directorate of economics and statistics

DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS

WELCOMES YOU

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Paper on Birth and Death

Registration Statistics-Compilation of Indicators

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jatasya hi dhruvo mrtyur dhruvam janma mrtasya ca tasmad apariharye 'rthe na tvam socitum arhasi

For “one who has taken his birth, death is certain”; and for one who is dead, birth is certain. Therefore, in the unavoidable discharge of your duty, you should not lament.

Chapter 2 , Verse 27

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Birth and Death are the two events that make the man’s entry into and exit from the world. It is natural to see a smiling face on birth and wry face on death. However man being intellectual wants to be his life enclosed by these events as comfortable as possible and all his actions are more or less centered towards to this aim only. It is also the basic duty of a welfare state.

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Demography is the science which deals with all the problems related to man’s existence in the world viz., Population, its size, growth, distribution, migration etc. The chief sources of demography are Vital Statistics and Census. While the former are being collected on continuous basis by the implementation of the RBD Act. 1969, the latter by conducting decennial census throughout the country under the overall co-ordination of Registrar General and Census Commissioner, GOI.

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History and Background

Erstwhile state of Mysore was one of the earliest states in India which introduced statutory registration of births and deaths, at about the beginning of the 20th century. In old Mysore areas, the registration of births and deaths was being done by the village officers. With the reorganization of the States in 1956, registration of births and deaths was being effected in different parts of the State under different Acts in force in the erstwhile States of old Mysore, Bombay, Hyderabad, Madras and Coorg. The registration of births and deaths was fairly satisfactory.

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Civil Registration System

The Registration of Births & Deaths(RBD) Act, 1969 came into force in the State with effect from 1st April 1970. The Karnataka Registration of Births & Deaths(KRBD) Rules, 1970 were framed and notified by the Government of Karnataka on 15th Dec 1970, and were effective from 1st January 1971. KRBD rules subsequently were amended in December 1999, as per the instructions of Registrar General, India. Revamped system of Registration of Births & Deaths is in force in Karnataka from 1st January 2000.

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Karnataka

Geographical area =1.92 lakh sq.kms,

5.05% of the country's total population.

District = 30 Taluks = 176 ( in 000’s)

Census 2011 (Provisional)

Population Male Female Total

Total 31058 30073 61131

Sex Ratio=968 Sex Ratio ( 0-6age group) = 946 Literacy Rate= 75.60

Density of Population = 319 per sq.km.

No. of registration units:- Urban= 406 Rural = 28312

Total = 28718 units 8

Sources of Data Collection

The main sources for data on vital events in the

country as well as below national level are

Population Census, Sample Registration

System (SRS) and Civil Registration System

(CRS).

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Population Census:

The Population Census provides information on population and its other characteristics.

The census being a decennial exercise does not provide the measure of population change from year to year.

The measures of fertility and mortality derived from the census are centred on the mid-point of the decade and as such do not provide annual change.

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Sample Registration System(SRS):

SRS has been designed to provide reliable estimates at National and State Level.

Due to requirement of large sample size and variety of resultant factors such as controlling of non-sampling errors etc., the possibility of getting robust estimates of vital rates at District and Taluk level on annual basis through sample survey is not possible.

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What is SRS ?The field investigation consists of continuous enumeration of births and deaths in selected sample units by resident part time enumerators, generally anganwadi workers & teachers, and an independent survey every six months by SRS supervisors.

The data obtained by these two independent functionaries are matched.

The unmatched and partially matched events are re-verified in the field and thereafter an unduplicated count of births and deaths is obtained.

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The sample unit in rural areas is a village or a segment of it, if the village population is 2000 or more.

In urban areas, the sampling unit is a census enumeration block with population ranging from 750 to 1000.

In Karnataka, SRS is operational in 480 sample units(330 rural and 150 urban) and covers about 4.39 lakh population.

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Civil Registration System (CRS)

CRS is thus the only source for providing vital rates at district and taluk level.

CRS can provide these rates at all administrative levels.

CRS may be defined as a continuous permanent and compulsory recording of the occurrence and characteristics of vital events as derived in and as provided through a decree or regulation in accordance with the legal requirements of a country.

In India, the CRS covers events of births and deaths only.

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The registration records are serving twin objectives, primarily useful for their value as legal documents and secondarily as a source of vital statistics.

Civil Registration as a source of vital statistics is relatively inexpensive, as the statistics generated from the registration records are the by-products of an essential administrative process.

The registration records can also generate current and continuous statistics, which can be more accurate than any other method of data collection.

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• However, the reliability of the statistics obtained through the registration system depends much on the completeness and promptness with which events are registered and the accuracy of the information in the registration records.

• The improvement in the system of registration of births and deaths is critically dependent on how much importance is attached to the data on births and deaths by the respective administrative units at different levels.

• Besides, the level of awareness among the public about the utility of birth / death certificate also plays a crucial role.

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(a). Fertility Indicators:

The Fertility Indicators helps to measure the changes

in the level of fertility during the previous period. The

component of Fertility Indicators are Crude Birth

Rate(CBR), General Fertility Rate(GFR), Age Specific

Fertility/Marital Fertility Rates, Total Fertility/Marital Fertility

Rates and Gross Reproduction Rates.

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Crude Birth Rate(CBR):CBR is the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate.

Crude Birth Rate = Number of Live Births during a year x 1000 Mid-Year Population

Mid-year Population = Population, at the mid-point of the year, this is, on 1st July, of a year.

The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.

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KARNATAKAANDHRA PRADESH KERALA

TAMIL NADU INDIA

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

19.2 20.2 17.5 17.9 18.3 16.7 14.8 14.8 14.8 15.9 16.0 15.8 22.1 23.7 18.0

Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010

Year : 2010

Crude Birth Rate(CBR):

The above table indicates that the CBR of Karnataka is below the All India figure. The Karnataka’s CBR is on the higher side as compared with the other southern states.

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General Fertility Rate(GFR):GFR is a refined measure of fertility, defined as the number of live births per thousand women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years, is a useful tool for measuring fertility. Year : 2010

KARNATAKAANDHRA PRADESH KERALA TAMIL NADU INDIA


68.1 73.2 59.7 62.2 64.8 56.5 52.8 53.0 52.5 56.8 58.7 54.5 83.9 91.9 64.0


In this table also it can be seen that the GFR of Karnataka is below the All India figure. The Karnataka’s GFR is on the higher side as compared with the other southern states. Further the sectorwise comparison of the above table reveals that the General Fertility Rate among the southern states are on the lower side as compared to the All India level.

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Age Specific Fertility Rate(ASFRs):ASFR which relates to Age of women is an important factor affecting the fertility levels. On the basis of data on births to women by specific age groups in the reproductive span 15-49 years, ASFR has been calculated.

Year : 2010

ASFR KARNATAKAANDHRA

PRADESH KERALA TAMIL NADU INDIA


15-19 41.2 48.9 26.8 45.9 54.2 26.6 19.4 20.4 16.6 20.1 24.5 14.0 37.2 43.1 19.6

20-24 186.4 214.2 140.2 197.8 216.4 158.4 135.5 134.9 137.4 154.3 168.1 136.4 198.6 218.5 147.3

25-29 119.9 119.3 120.8 90.3 84.4 102.2 131.6 129.9 136.8 117.8 115.0 121.1 156.8 167.5 132.9

30-34 34.8 30.7 41.7 22.3 20.3 26.9 53.9 53.9 54.0 37.9 33.4 43.3 66.0 70.1 56.2

35-39 12.7 11.9 14.0 4.5 4.4 4.7 14.0 14.4 12.5 10.3 8.2 12.8 29.7 34.5 18.1

40-44 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.1 1.8 0.2 9.3 11.6 3.8

45-49 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.9 5.2 1.0


The above data reveals that fertility in all the age groups is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The fertility reaches the peak in the age group 20 – 24 years and declines thereafter, irrespective of the place of residence.It can be seen from the above table that ASFR of Karnataka is less than that of the All India except for the age group 15 – 19 years.

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Total Fertility Rate(TFR) : TFR is the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age.

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country.

A rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population, resulting in relative stability in terms of total numbers. Rates above two children indicate populations growing in size and whose median age is declining.

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ITEMKARNATAKA

ANDHRA PRADESH KERALA TAMIL NADU INDIA


TFR 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.8 1.9

Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to enter the labor force.


Rates below two children indicate populations decreasing in size and growing older. Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years. Year : 2010

It can be seen from the above table that the total and sector wise TFR in respect of the southern states is less than that of the All India figure. Further TFR in respect of Kerala remains at 1.8 both at the Rural and Urban sectors respectively.

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Gross Reproduction Rate(GRR):GRR measures the average number female children a woman is expected to give birth during her entire reproductive span conforming to the Age Specific Fertility Rates(ASFRs) for a given year, if there is no mortality.

ITEM KARNATAKAANDHRA



GRR 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.9

Year : 2010


The above table depicts that the GRR of Southern states are on the lower side as compared to the All India figure. Karnataka’s GRR is on the higher side as compared to the other southern states in respect of total wise as well as sector wise.

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Total Marital Fertility Rates(TMFRs):TMFRs is the cumulative value of Age Specific Marital Fertility Rates(ASMFRs) at the end of the reproductive period. It indicates the average number of children expected to be born per married woman during the entire span of her reproductive period, if the ASMFRs continues to be the same and if there is no mortality.Year : 2010




TMFR 3.8 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.9 3.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.4 4.5 3.8


The above table reveals that the ASMFRs of all the southern states is less as compared to All India Figure. This indicates that the average number of children expected to be born per married woman during the entire span of female reproductive period is lesser than the All India level.

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Percentage distribution of Live Births by Order:This information pertains to the order of the live birth and interval between current and previous live births. This provide useful information on spacing of children and level of fertility.Year : 2010




1 48.7 47.4 51.5 53.8 53.5 54.6 50.7 50.2 52.2 52.4 49.9 55.6 41.5 39.5 48.6

2 33.7 33.3 34.5 37.4 37.9 36.2 36.9 36.5 38.1 37.4 37.0 37.9 30.5 30.1 31.9

3 11.4 12.4 9.4 7.0 7.2 6.6 10.0 10.7 8.1 8.4 10.5 5.6 14.3 15.1 11.5

4+ 6.2 6.9 4.7 1.7 1.4 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.7 1.9 2.7 0.9 13.7 15.3 8.0

The above table on the percentage live births by order indicates that the there is vide difference in the order of the live birth and interval between current and previous live birth between the southern states and All India.


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Percentage distribution of Current live births by birth interval(in months):Birth Interval : The percentage distribution of second and higher order live births by interval between current and previous live birth. The data reveals about the spacing of the children.

Year : 2010

Months KARNATAKA ANDHRA PRADESH KERALA TAMIL NADU INDIA


10-12 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.9 1.2 0.4 1.6 1.6 1.2

12-18 9.7 10.3 8.2 11.8 11.8 12.0 4.9 4.8 5.0 11.7 12.3 10.8 10.4 10.5 9.8

18-24 19.9 21.9 15.5 20.7 20.1 22.1 9.8 10.1 9.0 18.7 20.1 16.7 15.9 16.3 14.1

24-30 21.6 23.3 17.8 20.7 22.0 17.3 11.8 11.5 12.8 17.0 19.0 14.0 18.7 19.4 15.9

30-36 12.3 13.0 10.8 11.7 12.1 10.8 10.5 10.9 9.4 11.6 12.0 11.1 12.3 12.7 10.6

36+ 35.8 30.9 46.7 34.0 32.8 37.2 62.8 62.5 63.8 40.0 35.4 47.0 41.2 39.5 48.4


The above table indicates that the percentage distribution of live births by spacing between two children is higher for the interval of 36+ in all the southern states as compared to All India figure. Kerala state has the highest percentage spacing in the age group of 36+ as compared to other states and all India figure. The percentage distribution of current live births by birth interval in months is very less for the interval 10-12 in the southern states as compared to All India figure.

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Mortality Indicators:

Mortality is one of the basic components of population change and related data is essential for demographic studies and public health administration. It is the principal ingredient for population projections and life tables. The various measures of mortality are Crude Death Rate(CDR), Under five Mortality Rate(U5MR), Infant Mortality Rate(IMR) and its components viz., Age Specific Mortality Rate(ASMR), Still Birth Rate(SBR) and Peri-Natal Mortality Rate(PMR).

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Crude Death Rate(CDR):CDR is the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate.

Crude Death Rate = Number of Deaths in a year x 1000 Mid-Year Population

Mid-year Population = Population, at the mid-point of the year, this is, on 1st July, of a year.

The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth.

This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.

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ITEMKARNATAKA

ANDHRA PRADESH KERALA TAMIL NADU INDIA


CDR 7.1 8.1 5.4 7.6 8.6 5.4 7.0 7.1 6.7 7.6 8.2 6.9 7.2 7.7 5.8

Year : 2010


The above table reveals that in Karnataka, Death Rate in the Rural Sector is on the higher side as compared to the All India figure. Kerala and Tamil Nadu shows a higher death rate in Urban Sector as compared with the Urban figure of the All India.

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Percentage of Infant Deaths to Total Deaths: This provides the percentage share of infant deaths to total deaths sector wise.




Percentage of Infant deaths to total deaths 10.4 10.9 9.1 10.6 10.8 10.1 2.8 3.0 2.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 14.5 15.8 9.7

Year : 2010


The above table depicts that the Percentage of Infants Deaths to Total Deaths in respect of southern states is on the lower side as compared to the All India Figure.Kerala records the lowest percentage of infant deaths to total deaths.

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KARNATAKAANDHRA



Percentage of Early Neo-natal Mortality

rate 56.2 59.3 46.3 52.0 56.3 35.1 38.7 40.8 30.0 55.9 58.1 52.6 53.9 54.6 49.6

Year : 2010


Early Neo-Natal Mortality Rate:The number of infant deaths less than seven days of life per thousand live births forms an important component of Infant Mortality Rate and more specifically of the neo-natal mortality rate.

From the above table, Early Neo-Natal Mortality Rate in the Urban Sector is on the lower side as compared to the All India Figure, where as in the All Karnataka and Rural Sector of Karnataka it is on the higher side. Special mention has to be made in respect of Kerala State where the Early Neo-Natal Mortality Rate is on the lower side as compared to the All India figure.

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Under Five Mortality Rate(U5MR):The Under Five Mortality Rate for Karnataka and India are provided below. At the National level, under five mortality rate is estimated at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural area and 38 in urban area. Karnataka’s U5MR is much better as compared to national level with 45 at the State level and 49 and 36 at the rural and urban sector respectively.Year : 2010




U5MR 45 49 36 48 53 36 15 16 12 27 30 24 59 66 38


The U5MR of the southern states are on the lower side as compared with the All India Figure.

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Where we are as per 4th MDG?

The fourth Millennium Development Goal(MDG) aims to reduce mortality among children under five by two-thirds. India’s Under Five Mortality (U5MR) declined from 125 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 74.6 per 1,000 live births in 2005-06. U5MR is expected to further decline to 70 per 1,000 live births by 2015. This means India would still fall short of the target of 42 per 1,000 live births by 2015. In view of these statistics, child survival in India needs sharper focus. This includes better managing neonatal and childhood illnesses and improving child survival, particularly among vulnerable communities. Survival risk remains a key challenge for the disadvantaged who have little access to reproductive and child health services. Major states in the heartland of India are likely to fall significantly short of these targets, by more than 20 points.

Key to significant progress in reducing U5MR and infant mortality rates rests with reducing neonatal deaths, that is, infant deaths that occur within a year of birth at a fast pace.

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Where we are as per 4th MDG?

From a Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 437 per 100,000 live births in 1990-91, India is required to reduce MMR to 109 per 100,000 live births by 2015. Between 1990 and 2006, there has been some improvement in the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) which has declined to 254 per 100,000 live births as compared to 327 in 1990. However, despite this progress, India is expected to fall short of the 2015 target by 26 points. Safe motherhood depends on the delivery by trained personnel, particularly through institutional facilities. However, delivery in institutional facilities has risen slowly from 26 percent in 1992-93 to 47 percent in 2007-08. Consequently, deliveries by skilled personnel have increased at the same pace, from 33 percent to 52 percent in the same period. By 2015, it is expected that India will be able to ensure only 62 percent of births in institutional facilities with trained personnel. Thus, universal coverage remains to be achieved.

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Infant Mortality Rate(IMR): IMR is the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. Infant Mortality Rate =Death of a Child of less than one year old in a year x 1000 Number of live births during the yearThis rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.

Year : 2010




IMR 38 43 28 46 51 33 13 14 10 24 25 22 47 51 31


The above table reveals that the IMR of all the southern states except Urban Andhra Pradesh, the IMR rate is on the lower side as compared to All India. A complete CRS is the only source to yield number of infant deaths at all administrative levels including Districts / Sub-districts. SRS is another source for providing number of infant deaths, is not designed to give reliable estimates below the State level.

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Statistical Reports:

Registration of Births and Deaths is constantly generating statistical information at the local level. The information contained in the Reporting Forms is consolidated in the Chief Registrar’s Office. Every Chief Registrar is required to submit an Annual Report on the working of the Act and a Statistical Report to the State Government by July and December respectively of the following year to which the report relates. The Chief Registrar’s are also required to send a copy of these reports to the Registrar General, India.

Based on the information available in the Reporting Forms the Annual Statistical Report has been prepared annually. Some tables of the report contains information for Districts with rural-urban and sex-wise break-up. Therefore, this special report has been prepared by compiling this information. Keeping in view the importance and use of the data on registered births and deaths, this report provides the District-wise registered births and deaths along with infant deaths with sex-wise and rural-urban break-up of registered events for the period 2001-10.

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A Brief Analysis of Data on Registered Births, Deaths and Infant Deaths

Births and Deaths are the two most important vital events. The basic statistics on births and deaths registered have been used to generate vital rates and some other related important indicators and the summary results are presented in Statements.

The comparison of this data with SRS data brings out the coverage of CRS.

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However, while interpreting the comparison it should be borne in mind that the registration of births and deaths is carried out at the place of occurrence of the event whereas the vital rates based on SRS are generated based on place of usual residence of mothers / deceased (as the case may be) irrespective of the place of occurrence of events. It is also important to mention that the registration data, at present, is deficient not only in terms of non-registration of events but also with regard to non-reporting by the local registration units to the District Registrar’s Office.

A brief description and general findings based on these statements are given in the following paragraphs.

Number of births and deaths registered in the state for the years 2001 to 2010 are presented in Statement-1.

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Year Births Deaths Year Births Deaths

2001 1017224 365181 2006 1046531 387604

2002 973653 355662 2007 1046424 381890

2003 1001749 359661 2008 1082450 372062

2004 988520 343644 2009 1076383 373290

2005 1007868 364415 2010 1071518 381743

Statement 1 : Number of Births and Deaths Registered in Karnataka, 2001 – 2010

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Although the number of registered births and deaths has shown a

overall increasing trend, however, in some intervening years with a

fluctuating trend over these years. The number of registered births

has increased from 9.73 lakhs in 2002 to 10.8 lakhs in 2008. Except

for the years 2002, 2009 and 2010, the increase has been gradual in

the remaining years. The decline during these years was on account

of non-availability of information on registration of vital events in most

of the districts during the year. Similarly, the number of registered

deaths has increased from 3.5 lakhs in 2000 to 3.7 lakhs in 2001.

Increase in death registration has been noticed from the years 2004 to

2006. Chart 1 and 2 further highlights the pattern in number of

registered births and deaths from 2001 to 2010.

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Chart 1 : Number of Registered Births, 2001 – 2010

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Chart 2 : Number of Registered Deaths, 2001-2010.

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Statement : Number Infants Deaths Registered – 2001 - 2010

Sl. No. Karnataka/District 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

KARNATAKA 7821 9868 10063 9767 9069 10304 11726 12421 13394 13199

1 Bagalkote 145 156 301 201 179 862 242 359 451 376

2 Bangalore 1881 2477 1826 2545 1577 1396 1313 1443 1678 1811

3 Bangalore Rural 41 171 267 166 162 75 85 105 48 65

4 Belgaum 443 323 500 303 304 632 751 1465 1062 1014

5 Bellary 410 432 460 469 511 472 761 809 719 668

6 Bidar 145 138 173 130 150 101 137 173 128 142

7 Bijapur 174 346 303 313 390 151 294 333 328 489

8 Chamarajanagar 53 84 245 161 152 137 200 149 109 103

9 Chikkaballpur 50 177 103

10 Chikmagalur 164 289 189 244 250 120 166 166 190 154

11 Chitradurga 237 310 314 305 289 160 374 256 238 236

12 Dakshina Kannada 435 423 445 490 538 787 697 800 681 563

13 Davanagere 206 350 362 358 357 603 508 672 911 771

14 Dharwad 461 433 454 514 504 563 1168 1325 1560 1458

15 Gadag 125 210 137 196 199 273 370 403 431 294

16 Gulburga 386 392 449 279 298 407 372 357 507 511

17 Hassan 154 269 312 252 250 169 187 209 269 210

18 Haveri 120 236 241 211 207 182 135 124 109 81

19 Kodagu 34 58 74 44 38 87 87 110 66 77

20 Kolar 236 302 279 267 265 361 311 184 149 87

21 Koppal 131 146 153 176 181 169 148 151 166 133

22 Mandya 122 255 217 228 150 104 438 347 246 335

23 Mysore 681 621 930 495 671 685 1257 1264 1611 1419

24 Raichur 195 265 200 184 199 248 209 223 318 710

25 Ramanagar - - - - - - - 24 30 12

26 Shimoga 243 560 391 575 503 506 471 573 565 645

27 Tumkur 359 231 432 345 349 346 391 347 256 305

28 Udupi 116 181 226 125 215 328 307 160 206 166

29 Uttara Kannada 124 210 183 191 181 380 347 294 185 154

30 Yadgir 107

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The above statement shows that the number of registered infant deaths in 2001 was 7821 and it was 13199 in 2010.

Large variations are seen while comparing the CRS based IMR to that of SRS based IMR. In the State, proportion of the registered infant deaths is below 30 percent for all the years under review. Such a low level of registration of infant deaths is a serious cause of concern. Full coverage of infant deaths by the Civil Registration machinery only can help in identifying areas with high infant mortality rates, which is an essential input for any health planning.

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Level of Registration of births / deaths

The level of registration, defined as the percentage of registered births / deaths to the estimated births / deaths, determines the performance level of a state so far as the efficacy of Civil Registration System is concerned. For the purpose, the estimated total number of events (births / deaths) as revealed from SRS rates is used in the absence of reliable estimates from any other source. The level of registration so calculated is very high either due to the lower estimates of vital events than the actual and / or due to the fact that SRS estimates of vital events are registered at the place of occurrence irrespective of the place of residence.

The level of registration of births has increased from 86.3 per cent in 2001 to 95.3 per cent in 2010. The level of registration of deaths has noticed fluctuating trend i.e., either increasing or decreasing. The following Chart highlights the level of registration of births and deaths from 2001 to 2010.

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Chart: Level of Registration of Births and Deaths (Karnataka), 2001-2010

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The following statement depicts the distribution of districts by their level of registration of births and deaths.

The level of registration is achieved more than cent percent in those districts where a number of events may be occurring to the outsiders (persons belonging to the neighbouring border areas) who visit their places to avail of the better medical facilities.

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Statement : DISTRICTWISE REPORTING & RECORDING EFFICIENCY-2010

Sl.No.

DISTRICT NAMEREPORTINGCOMBINED

RECORDING

BIRTHCOMBINED

DEATHCOMBINED

1 BAGALKOTE 99.62 137.77 103.262 BANGALORE RURAL 99.52 55.60 76.643 BANGALORE URBAN 81.44 97.55 89.914 BELGAUM 99.25 111.86 103.435 BELLARY 100.00 130.85 99.496 BIDAR 91.14 128.38 71.027 BIJAPUR 97.78 162.33 106.848 CHAMARAJNAGAR 99.91 69.23 95.149 CHICKBALLAPURA 96.00 70.63 54.9410 CHICKMAGALUR 100.00 76.46 70.7011 CHITRADURGA 100.00 79.19 111.1812 DAKSHINA KANNAD 99.21 99.79 118.9913 DAVANAGERE 99.87 101.46 117.8014 DHAWARD 100.00 114.52 118.4815 GADAG 100.00 112.46 116.6916 GULBARGA 63.05 117.61 64.9817 HASSAN 100.00 77.09 98.1818 HAVERI 100.00 102.46 97.4919 KODAGU 98.86 70.75 84.8120 KOLARA 90.59 73.90 46.1121 KOPPAL 96.14 134.89 92.0222 MANDYA 95.52 59.43 71.5723 MYSORE 100.00 87.76 94.7924 RAICHUR 83.80 105.98 81.5725 RAMANAGARA 100.00 65.27 84.5826 SHIMOGA 100.00 94.60 97.5527 TUMKUR 88.79 63.33 94.5928 UDUPI 100.00 85.48 123.8929 UTTARA KANNADA 94.04 93.07 86.8930 YADGIR 64.05 120.31 69.73

STATE 94.59 99.02 92.81

It is observed that while the level of registration of births is above 100 per cent in as many as 13 districts in 2010, only 6 districts could achieve that level on registration of deaths recording more than 100 per cent of registered births as well as deaths.

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Crude Birth and Crude Death RateThe crude birth rates and crude death rates based on these registered events for the years 2001–2010 are presented Statement-6 which shows the comparative picture of birth rates and death rates based on the data from CRS and SRS during the years 2001-2010.

Statement : Crude Birth and Crude Death Rates Based on CRS and SRS and Level of Registration of Births and Deaths – 2001-2010

Year

CBRLevel Of

Registration of Births

CDRLevel Of

Registration of Deaths

SRS CRS SRS CRS

2001 22.2 19.5 86.3 7.6 7.0 90.5

2002 22.1 18.9 81.9 7.2 6.9 91.8

2003 21.8 19.3 84.3 7.2 6.9 91.7

2004 20.9 18.8 85.8 6.9 6.5 90.3

2005 20.6 18.5 87.6 7.1 6.7 91.9

2006 20.1 19.0 92.2 7.1 7.0 96.7

2007 19.9 19.0 92.0 7.3 6.9 91.6

2008 19.8 19.3 94.6 7.4 6.6 87.0

2009 19.5 19.1 97.7 7.2 6.6 91.8

2010 19.2 18.3 95.3 7.1 6.5 91.7

It is seen from the Statement that the birth rate and death rate for the state as a whole based on CRS data is not comparable with the rates based on SRS data.

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DISTRICTWISE REGISTERED BIRTHS, DEATHS, INFANT DEATHS, STILL BIRTHS AND RATES URBAN & RURAL-2010 (AS PER CRS 2010)

Sl.No DistrictBirth Death Infant Death Still Birth

Registered Rate Registered Rate Registered Rate Registered Rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 BAGALKOTE 49492 26.98 14778 7.93 376 7.33 464 9.002 BANGALORE (R) 10820 14.22 5168 5.62 65 5.08 28 1.84

3 BANGALORE (U) 111227 12.33 38961 4.13 1811 15.48 381 3.26

4 BELGAUM 97498 19.52 33291 6.91 1014 11.05 980 10.37

5 BELLARY 55355 22.34 15221 6.23 668 12.59 152 3.39

6 BIDAR 41575 25.54 9567 6.21 142 3.69 346 8.20

7 BIJAPUR 64909 30.70 15319 7.10 489 7.55 208 3.17

8 CHAMARAJANAGAR 13443 13.91 7758 7.73 103 8.47 75 5.08

9 CHICKBALLAPUR 20915 15.81 6611 5.66 103 5.50 93 4.90

10 CHIKMAGALUR 16407 13.03 6376 6.02 154 13.10 75 5.91

11 CHITRADURGA 27278 17.74 11993 7.76 236 10.65 123 4.79

12 DAKSHINA KANNADA 34218 14.80 16703 7.18 563 13.39 258 7.66

13 DAVANAGERE 34862 18.65 15663 7.78 771 18.42 236 6.93

14 DHARWAD 39194 20.25 15907 8.04 1458 33.90 737 14.36

15 GADAG 23031 21.94 9206 8.96 294 15.13 438 16.08

16 GULBARGA 51407 26.84 14150 7.28 511 9.75 35 1.21

17 HASSAN 26007 14.82 11217 6.40 210 8.48 47 1.86

18 HAVERI 28241 17.73 10767 7.15 81 5.32 201 11.03

19 KODAGU 8360 15.53 3573 6.88 77 9.75 23 2.90

20 KOLAR 19525 12.99 5829 3.89 87 4.87 153 7.88

21 KOPPAL 32560 23.94 8668 6.57 133 5.37 46 3.72

22 MANDYA 23879 15.31 10872 6.64 335 13.83 21 1.07

23 MYSORE 51197 16.57 17935 5.87 1419 27.36 389 8.01

24 RAICHUR 33209 21.86 8507 5.68 710 21.84 326 10.23

25 RAMANAGAR 13131 10.86 5552 5.10 12 2.04 0 0.00

26 SHIMOGA 33361 17.28 12451 7.06 645 19.73 344 9.68

27 TUMKUR 42716 16.51 21366 8.52 305 7.54 157 3.47

28 UDUPI 18959 16.06 10749 8.50 166 7.48 126 5.27

29 UTTARA KANNADA 25082 16.22 9287 6.90 154 9.69 125 6.59

30 YADGIR 23660 28.15 8298 10.04 107 4.89 0 0.30

STATE 1071518 18.29 381743 6.51 13199 12.32 6587 6.15

Survey Findings:

A sample survey on Registration and Reporting of Births and Deaths conducted in Bijapur and Udupi districts(reference period 01.01.2008 to 31.12.2008). Sample results of Bijapur and Udupi districts revealed that :

ANMs and Anganwadi workers required Intensive Training in filling up of reporting formats and creation of awareness for forwarding of such Reports to Registrars atleast once in 15 days without fail. Wide publicity measures on births and deaths registration is required. In order to achieve cent percent registration of events, it is essential for Tahsildar at taluk level to review the registration work regularly.

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Prevention of duplication of registration of events, particularly for events occurring other than local. Medical officers of Public Health Centres are required to review the Births and Deaths report, sex ratio etc., once in a month at the centre level. Similar action is required in urban areas also. Reliability of procedural aspects of arriving at recording efficiency needed examination.

Good awareness among the public about the importance of institutional deliveries in Udupi district was observed. This type of awareness needs to be created in all the districts of the State.

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When the SRS was started in 1964, it was clearly mentioned in the original document that the SRS was a temporary scheme, to fill in the period of deficiencies in Civil Registration and should be in vogue for not more than 10 years. Now, even after 48 years, the SRS continues to be the major source of data on births and death rates in the country and in 2004 the sample size has been considerably increased based on the 2001 census.

While the SRS sample for the year 1969-70 covered a total of 3722 clusters, 2432 in rural areas and 1290 in the urban areas. At present, SRS is operationalin 7,597 sample units (4,433 rural and 3,164 urban) spread across all States and Union territories and covers about 1.5 million households and 7.27 million population.

CONCLUSION:

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SRS seems to have got a permanent foothold in the monitoring and evaluation of births and deaths in the country and related health and welfare programmes.

Because of this, the Civil Registration System seems to have suffered because of excessive focus on SRS and satisfaction of the researchers and bureaucrats with estimates of vital rates at the state level.

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Acknowledgments:

a.Annual report on the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 .for the years 2009 and 2010.

b.CRS special report for the years 2001-2008.

c.Concept Note of Mr. K.Srinivasan , ATI, Mysore.

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Thank you

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directorate of economics and statistics

Documents

population census

registration units

decennial census

civil registration system

census commissioner

measure of population

density of population

sample registration