Directional Terms and Joint MovementsMiss Van Heuven

Horizontal vs. vertical Make sure that you know the difference between horizontal

and vertical!

Horizontal (side to side)Vertical (up and down)

Hint: To help you remember, think about the sun rising and setting over the “horizon”

Anatomical directional terms

Anterior The front, or in front of

Posterior The back, or behind (towards the rear)

Anatomical directional terms Distal Away from, furthest from the origin

Proximal Near, closest to the origin

Anatomical directional terms Superior Above, over

Inferior Below, under

Anatomical directional terms Lateral Away from the mid-line (center) Towards the sides

Medial Towards the mid-line (center) Away from the sides

PAUSE Pause for “Body Planes and Directional Terms” review

(Use knee ligaments as an example)

Synovial Joints Synovial Joints (also known as Diarthroses) are freely

moveable joints These joints allow 18 different movements

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Flexion

Movement that decreases the angle between 2 bones

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Extension

Movement that increases the angle between 2 bones

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Hyperextension

Movement beyond the natural range of motion

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Abduction

Movement of the limbs away from the middle of the body (Describes movement of limbs only)

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Adduction

Movement of the limbs toward the middle of the body (Describes movement of limbs only)

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Rotation

Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Circumduction

Circular movement of limbs around an axis The proximal portion of the limb remains stationary

Proximal = where the limb attaches to the body

The distal portion moves in a circle Distal = the point on the limb that is furthest from the proximal

attachment

Joint Movements Activity Pause for a class activity. (SIMON SAYS) Can students demonstrate knowledge of these joint

movements?

Teacher Slide Anterior Posterior Distal Proximal Horizontal Vertical Lateral Medial Superior Inferior Flexion Extension Hyper-extension Rotation Adduction Abduction

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Supination

To turn upward To face a limb or body towards the ceiling Ex: Turn palm upward so that it faces the sky

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Pronation

To turn downward To face a limb or body towards the ground Ex: turn palms downward so that they face the floor

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Plantar Flexion

Movement that extends the foot Ex: Pointing your toes like a ballerina

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Dorsiflexion

Movement that flexes the foot Ex: Try to touch your toes to the front of your shin

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Inversion Turns the sole of the foot inward (medially)

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Eversion Turns the sole of the foot outward (laterally)

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Protraction Moving a body part forward (in the transverse plane) Ex: shoulders and jaw

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Retraction Moving a body part backwards (in the transverse plane) Ex: Neck or jaw

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Elevation Lifting a body part upward (superiorly) (Occurs in the frontal plane) Ex: Shoulders

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Depression Moving a body part downward (inferiorly) (Occurs in the frontal plane) Ex: Shoulders

Types of Synovial Joint Movements Opposition Moves the thumb to the tips of the other fingers (That is why they are called “Opposable thumbs”)

TIME TO DANCE! Create a new dance Write down all of the moves using anatomical joint movement

cues Name your dance

Perform it yourself or nominate someone in the room!!