DIRECT

INTERFERENCE

SYSTEM

FOR

COORDINATION

LIMITATION

BY

AMPLIFIED

AND

STIMULATED

EMISSION

OF

RADIATION

1

THE DISCO TEAM CEO –

Ashley Francke

CMO –

Shane Eastwood

CRO –

Mary Yu

CTO –

Jonathan Doyle

COO –

Fabio Bollinger

Direct Interference System Corporation

Engineering Roles:

Jonathan Doyle – Computer Engineer

Shane Eastwood – Biomedical Engineer

Fabio Bollinger – Biomedical Engineer

Ashley Francke – Biomedical Engineer

Mary Yu – Physics Engineer

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OUTLINE

The Product

Motivation - F

Background

The Concept - A

Modules

Business Case - S

Market

Competition

Manufacturing

Finances & Funding - M

Work Breakdown

Projected Implementation Schedule

Actual Implementation Schedule

Problems/Issues - J

Changes in Scope

Lessons Learned

Conclusion - F

Acknowledgements

Question Period

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THE PRODUCT - MOTIVATION

Innocent people die in wars, and everyone gets hurt

Firefights can start even in non-combat missions

Reduces likelihood of success

Wastes resources

Heavy equipment a necessary precaution

Puts soldiers in danger

No efficient non-lethal system exists for neutralizing large groups

Rubber Bullets

Flash Grenades

Tasers

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https://tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/hello-kitty-taser.jpg

THE PRODUCT - BACKGROUND

There exists a phenomenon where simply light can incapacitate

a person

At a certain brightness, light over-stimulates the retina and cause a

sensory overload

At non-UV wavelengths, the light does not damage the retinas or the

skin during short durations

Can theoretically be used to create a ‘light shield’ around a group of

people (or even a squad)

Currently some light-incapacitation technology is being used in

hand-held ‘pistols’

Effects last about 15 minutes

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http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ld6rqsbJb4I/USZeoDKsndI/AAAAAAAATZg/qeRvU6dyviQ/s1600/8632602_5.jpg

THE PRODUCT - CONCEPT

Temporarily knock out everyone in an area except the soldiers themselves

Can be indiscriminate towards targets, as there is no permanent damage

Give soldiers freedom to move without heavy equipment, and rely less on weaponry

Uses facial recognition to track and target faces

In a crowd of people, everyone’s faces are tracked and targeted one at a time

Software can estimate face distance and find special coordinates

Targets and stuns anyone who looks in the direction of the squad

Soldiers are protected by a wall of light

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THE PRODUCT - SUMMARY

Face-targeting non-lethal incapacitation turret

Automatically finds and targets within range

Targets become blinded / disoriented / nauseous

No permanent damage

It works

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THE PRODUCT - MODULES

This image is the cornerstone of the project

Modular design allowed for easy in/out based design

Sensor Module

Camera generates image and sends for processing

Processor

Scans images for faces and maps them in 2D space

Converts 2D coordinates into 3D space

Queues coordinates to Motor Unit

Motor Unit

Interprets coordinates as angles and positions the lighting unit accordingly

Lighting Unit

Briefly activates an LED once in position

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THE PRODUCT -

MODULES

High-Level Overview:

Processor: Raspberry Pi 2

Sensor: Raspberry Pi Camera

Motor: 2 Stepper Motors

Lighting: LED Array with

Reflector

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Vertical Angle Servo

Horizontal

Angle Servo

Raspberry Pi

Base of Support

Sensors

LED Array

LED Reflector

BUSINESS CASE

Improve the outcomes of wars

Reduce unnecessary death

Current non-lethal weapons are dangerous and inefficient

Flash Grenades, Rubber Bullets, Tear Gas, Pepper Spray, Tasers, etc.

Create portable and safe non-lethal weapon

Reduce casualties

Reduce risk of injury

Increase public safety

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MARKET

Security and military

Use Case 1: Riots

Stanley Cup Riot

Use Case 2: Retail / Bank Security

Bank Robbery

Use Case 3: Military

Crowd control

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http://www.vancouversun.com/sports/cms/binary/7843936.jpg?size=640x420

http://www.stuff.co.nz/content/dam/images/1/5/c/y/1/g/image.related.StuffLandscapeSixteenByNi

ne.620x349.15cy6i.png/1434841562702.jp24

COMPETITION

Lethal weapons

Guns, explosives, aerial strikes

Non-lethal weapons

Flash grenades, tasers, StunRay

Conclusion: Minimal competition

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http://www.ohgizmo.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/sound_cannon.jpg

MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Costs, Work Hours $1000

Sale $1500

Setup and Installation $1000

Profit $1500

Development Plan:

1) Market Research / Proof-of-Concept

2) RFQ: Optimize BOM

3) Design for reliability: fail-safes, circuit protection, material selection, weather proofing

4) Product testing: eg. accelerated aging

5) Testing for effectiveness: does it reduce death?

6) Regulatory testing: EMI, FCC, CSA

7) Manufacturing & Business Optimization

QA requirements: IQOQPQ

8) Production and shipment and next-generation design

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FUNDING & FINANCES

Received $513.00 from ESSEF,

Plan to cover excess costs with Wighton Fund

Equipment List Estimated Unit Cost

Arduino and Accessories $128.99

Infrared Camera (2) $352.65

Multi-colour Laser Pointer (2) $30.42

Reflector $48.65

Arduino Small DC Motor (2) $40.00

Misc. Electronics (resistors, switches, etc) $75.00

Outer Casing/Protection $100

Total Taxes $93.09

Total Shipping $0.00

TOTAL COST $868.80

Equipment List Unit Cost

Raspberry Pi 2 and Accessories $109.00

Raspberry Pi Camera and Enclosure $42.98

LED Array & Reflector $49.84

Stepper Motor(s) and Motor Driver(s) $137.84

Power Supplies $56.43

Misc. Electronics (resistors, switches,

etc)

$57.99

Enclosure and Mounting Supplies $141.80

Total Taxes $71.62

Total Shipping $0.00

TOTAL COST $668.49

Actual Cost: Initial Projected Cost:

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WORK BREAKDOWN

High-Level Task Jonathan Shane Fabio Ashley Mary

Motor Unit Circuit Design xx x x

Motor Queue Programming xx

Motor Movement Programming xx x

Lighting Unit Circuit Design xx x

Lighting Unit Assembly x xx x x

Processing Unit Setup xx

Face Tracking Programming xx x x

Face Locations Programming x xx x

Camera Interfacing xx

Modular and System Testing x x x xx x

Enclosure Design x xx x x

Final System Assembly x xx x x

Parts Sourcing x x xx

Documentation x x x xx x

Administrative Tasks x x x xx x

• Two functional teams:

• Hardware /

Mechanical

• Software

Developers

Where xx = primary responsibility; x = some responsibility

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PROJECTED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

2016

January February March April

25 15 21 29 7 21 28 10 14 21

Project Proposal

Complete

Functional

Specifications

Complete

Controlled Turret

Completed

Parts Testing

Complete

Design

Specifications

Complete

Software

Development

Complete

Hardware-Software

Interface Complete

Progress

Report

Complete

Test Plans

Complete

Prototype

testing and final

adjustments

compete

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ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

2016

January February March April

25 15 28 4 10 14 21 28 10 14 21

Project Proposal

Complete

Functional

Specifications

Complete

Parts Received

Design

Specifications

Complete

Testing of Lighting,

Motor, and

Processing Units

Complete

Hardware-Software Interface

Complete (Initial Prototype)

Progress

Report

Complete

Test Plans

Complete

Sensor Testing

Complete

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Prototype

testing and

final

adjustments

compete

Software

Testing

Complete

Software

Development

Complete

PROBLEMS / ISSUES

Circuit design:

The design involved working with high level of voltage and current for some components while others require low voltage

and current

Motors drew large amount of current when stationary due to position tracking which meant the Lighting circuit needed its

own power supply

Camera:

There was no standard driver for the Raspberry PI camera and so we needed to find open source code to operate camera

The camera did not work natively with OpenCV

We could not find a driver to operate the camera at the highest possible resolution

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CHANGES IN SCOPE

Our original design involved interfacing with an infrared camera to better detect individuals

Due to financial constraints and the difficulties in interfacing it with our current design, we decided to abandon it

This gave us more time to focus on strengthening face detection with our camera

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LESSONS LEARNED

We learned the importance of documenting our product throughout its development

We learned how properly read component data sheets

We experienced use of stepper motors

We learned how to design our own circuits

We learned mechanical system design and modelling (ie Solidworks)

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CONCLUSION

We were able to successfully develop a prototype

Prototype locates faces via image processing and targets them

Once locked onto target, LED array turns on

We have decided to abandon further development of the product as we learned we need higher computing in

order to process the images at a rate more suitable for military or security applications

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Steve Whitemore

Andrew Rawicz

Hsiu-Yang Tseng

Jamal Bahari

Mahssa Abdolahi

Mona Rahbar

Soroush Haeri

Ash Parameswaren

Gary Shum

Shaquile Nijjer

Dejan Jovasevic

Shahira Afirn

Andrew Doyle

Billy Yu and Susan Huang

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REFERENCES

[1] R. Kozloski, "The Increasing Utility of Non-Lethal Force in International Conflict," 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/doi/pdf/10.1080/01495933.2014.926721.

[2] D. A. Koplow, "Non-Lethal Weapons: The Law and Policy of Revolutionary Technologies for the Military and Law Enforcement," 2006. [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/Open.aspx?id=54150.

[3] N. R. C. (. National Academies Press (US), "An Assessment of Non-Lethal Weapons Science and Technology," 2003. [Online]. Available: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzg2ODY4X19BTg2?sid=933f4a18-515a-47bb-8a89-3f9d43f22db5@sessionmgr114&vid=1&format=EB&rid=1.

[4] T. Eisenberg and H. Parker, "Incapacitating high intensity incoherent light beam US 8721105 B2 Patent," 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.google.com/patents/US8721105.

[5] Defense Supply Center, "Department of Defense Handbook," 3 November 2000. [Online]. Available: http://www.dscc.dla.mil/Downloads/MilSpec/Docs/MIL-HDBK-454/hdbk454.pdf. [Accessed 11 Feburary 2016].

[6] "StunRay," Genesis Illumination, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://genesis-illumination.com/StunRay/stunray-non-lethal-light-beam-weapon/.

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QUESTIONS?

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DEMO

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

4 modules:

Sensor Module:

This module consisted of the Raspberry Pi Camera

Lighting Module:

This module was made out of the LED array and circuitry which allows the LED to dim depending on the light situation or for manual

control through the use of a potentiometer

Motor Module:

Two stepper motors and two H-bridges which make up the motor driver circuit

Processing Module:

The Raspberry Pi which receives images from the sensor module and sends out signals to control the motor module and the turning on

of the LED array

SENSOR MODULE

This module consisted of a camera designed for the Raspberry Pi 2

The drivers were found from sources online which allow us to operate the camera at a resolution of 1280x960

We were able to detect faces up to a distance of 6.5m away from the camera

Module was placed in a stationary position below the motor module

LIGHTING MODULE

We ensured this part provided a safe level of brightness to not blind the target

A photo-resister is attached to this circuit which allows the LED array to dim in lower light scenarios and at

maximum brightness in a sunny environment

The LED array turns on when a control signal is sent from the processing module

MOTOR MODULE

Composed of two stepper motors

Motors were chosen to have high precision

One motor was in charge of horizontal

position, the other in charge of vertical

position of LED array

The motors position and movement were all

controlled by the processing module

PROCESSING MODULE

Consisted of the Raspberry Pi

It received/sent information via GPIO pins

It would receive an image from the sensor module and process it to find faces

When faces were found, the co-ordinates were converted into angular steps and sent to the motor module

The motor module would move into position and once in position the LED array would turn on briefly before

moving on to the next target

DETERMINING DISTANCE FROM CAMERA

We devised a formula for calculating

how far a face is from the camera

Took a series of set distance points

and used our face detection code to

determine radius

Plotted radius vs distance to obtain a

formula which was used to

determine distance to target

SCHEMATICS

CODE

VIDEO

START OF DEMO