disaster management in india by avk

8/9/2019 Disaster Management in India by avk

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disaster-management-in-india-by-avk 1/5

Disaster Management in India-Institutional Framework

A terminology developed by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) defines a disaster as “A serious disruption of thefunctioning of a community or a society involving idespread human! material!

economic or environmental losses and impacts! hich e"ceeds the ability of theaffected community or society to cope using its on resources#$ %he Disaster &anagement Act! ' defines a disaster as “a catastrophe! mishap! calamity or grave occurrence in any area! arising from natural or man made causes! or byaccident or negligence hich results in substantial loss of human sufferings or damage to! and destruction of property! or damage to! or degradation of!environment and is of such nature or magnitude as to be beyond the copingcapacity of the affected area$#

Disasters are divided into to categories# Natural Disaster and &an &adeDisasters# *arth+ua,es! floods! cyclones! tsunami and landslides - avalanches

are categori.ed under natural disasters as these are supposed to be due tonatural causes and not directly attributable to human actions although humanactivities are indirectly responsible for many of them by contributing in theenvironmental degradation# %he second category is the &an/&ade Disasters andincludes those types of disasters hich ta,e place directly due to human actions#%hese include nuclear disasters! chemical disasters and biological disasters#

India is a vast country ith diverse geographical and climatic conditionsand hence different parts are vulnerable to different types of disasters# As per National Disaster &anagement 0olicy! '1! 2#34 of the landmass is prone toearth+ua,es of varying intensity5 over 6 million hectares (7'4 of land) is prone

to floods and river erosion5 out of our 873 9m long coastline! about 8 9m isprone to cyclones and tsunamis5 324 of the cultivable land is prone to droughtand hilly areas are prone to landslides and avalanches# :urther! possibility of man made disasters li,e chemical! biological! radiological and nuclear disastersalso e"ists#

Disaster Management

Disaster management means a systematic response to a disaster# *arlier the approach to disaster as relief centric and as limited to providing relief tothe disaster affected area# :or the first time! the tenth five year plan devoted a

chapter to disaster management# %he approach subse+uently changed and pre/empting the disaster! assessing disaster ris, and ta,ing preventive measures hasalso become a part of disaster management# %he Disaster &anagement Act asnotified on '3th December ' hich defines disaster management as “acontinuous and integrated process of planning! organising! coordinating andimplementing measures hich are necessary or e"pedient for/prevention of danger or threat of any disaster5 mitigation or reduction of ris, of any disaster or its severity or conse+uences5 capacity building5 preparedness to deal ith any

http://indianewsandissues.blogspot.in/2013/10/disaster-management-in-india.html





disaster5 prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster5assessing the severity of magnitude of effects of any disaster5 evacuation! rescueand relief5 and rehabilitation and reconstruction#$ %he Act provided for adedicated and institutionali.ed frameor, to coordinate various aspects of disaster management# A National 0olicy on Disaster &anagement! hich

provided detailed guidelines on disaster management! as announced in '1#

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

%he Disaster &anagement A;%! ' provides for setting up of aNational Disaster &anagement Authority (ND&A) ith the 0rime &inister as;hairperson# Apart from him there are members hose number shall not e"ceednine# <ne of these can be nominated as =ice/;hairperson of the Authority#0resently! Sh#&# Shashidhar Reddy! a sitting member of Andhra 0radesh>egislative Assembly is the =ice/;hairman of the Authority# ND&A is responsiblefor laying don policies! plans and guidelines for disaster management for

ensuring timely and effective response to disaster#

ND&A is to be assisted by a National *"ecutive ;ommittee hichcomprises of Secretaries to the ?overnment of India heading various &inistriesor Departments having administrative control over Agriculture! Atomic *nergy!Defence! drin,ing ater supply! environment and forests! finance! health! poer!rural development! science and technology! space! telecommunication! urbandevelopment and ater resources# ;hief of the Integrated Defence Staff of the;hiefs of Staff ;ommittee is also a member of the *"ecutive ;ommittee#

National *"ecutive ;ommittee is responsible for preparing and updating a

National 0lan for disaster management# %he 0lan includes measures to be ta,enfor prevention of disasters or the mitigation of their effects5 measures to be ta,enfor the integration of mitigation measures in the development plans5 measures tobe ta,en for preparedness and capacity building to effectively respond to anythreatening disaster situation or disaster5 and defining the roles of variousdepartments in respect of these measures#

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)

%he Disaster &anagement Act ' also provides for setting up of StageDisaster &anagement Authorities under the ;hairpersonship of the ;hief &inister# State Authority is to be assisted by a State *"ecutive ;ommittee under the ;hairpersonship of the ;hief Secretary of the State# %he ;ommittee shallprepare a State 0lan hich ould include assessment of vulnerability of differentparts of the State to different forms of disasters5 measures to be adopted for prevention and mitigation of disasters5 capacity building5 and role of departmentsof State ?overnment# Apart from the planning aspect it is also involved in ta,ingup and supervising relief and rescue operations at the time of disaster and indisseminating information about any impending disaster#



District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)

%he structure of disaster management institutions goes don to thedistrict level here the responsibility is given to DD&A hich is headed by the

;ollector@District &agistrate ith elected representative of the local authority asco/chairperson# DD&A ill act as the planning! coordinating and implementingbody for disaster management at the district level# It ill prepare the District 0lanfor disaster management in accordance ith instructions by ND&A and SD&A#%he DD&A ill also ensure that the guidelines for prevention! mitigation!preparedness and response measures laid don by the ND&A and the SD&Aare folloed by all the Departments of the State ?overnment at the Districtlevel and the local authorities in the District# Local Authority

:or the purpose of disaster management! local authorities ould include0anchayati Ra institutions and those agencies hich control and manage civicservices# %hese bodies are re+uired to ensure capacity building of their employees for managing disasters and carrying out relief and reconstructionactivities in the affected areas#

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)

;apacity building is an important aspect of disaster management# %hisre+uires developing human resources to handle disaster management or, andunderta,e studies and research on the subect# Disaster &anagement Act gives

this mandate to the National Institute of Disaster &anagement# %he institute asformed as National ;entre for Disaster &anagement (N;D&) in 711 but as re/designated as National Institute of Disaster &anagement in ' after theenacting of the Disaster &anagement Act# %he institute is headed by the UnionBome &inister and =ice/;hairman! ND&A also acts as the =ice/0resident of theInstitute# Day to day or,s are loo,ed after by the *"ecutive Director# %heinstitute has five divisions i#e ?eo/Ba.ard Division5 Bydro/&et Ba.ard Division50olicy 0lanning and ;ross ;utting Issues Division5 Response Division5 and

Administrative and :inance Division#National Disaster Response Force(NDRF)

NDR: as constituted in '3 ith 2 battalions dran from theparamilitary forces# 0resently it has strength of 7 battalions# ?eneralsuperintendence of the force vests in ND&A and the force is headed by theDirector ?eneral of NDR: and ;ivil Defence# %hese battalions are positioned atdifferent locations to provide timely response to disaster situations and areavailable to State ?overnments at the time of need# %he force providesspeciali.ed response during disasters! is pro/actively deployed in impendingdisaster situations! imparts training to state disaster response force personnel



and conducts programmes for creating aareness and community capacitybuilding#

Integrated Data Resource Networ(IDRN)

Integrated Data Resource Netor, is a database in the electronic formmaintained by the &inistry of Bome Affairs# %he data enlists inventory of e+uipments and human resources relevant to disaster management#<rgani.ations related ith the or, update the inventory of e+uipments! s,illedhuman resources and critical supplies for emergency response# Idea is to ma,eavailable the information on availability of e+uipments and human resourcesre+uired to combat any emergency situation# %his database also helps the policyma,ers to assess the level of preparedness for specific vulnerabilities#

!ther Institutional arrangements• ;abinet ;ommittee on &anagement of Natural ;alamities (;;&N;) has

been constituted to oversee all aspects relating to the management ofnatural calamities#• National ;alamity ;ontingency :und (N;;:) as created in '/7 by

the ?ovt of India ith a corpus fund of Rs# crores ith an obective ofproviding assistance to disaster affected states# %he fund as replenishedith the National ;alamity ;ontingent Duty on certain items such astobacco products etc# and as operated through a Bigh >evel ;ommittee(B>;) hich had :inance &inister! as ;hairman and the Bome &inister!

Agriculture &inister - Deputy ;hairman! 0lanning ;ommission asmembers# Since '7! this find has been merged ith National DisasterResponse :und (NDR:) hich is also operated by a Bigh >evel

;ommittee ith similar composition#• Armed :orces are called upon to assist the civil administration only hen

the situation is beyond their coping capability# In practice! hoever! thearmed forces form an important part of the ?overnmentCs responsecapacity and are immediate responders in all serious disaster situations#%hey have played a maor role in emergency support functions li,ecommunication! search and rescue operations! medical facilities andtransportation#

• ;entral 0aramilitary forces also play a ,ey role at the time of immediate

response to disasters# esides contributing to the NDR:! they are alsore+uired to develop ade+uate disaster management capability ithin their

on forces and respond to disasters hich may occur in the areas herethey are posted#• State 0olice and :ire Services are crucial immediate responders to

disasters are re+uired to improve their response capabilities#• ;ivil Defence Act has been amended in '1 to bring disaster

management in the area of operation of civil defence agencies#• International agencies also play a role in disaster management# UND0

alongith ND&A too, up Disaster Ris, Reduction (DRR) and Urban Ris,



Reduction programmes# Eorld an, is associated ith National ;ycloneRis, &itigation 0roect (N;R&0) being ta,en up in Andhra 0radesh and<rissa# Red ;ross Society also provides valuable support during reliefoperations#

P

disaster management in india by avk

Documents