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Dirty Toys Made in China The Zhenyang Wanju Sweatshop Factory INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL LABOUR AND HUMAN RIGHTS December 2015 60 Boulevard of the Allies Pittsburgh, PA 15222 www.glhr.org

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1,800 Chinese workers produce toys for Disney, Mattel, Hasbro, and other international brands under harsh sweatshop conditions.

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  • Dir ty Toys Made in ChinaThe Zhenyang Wanju Sweatshop Factor yINSTITUTE FOR GLOBALLABOUR AND HUMAN RIGHTS

    December 201560 Boulevard of the AlliesPittsburgh, PA 15222www.glhr.org

  • Pr eface ..? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1

    Execut ive Sum m ar y ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .? ? ? 3Wor k Hour s ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ............? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ...5Wor k ing Condi t i ons ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .......? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 6 Injection Depar tment ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..7 Spray Paint and Pr inting ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..8 Assembly Depar tment ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .10The Hi r i ng Pr ocess ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .12Tem p and Student Wor ker s ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..? ? ? ? ? ..14Factor y Faci l i t i es ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ...? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .18Peak Season and Slack Season wages and hour s ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..26Toys and Global War m ing ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .? ? ? 29Inter v iew w i th a Zhenyang Wor ker ? ? ? ? ? ..? ? ? ? ? .? ? ? ? ? ? ? 30

    Addenda ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .......? ? ...............32

    Table of Contents

    Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights 60 Boulevard of the Allies, 6th Floor

    Pittsburgh, PA 15222

    Tel: (412) 562-2406 www.globallabourrights.org Email: [email protected]

    Author : Char les Kernaghan

    Research: U.S.: Barbara Br iggs, Cassie Lignell i , Shreya Raghuraman, Cassie Rusnak

    Chinese Researchers must r emain anonymous

    Repor t Design: Cassie Rusnak

  • Page

  • Page 1

    Some 1,800 Chinese workers in the Dongguan Zhenyang Wanju factory in Guangdong produce toys for Disney, Mattel , Hasbro and other international brands under harsh conditions, stripped of their rights, their dignity, their voice and basic just ice.

    Zhenyang?s workers have no choice but to toil 12-hour shif ts, day and night, including grueling mandatory overtime. Working conditions at Zhenyang are dangerous. Living conditions in the company?s dorms are crowded, dirty, insecure and f reezing in winter.

    Most importantly, the workers? right to organize an independent union is completely denied. For 30 years, these Chinese workers have had no legal rights.

    Can?t we do better?

    Children love their toys. But isn?t it also up to parents to ask where and under what conditions these toys are being made? Shouldn?t international powerhouses like Disney and Hasbro be accountable to assure that workers making their toys have their fundamental rights?

    It doesn?t have to be this way!

    Dirty Toys Made in ChinaThe Zhenyang Wanju Sweatshop Factory

    Preface

  • Page 2 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 3

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 3

    - The Dongguan Zhenyang Wanju Limited toy factory has over 1,000 employees, and around 800 temporary and student workers. Most are from Henan and Guangxi Provinces. There are a large number of workers who are under 18 years of age.

    - Right now, the company is producing for Disney, Hasbro, Mattel , Tomy, MGA Entertainment (Lalaloopsy brand), NSI Internat ional (Wubble Bubble) and others.

    - Zhenyang mainly manufactures Christmas toys, dol ls, infant and baby toys. Zhenyang has also developed its own toys, including a laser gun, baby rocker, water gun, a talking dol l and a toy oven.

    - Zhenyang is in the middle of the toy manufacturing peak season. Every day, the company tries to hire large numbers of workers. Since workers quit regularly, turnover at the factory is very high.

    - Workers are required to be between 16 and 30 years of age, and two-thirds are women. It is much easier for women to get work at Zhenyang. Male workers are only hired if they bring a female worker along with them.

    - Workers cannot have tat toos or colored hair, and must not have any disabil i t ies, especial ly of their hands.

    - New workers receive l i t t le or no t raining, even for work in dangerous departments.

    - Workers interviewed by our researchers identif ied many health hazards at Zhenyang. The factory has no health and safety committee.

    Dongguan Zhenyang Wanju L imited Company China

    December 9, 2015

    Executive Summary

  • Page 4 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 5

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 5

    Day and Night Shifts / FactoryRuns 24 Hours a Day

    Work Hours

    - In the injection department, the day shif t is 12 hours, f rom 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. The workers are allowed two 30-minute breaks: lunch at 11:00 a.m. and dinner at 5:30 p.m. The night shif t is also 12 hours, f rom 7:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. Workers on the night shif t receive no breaks and are not provided any food. They are allowed to bring their own snacks to work, but they must buy them at the company store. During the summer, excessive high temperatures in the production rooms often spoil the food. In the winter, it is so cold that the workers? food is never hot.

    - In other departments, shif ts can extend to 13 1/2 hours a day during peak season. Workers toil f rom 8:15 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., then from 2 p.m. to 5:45 p.m., and another three hours of overtime from 6:45 to 9:45 p.m.

  • Page 6 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 7

    Working Conditions

    Work in all of Zhenyang?s production departments is constant and fast. Pressure to produce and make quota is enormous. The workers say that ?Both hands must be constant ly moving.?

    Workers are required to work sitt ing down in all departments except for packing. They are not al lowed to move f rom their work stat ions or even to drink water. They have to get a special pass to use the bathroom, and each product ion l ine of 35 to 50 workers only has one pass.

    There are many heal th and safety problems at Zhenyang, often specif ic to the factory?s various production departments. The factory has no health and safety committee.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 7

    In the Inject ion Department, toys and toy parts are molded f rom molten plast ic.

    The injection molding machines are partially automated. Workers must be very careful handling the plastic toys and taking them out of the machines. When the plastic toys come out of the injection machines, they are scalding. But the workers are not allowed to wear gloves. They must wait for the products to cool off before taking them out of the mold.

    The quota for ?Wubble Bubble? balls is 960 balls a day per machine (for the two injection department workers who operate each machine). The Wubble Bubble ball products are very hot coming out of the mold. Some workers have purchased their own gloves to wear, but workers say that the gloves themselves are dangerous because threads on the gloves can get caught in the machine.

    The injection molding process also involves industrial alcohol which is used to clean the f inished products. Workers are given no protective gear for handling it.

    Injection molding scrap is taken from the production f loor to another workroom, which is very loud and has a lot of dust. But, the workers who work there only wear very f l imsy masks. They do not use earplugs and workers report that col leagues employed there for a long t ime have suf fered hearing loss.

  • Page 8 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 9

    The Spray Paint Department is located on the highest f loor of the building, and even with the windows wide open, i t is excessively hot .

    In the spray paint department, the workers do not always have fans. Nor do they have masks.

    The spray paint and printing workrooms are full of fumes. Spray paint and printing workers told our researchers that the paints they use have harmful chemicals, including alcohol , phenylenediamine, and sodium peroxide. Workers just start ing in this department of ten feel nauseous, dizzy, and have headaches. Some can?t take it , and apply to switch to a dif ferent department or just quit .

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 9

    Workers in these departments tend to be older. They are given physical exams, including blood tests and a chest X-ray, every six months at a nearby Xiekangman Clinic. (Workers in other departments do not receive medical exams.) The workers are not told the results of their exams.

  • Page 10 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 11

    In the Assembly Department, each product ion l ine is made up of between 35 and 50 people.

    The work stations and aisles are very crowded. There are piles of product in the f ire escape areas? a serious safety hazard. The assembly department and the warehouse also have locks on their f ire safety doors!

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 11

    The pressure to produce is enormous. Workers making laser guns and toy cars have an overall quota of 11,000 pieces per day! This quota is for a team of 36 workers. In essence, each worker has to complete 306 toys per day!

    Workers told us that the factory was working to complete a contract to produce 100,000 Disney dol ls! Two assembly lines each have to produce 1,200 Disney dol ls a day! One temp assembling the legs of the Disney doll described the dif f iculty of making the production goal. She had to make 2,400 legs a day (an average of 218 legs per hour). She said, ?You can?t take your eyes of f i t for a second.?

    Workers who meet their production quotas receive a bonus of 100 to 300 RMB ($15.71 to $47.13). But only a handful of workers can actual ly reach their monthly quotas. And, when workers hit the quota, the company increases it.

  • Page 12 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 13

    The Hiring Process- Since there is a high turnover rate,

    with many workers quitt ing the factory, management is always trying to hire new workers, especially in peak season.

    - Management hires workers at the main gate between 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. each day. The factory has also contracted with a staff ing company for temp and student workers.

    - All workers must undergo a physical exam. Workers say the exams are pretty sketchy. They say the clinic has poor facil it ies and is located in an isolated area. They must pay 40 RMB ($6.28 USD) for the exam.

    - The labor contract is just a sheet of blank paper. There is nothing on it , and workers are told to ?just sign it .?

    - During the hiring process, workers also must have their photos taken, for which they pay 10 RMB ($1.57 USD). They are also required to pay 5 RMB (79 cents US) for a bank card and a 20 RMB ($3.14) deposit for a cafeteria card in order to eat in the factory cafeteria.

    - Af ter a short t raining, workers are given their of f icial badges and sent to work. They have no idea what they are doing. This is a serious issue for workers who are in dangerous departments. (Workers are assigned their manufacturing departments. They are not allowed to choose their own department.)

    - Depending on senority, workers can receive 50 to 100 RMB ($7.85 to $15.71) a month for perfect attendance.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 13

    The Worker Agreement Form

  • Page 14 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 15

    - Students and temp workers are not provided with any t raining. They do not sign any forms. Like the regular workers, they toi l 12 hour shif ts.

    - The factory employs about 800 temp and student workers. The workers are disbursed among the inject ion molding, spray paint , print ing and assembly departments. Temps must be between 18 and 30 years of age. In general, the temps are al l female. A male worker may be accepted if he brings two female workers with him.

    Temp & Student Workers

    - Temps who do not work a full three months are required to pay a management fee of 300 RMB ($47.13)!

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 15

    - Male temp workers are paid 9.5 RMB ($1.49) per hour, while women earn 10 RMB ($1.52) an hour. Wages are paid weekly. Temps and student workers do not pay for food or housing at the factory.

    - Like permanent workers, temporary and student workers are forced to work grueling 12-hour day and night shif ts. Al l overt ime is obl igatory and sick leave is not al lowed.

    - Temps have no insurance, which is i l legal . Nor are temp workers paid overt ime wages!

    - Crooked temp agencies are common and? in addition to being forced to work excessive overtime? students who work during the summer as factory interns are often cheated of their wages.

    Also, workers who suffer work injuries at the factory may go uncompensated.

    Opposite page, from top :Workers enter the Zhanyang factory; temporary student workers are recruited for hire.

    Above:A young factory worker among piles of Hasbro toy boxes.

  • Page 16 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 17

    Test i m on y of a Studen tW or k er

    After a whi le, I got to know ever yone working on the l ine. The work was easier to take after getting to know some of the workers, especial ly some of the older men and women. Of this whole exper ience of working in Dongguan, the only thing I don?t r egret is meeting my fel low workers. They knew that the factor y gave us lousy food. So, ever y weekend they invi ted us to their houses for meals.

    "On day two, we star ted work. A mass of people ar r ived in the workshop.

    I was si tting at the work station and I felt ner vous. We were making a toy gun. My work involved doing quali ty control. Fir st I had to inspect a small piece, and then I had to put on some lubr icating oi l . By the end of the day, I was covered in oi l .

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 17

    In the end, the internship was over and we were paid our wages. We had been told befor e we ar r ived that food and dor m would be cover ed. But when i t cam e t im e to pay out our wages, we wer e i n for m ed that they would be deduct ing 120 RMB [$18.85] a m onth for dor m fees and 10 RMB [$1.57] a day for food . Total food and dorm deductions were 780 RMB [$122.55]. This was taken out of our meager wages."

  • Page 18 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 19

    Factory Facilities

    The Zhenyang factory has a total of f ive manufacturing buildings, each of them with f ive f loors. The f irst f loors of the manufacturing buildings are for the inject ion molding departments. Assembly and quality control take up the other f loors of the buildings.

    The work areas are very crowded. The stairwells up to the work rooms are narrow and get very crowded.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 19

    Only Building 3 and Building 5 have women's rooms.

    There are not nearly enough bathrooms.

  • Page 20 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 21

    There are also six worker dorm buildings with six f loors each. The male and female dorms are in the same buildings. People can freely come and go from the dorm buildings. But this can af fect the workers? safety and privacy.

    The top f loors are for married couples and management personnel. Mostly these f loors are reserved for managers and their families,not regular workers.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 21

  • Page 22 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 23

    There are no washing machines in the dorms. The bathrooms have basins where workers wash their clothes by hand and then hang them to dry.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 23

    Workers have found a water pipe spewing what they believe to be raw sewage from one of the factory buildings into a nearby stream. The discharge is yel low and has a putrid smel l .

  • Page 24 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 25

    There is no heat or air condit ioning in the Zhenyang factory or its dormitories. Guangdong can get cold in the winter (down to the 40s Fahrenheit ), especially from December through March.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 25

    Above: workers eating in the cafeteria.Previous page: workers are wearing coats in the factory and the cafeteria.

    Below: food served in the cafeteria; food garbage outside the cafeteria.

  • Page 26 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 27

    Peak Season Wages and Hours

    Forced and excessive overt ime is the norm. Workers cannot take sick leave. They are forced to work i l l . It is common for managers to shout at the workers. Workers report that bosses are often wildly aggressive and confrontational.

    Peak season runs f rom Apri l through October. During these seven months, the workers earn between 2,900 RMB ($455.55) and 3,500 RMB ($549.81) per month? or between $3,188.85 and $2,848.67 for the entire seven-month period.

    During peak season the workers are required to toil 11 hours a day (eight regular hours plus three hours overtime), six days a week for a work week of 66 hours. (Most workers receive one day off a week, generally Sundays.)

    Slack Season Wages and Hours

    Slack Season runs for f ive months, November through March. During slack season, the workers earn between 1,800 RMB ($282.76) and 2,500 RMB ($392.72) per month? or between $1,413.80 and $1,963.60 for the full f ive months.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 27

    Year ly Earnings All told, between the seven months peak season and f ive months of slack season, Zhenyang?s workers can earn between $4,602.65 and $5,812.27 a year.

    An average of: $88.51 to $111.77a week.

    $383.55 to $484.36a month.

    Overtime

    Under Chinese law, weekday overtime should be 1.5 times the ordinary rate of pay.

    Overtime worked during weekends should be paid at twice the hourly rate.

    At Zhenyang, permanent workers receive 13.02 RMB ($2.05) for overtime on week days and 17.36 RMB ($2.73) for weekend overtime. Despite working the same long overt ime hours, temp and student workers do not receive overt ime pay. They are paid at the same ordinary hourly rate for their overt ime hours.

    Permanent workers earn 8.68 RMB ($1.36) per hour. But every month management deducts 217 RMB ($33.99) f rom the workers? wages for:

    * Pension: 8% of wages, which theworkers are required to pay.

    * Unemployment Insurance: 0.5% of wages. * Medical Insurance: 1.5% of wages.

  • Page 28 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 29

    The top f loors are for married couples and management personnel. Mostly these f loors are reserved for managers and their families, not regular workers.

    One male worker has been at the Dongguan Zhenyang factory for two full years. Right now he earns a lot of overt ime? up to 3,000 RMB to 3,500 RMB ($471.26 to $549.81) per month. When management takes out his insurance, he is left with about 3,200 RMB ($502.68).

    He volunteers for a lot of overtime, when he can earn 13.02 RMB ($2.05) an hour, or double time on weekends for 17.36 RMB ($2.73) an hour. ?I also have a child,? he told us, ?and I pay for him? school tuition and more. I can skip meals, but I don?t want to deprive my child. At the end of the month, I don?t have much money left!?

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 29

    China is by far the world largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2), a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change. Between a f if th and a third of COs released in China comes from production for exports. And global warming emissions f rom export products made in China are of ten much greater than average emissions for the same product made in the U.S. or Europe. This is largely due to China?s reliance on dirty coal for energy.

    In fact, production of propylene, one of the materials used in many of Zhenyang?s plastic toys, releases an average of 18.4 t imes more carbon dioxide into the earth?s atmosphere when it is made in China than in Europe!

    ??while it might be cheaper to make things in China, the cost is more pollution than if goods were made elsewhere.?

    - New York Times, China?s Exports Are Closely Linked to Its Emissions? October 1, 2015

    The Haizhou coal mine in northeastern China. (Photo: NY Times/Getty Images)

    Toys and Global Warming

    Made in China

  • Page 30 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 31

    In ter v i ew w i th a W or k er at Zhen yan g

    ?People at the top don?t care about low-level workers. All they care about is getting the products out the door. They tell us: ?Why are you complaining? When you have to work overtime, you don?t want to. When there is no overtime, you complain to us again!?

    ?The managers are mean! They are insane. They freak out and scream at workers for the smallest things.

    ?Now it?s peak season and it is hard to take time off .

    ?If you take sick leave, they will cut your wages.

    ??Dark factories? are like this. We long term workers get 100 RMB [$15.71] a month in bonuses. But if the boss is angry, he will cancel the bonuses.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 31

    Last t ime, I put the packaging on a product backward and he cursed at me.

    ?Another manager said, ?I?m not saying that you?re sick in the head. Did you take your brain with you when you went out the door this morning? Do you have a brain at all? You?ve been here for months and you still put the packaging on the wrong way. It?s a wonder you?ve been able to live this long.?

    ?Even the boss can?t yell at people like that. He yells if we are slow, and he yells when we are fast. I don?t know what the hell he?s thinking.

    ?The manager screamed at a worker: ?You finished eating and you?re here to play, huh? The factory pays so much money to develop trash like you. You just come here to play. According to the managers, yelling at the workers is ?the natural thing they do.??

  • Page 32 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 33

    Addenda

    Dongguan Zhenyang Factory and its International Clients

    Chinese Production for Export and Global Warming

    Products Photographed in the Zhenyang Factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 33

    The factory is owned by the Hong Kong-based company Tai Nam.

    Tai Nam Industrial Co. Ltd. Units D-F, 26/F CDW Building 388 Castle Peak Road Tsuen Wan, New Territories, HONG KONG

    David Chu, Owner: Phone: +852-2411-0812 HC

    Dongguan Zhenyang Factoryand its International Clients

    Dongguan Zhenyang Wanju Jinlong Industrial Zone, Sanzhong, Qingxi Town, Dongguan, Guangdong

    The factory is also referred to as: Dongguan Yangwanju, Yang Town Toy Co. (Dongguan), Town Yang Toy Co. (Dongguan), Dongguan Jauntiway Toys Co. (Cantonese variant of name), Jauntiway Toys Dongguan. ?wanju? means ?toys?)

  • Page 34 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 35

    Zhenyang's International Clients

    Disney

    500 S Buena Vista St Burbank, CA 91521 Phone: (818) 560-1000 Fax: (818) 560-1930 Robert A Iger, Chairman and CEOLeslie Ferraro, President, Disney Consumer ProductsEmail: [email protected]

    Jakks Pacif ic (Licensee for Disney)2951 28th StSanta Monica, CA, 90405 Phone: (424) 268-9444 Stephen G. Berman, President and CEOAnne-Marie Feliciano, Corporate Communications Disney/Jakks toys produced at Zhenyang: Disney ?Frozen? Elsa?s Musical Snow Wand and others.

    Hasbro, Inc.

    1027 Newport Avenue Pawtucket, RI 02862 Phone: 401-727-5401 Brian Goldner, Chairman and CEO

    Hasbro toys produced at Zhenyang: Nerf ?Super Soaker Scatter Blast,? Nerf ?Vortex Proton Blaster? squirt guns and Angry Birds ?Star Wars Han Solo Launcher toy pellet gun.

    MGA Entertainment (Lalaloopsy) 16300 Roscoe Blvd., Suite 150 Van Nuys, CA 91406 Phone: (818) 894-2525 Isaac Larian, CEOInternational Distributor:Headstart International Pty Ltd.Phone: +61 3 9862 9600

    MGA Lalaloopsy toys produced at Zhenyang: Lalaloopsy Minis Super Silly Party Musical Cake Playset, Lalaloopsy Light Up Pony, Lalaloopsy Potty Surprise.

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 35

    NSI Internat ional (Wubble Bubble)12 West 27 Street 5th FloorNew York, NY 10001 Phone: 888-425-9113Email: [email protected] www.nsi-intonline.com

    NSI Toys produced at Zhenyang: Wubble Bubble ball (in blue, red, pink, green and glow-in-the-dark)

    Simba Dickie Group(Smoby)Werkstrae 1 D-90765 Frth GERMANY Phone +49 (0) 911 9765-01 Email: [email protected] simba-dickie-group.de Michael Sieber, CEO

    Simba Dickie/Smoby toys produced at Zhenyang: Smoby ?Cars? WPG Workbench, Smoby ?Black + Decker? Power Jigsaw, "Hello Kitty" Cheftronic Kitchen.

    Ludendo, SA(Wonder Maman, Wonder Mom) 27 Boulevard Poissonniere Paris 75002 FRANCE Phone: +33-164-6165Fax: +33-480-187900Email: [email protected] www.ludendo.com Jean-Michel Grunberg, President and CEODaniel Velasco, Managing Director

    Ludendo Wonder Maman toys produced at Zhenyang: Lucas, mon hochet chat (?Lucas, my cat?) baby rattle

    Mattel , Inc.

    333 Continental BoulevardEl Segundo, CA 90245-5012Phone: 310-252-2000www.corporate.mattel.com

    According to Zhenyang workers, Mattel toys are regularly produced in the factory.

  • Page 36 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 37

    Chinese Production for Expor t and Global Warming

    A paper published this week in the journal Nature Climate Change bui lds on r esearch into how m uch of China?s car bon diox ide pol l u t i on i s cr eated by m ak ing goods for ex por t . The answer i s a l ot : About a f i f t h to a th i r d of such em issions f r om China cam e f r om m ak ing ex por ts, according to ear l ier studies. The new paper adds detai l to that r esearch and concludes that whi le i t m ight be cheaper to m ake th ings i n China, the cost i s m or e pol l u t i on than i f t he goods wer e m ade el sewher e.?

    ? ?China?s expor ts account for a large amount of greenhouse gases not just because the countr y

    happens to make so much for foreign markets, but also because so many of t hose ex por ts have been m ade by using r elat ively di r t y pr ocesses and by bur n ing so m uch coal , the r esearchers say.?

    ? ?The authors say China?s expor ts entai l signi f icantly more emissions than i f the same goods were made in Europe. Mak ing a r ange of pr oducts l i ke steel , alum inum and pr opylene in China r esul t s i n an aver age of 4.4 t im es m or e car bon diox ide em issions than i f t he sam e pr oducts wer e m ade in the Eur opean Union , they say.

    Dirty Toys

    China is by far the world?s largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2), a powerful greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and climate change. And, between a f i f th and one-third of CO2 released in China comes from product ion of exports. In fact, CO2 emissions from China?s exports are often much greater than for the same products made in the U.S. or Europe. This is largely due to China?s reliance on dirty coal for energy. Toys made at the Zhenyang Wanju toy factory in China provide a good example. Propylene is one of the ingredients in the plastic used in many of the toys made at Zhenyang. Propylene production in China releases 18.4 t imes more global warming COs on average than propylene produced in the European Union! Production of another common plastic, ABS (acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) in China results in an average of 3.2 t imes the carbon dioxide emissions into the earth?s atmosphere.

    - New York Times, ?China?s Expor ts are Closely Linked to Its Emissions,?October 1, 2015

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 37

    China? EU? Rat io

    Intensit ies l isted are

    Flat glass production 2.55 1.05 2.43

    Crushed limestone 4.53 1.81 2.50

    Propylene 21.2 1.15 18.43

    ABS 11.6 3.63 3.20

    Copper concentrate 0.436 0.357 0.43

    Steel by electricity 5.23 3.62 1.44

    Steel production 5.68 1.97 2.88

    Cast iron production 5.45 1.31 4.16

    Aluminium ingot 68.4 10.4 6.58

    Cast iron production 5.45 1.31 4.16

    Pig iron production 3.23 1.34 3.23

    Iron sinter production 1.89 0.331 5.71

    Magnesium alloy 34.3 11.5 2.98

    Anode slime copper 4.82 3.4 1.42

    Water production 0.00196 0.0003 6.53

    Table 1: Life cycle carbon emission intensity for 15products from China and EU

    Source: Nature Climate Change, September 2015 http:/ /www.nature.com/nclimate/ journal/ vaop/ncurrent/ f ig_tab/nclimate2800_T1.html

  • Page 38 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 39

    Hasbro (Nerf)

    Ner f Super SoakerScatter Blast

    Product Number :28498

    Manufacturer :Hasbro

    Photo from theZhenyang factory

    Products in the Zhenyang Factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 39

    Ner f Vor tex Proton BlasterProduct Number :32214

    Manufacturer :Hasbro

    Photos from the packaging department and assembly line in the Zhenyang factory

  • Page 40 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 41

    Walmart - $21.99Amazon - $19.99

    Angr y Bir ds Star WarsHan Solo LauncherProduct Number :A2631

    Manufacturer :Hasbro

    Photos from the Zhenyang factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 41

    Disney / Jakks Pacific

    Kohls - $39.99 Toys R Us - $12.99 Walmart - $8.69 Target - $7.99Kmart - $14.99Kmart Australia - $15.00

    Disney FrozenElsa's MusicalSnow Wand

    Product Number :68164

    Manufacturer :Jakks Paci f ic

    Photo from the Zhenyang factory

  • Page 42 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 43

    Wubble Bubble (by NSI International)

    Photos from the packing departmentin Zhenyang factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 43

    Target - $19.99 Toys R Us - $19.99 Sears - $29.99 Boscov's - $19.99Michaels - $24.99Wubble Bubble - $19.99

    Wubble BubbleProduct Numbers:72051 - 72056, 72281, 72280

    Manufacturer :NSI International

    Photos from the packing department in the Zhenyang factory

  • Page 44 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 45

    Lalaloopsy (by MGA Entertainment)

    Worker trimming plastic Lalaloopsy cakesin the Zhenyang factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 45

    Target - $39.99 Toys R Us - $39.99 Walmart - $39.67 Target Australia - $59.00Amazon - $34.99

    Mini Lalaloopsy Super Si l ly Musical Cake Par ty

    Product Number :535812

    Manufacturer :MGA Enter tainment

    Photos from the packing department in the Zhenyang factory

  • Page 46 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 47

    LalaloopsyLight Up Ponies

    Product Number :524694

    Manufacturer :MGA Enter tainment

    Target - $14.19 Amazon- $14.48

    Lalaloopsy (by MGA Entertainment)

    Photo from the Zhenyang factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 47

    Toys R Us - $29.99 Walmart - $824.88Target - $24.99Kmart - $29.99Amazon - $24.88

    Lalaloopsy BabiesPotty Surpr ise Doll

    Product Number :535737

    Manufacturer :MGA Enter tainment

    Photo from the assembly department in the Zhenyang factory

  • Page 48 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 49

    Battat

    Target - $30.99Amazon - $39.95Kmart Australia - $39.00

    Li l ' Woodzeez Happy Camper

    Product Number :6116D

    Manufacturer :Battat

    Photos from the Zhenyang factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 49

    Hello Ki ttyCheftronicKitchen

    Manufacturer :Smoby

    Smoby (Simba-Dickie Group)

    Photos from the Zhenyang factory

  • Page 50 December 2015Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 51

    "Cars" WGPWorkbench

    Manufacturer :Smoby

    Smoby (Simba-Dickie Group)

    Photos from the Zhenyang factory

  • Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights Page 51

    Wonder Maman (Ludendo, SA)

    La Grande Rcr - 7,95 ? FNAC - 8,70 ?

    Lucas, mon hochet chat

    Translates to "Lucas, mycat rattle"

    Manufacturer :Ludendo, SA

    Photos from the Zhenyang factory