The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind – some

5200 PBq (I-131 eq).• Two Chernobyl plant workers died on the night of the accident, and a

further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation poisoning.

• UNSCEAR says that apart from increased thyroid cancers, "there is no evidence of a major public health impact attributable to radiation

exposure 20 years after the accident."• Resettlement of areas from which people were relocated is ongoing.• The Radiation was so worst that till the next 24,000 years the area has

to be abandoned for complete safety.

CHERNOBYL DISASTER

CHEMICAL DISASTERSA chemical accident is the unintentional release of one

or more hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment. Chemical hazards are systems where chemical accidents could occur

under certain circumstances. Such events include fires, explosions, leakages or releases of toxic or hazardous

materials that can cause people illness, injury, disability or death. An example is the introduction of hydrocarbon methyl that increases the risk of heart cancer because it changes the way blood cells flow

through the body

CHEMICAL DISASTERS

CASE STUDY: BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY

The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident in India, considered the world's worst industrial disaster. It occurred on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl Isocyanate gas and other chemicals. The toxic substance made its way in and around the shanty towns located near the plant.

BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY 1984

INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS

Q. What are Industrial Disasters?

Industrial disasters or accidents, which are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence or incompetence. They are a form

of industrial accident where great damage, injury or loss of life are caused. Other disasters can also be considered industrial disasters, if their causes are rooted in the products or processes of industry.

CASE STUDY: CHINA GAS WELL BLOWOUT

A gas well blowout in an underground well happened at 10:00 pm on Tuesday, 23 December. The disaster took place at Chuandongbei gas field in Gao Qiao

town in the north eastern part of Chongqing province and resulted in the release of natural gas and hydrogen

Sulphide, which is highly toxic when inhaled. The blowout - the worst of its kind in China's history - is

thought to be caused by a puncture to the highly pressurized gas well caused by drilling.

CASE STUDY: CHINA GAS WELL BLOWOUT; PICTURES

MITIGATION STRTERGIES FOR CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS

• Hazard Mapping: Inventories and maps of storage locations of toxins or hazardous substances along with

the possible characteristics should be displayed and known to all.

• Land Use Planning: Densely populated residential areas should be located at a distance from industrial areas. A

buffer zone should separate the industrial and the residential zone. Better Planning is Required to Handle the Waste that is planned before setting up any industry.

MITIGATION STRTERGIES FOR CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS

• Community Preparedness: The community should be aware of the hazardous installations and know how to combat the situation. The local community has to be informed about the response steps to be taken in case of an accident.

• Other Possible Risk Reduction Measures:- Improve fire resistance and warning systems.

- Limit Storage capacity of toxic substances. - Maintain a wind flow Diagram of the Region. Etc.

MITIGATION

CONCLUSIONSo at the End of the Slide we have learnt that what is a disaster, types of disasters, What are man made

disasters, Types of Man made disasters, Case studies of different man made disasters such as the

Chernobyl Disaster and the Bhopal Gas tragedy and Mitigation Strategies to be followed and how

to keep ourselves prepared for man-made disasters.

AND NOW , A VOTE OF THANKS TO OUR ESTEEMED AND HARDWORKING GROUP

MEMBERS

Varun Kakkar