digital jewelary

7/29/2019 digital jewelary

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Seminar 2012 Digital Jewellery

Dept Of ECE 1 College Of Engineering Munnar

1.INTRODUCTION

Recent technological advancements have resulted in a climate where technology is too

intrusive the increased miniaturisation and mobility of digital technologies has led to a number of

proposals for digital objects which use jewellery as a way to locate communication and

information devices on the body. However, these developments are emerging from outside the

field of contemporary jewellery. Consequently digital jewellery is significantly under-explored

within contemporary jewellery practice and the emerging developments from other fields present

a narrow interpretation of both jewellery and digital technologies. In terms of aesthetics there is a

distinct naivety regarding the form, material, connection with the body and scope of interaction

of a digital jewellery object. Moreover there is a paucity of approaches that consider emotional

and intimate attachments people form with and around objects. These limitations are evident in

both physical and conceptual constraints. Beyond this, the

qualities that we have come to associate with the digital are born from a predominantly

consumer electronics field and are both narrow and hindering if we wish to consider digital

technologies having wider, more emotional scope in our lives. Therefore an exploration of digital

jewellery that addresses these issues and seeks to escape the limiting assumptions we have of the

digital is needed.

The latest computer craze has been to be able to wear wireless computers. The Computer

Fashion Wave, "Digital Jewellery" looks to be the next sizzling fashion trend of the

technological wave. The combination of shrinking computer devices and increasing computer

power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewellery with embedded

intelligence. Todays, manufacturers place millions of transistors on a microchip, which can be

used to make small devices that store tons of digital data.. The whole concept behind this is to be

able to communicate to others by means of wireless appliances. The other key factor of thisconcept market is to stay fashionable at the same time. Researchers have already created an arrayof digital-jewellery prototypes.


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2.WHAT IS DIGITAL JEWELLERY?

Digital jewellery is the fashion jewellery with embedded intelligence. Digital jewellery

can help you solve problems like forgotten passwords and security badges. Digital jewel lery is

a nascent catchphrase for wearable ID devices that contain personal information like passwords,

identification, and account information. They have the potential to be all-in-one replacements for

your drivers license, key chain, business cards, credit cards, health insurance card, corporate

security badge, and loose cash. They can also solve a common dilemma of todays wired world

the forgotten password.

Digital jewellery can come in other forms as well. Innovators at IBM and the MIT Media

Laboratory have developed personal area networks (PANs) that transfer simple informationvia human touch, by capacitively coupling picoamp currents through the body. A low-level

electric current carries the information from transmitter to receiver, passing simple identifying

information like name, title, and phone number. As digital jewellery matures, this kind of

function is a natural inclusion to the feature set. Other possible inclusions are memory aids, PDA

functions, and environmental augmentation.
http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/electronicdevic_sduh.htmhttp://www.essortment.com/hobbies/electronicdevic_sduh.htmhttp://www.essortment.com/hobbies/electronicdevic_sduh.htmhttp://www.essortment.com/hobbies/electronicdevic_sduh.htm


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3.OVERVIEW

. The phenomenon of the wearable computer has arisen from the desire to create a mobile,

personal computer system. The makers of wearablesaim to house the personal computer on the

body maintaining the convention of screen, keyboard and mouse. Wearables have been worn (by

their originators) despite their bulky size and weight, and it is readily apparent that

considerations of the aesthetic possibilities or the intimate nature of the relationship between the

body and the object remains under-explored. Technological innovation has to date been the

dominant concern for wearablesresearch. Thad Starner (2001) outlined the challenges facing the

development of wearables as power use, heat dissipation, networking, interface design and

privacy; with no mention of the users emotional experiences of such devices


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4. DIGITAL JEWELLERY AND ITS COMPONENTS

Soon, cell phones will take a totally new form, appearing to have no form at all. Instead of

one single device, cell phones will be broken up into their basic components and packaged as

various pieces of digital jewellery. Each piece of jewellery will contain a fraction of the

components found in a conventional mobile phone. Together, the digital-jewellery cell phone

should work just like a conventional cell phone.

The various components that are inside a cell phone: Microphone, Receiver, Touch pad,

Display, Circuit board, Antenna, and Battery. IBM has developed a prototype of a cell phone that

consists of several pieces of digital jewellery that will work together wirelessly, possibly with

Red Tacton technology, to perform the functions of the above components.

Fig.1 digital jewellery

Here are the pieces of computerized-jewellery phone (Fig 2.2) and their functions:

Ear rings: Speakers embedded into these earrings will be the phone's receiver. Necklace: Users will talk into the necklace's embedded microphone. Ring: Perhaps the most interesting piece of the phone, this "magic decoder ring is equipped

with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that flash to indicate an incoming call. It can also be

programmed to flash different colors to identify a particular caller or indicate the importance

of a call.
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/speaker.htmhttp://electronics.howstuffworks.com/speaker.htm


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Bracelet: Equipped with a video graphics array (VGA) display, this wrist display could alsobe used as a caller identifier that flashes the name and phone number of the caller.

With a jewellery phone, the keypad and dialing function could be integrated into the

bracelet, or else dumped altogether; it's likely that voice-recognition software will be used tomake calls, a capability that is already commonplace in many of today's cell phones. Simply say

the name of the person you want to call and the phone will dial that person. IBM is also workingon a miniature rechargeable battery to power these components.

Fig.2 IBMs Bracelet Display

Fig.3 IBMs magic decoder rings


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IBMs magic decoder ring that flashes for phone calls could also inform you that e-mail

is piling up in your inbox. This flashing alert could also indicate the urgency of the e-mail.

THE JAVA RING

It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we use

are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords and

keys needed to access any door or computer program. Dallas Semiconductor is developing a new

Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.

Fig.4 Java ring

High memory capacity (up to 134K bytes NV SRAM) Retail connectivity to 250 million existing computers (less if designed-in before

manufacturing)

MOUSE-RING

The mouse-ring that IBM is developing will use the company's Track Point technology to

wirelessly move the cursor on a computer-monitor display. (Track Point is the little button

embedded in the keyboard of some laptops). IBM Researchers have transferred TrackPoint

technology to a ring, which looks something like a black-pearl ring. On top of the ring is a little

black ball that users will swivel to move the cursor, in the same way that the TrackPoint button

on a laptop
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=digital-jewelry.htm&url=http://www.dalsemi.com/news/pr/product/1998/javaring.htmlhttp://electronics.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=digital-jewelry.htm&url=http://www.dalsemi.com/news/pr/product/1998/javaring.html


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5.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DIGITAL JEWELLERY

Digital jewellery devices consist of a screen or display for information, most likely

consisting of 7-16-segment, or dot matrix LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies such as

electroluminescent material (EL) or others, which could become an optional display . So too, an

audiovisual or other 'display' could consist of a speaker, a single flashing light, a sensor of some

kind (such as a temperature driven EL display), or other informational aesthetic. The display

layer sits on a face of the device, which is enclosed in some material such as plastic, metal,

crystal, or other material. It has external switches and buttons on its side and a data-port for

accessing the programmable electronic circuit inside. A micro controller that is a surface

mounted device (SMD) on a printed circuit board (PCB) with resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are

the internal 'guts' of the jewellery.


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6. DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES

The digital jewellery display, for instance, every alphabet and number system has found

representation within the electronics realm and 'dot-matrix' (a matrix of single LEDs) is used to

display Chinese and Japanese and other character sets, as can the alternative display for LCDs

(liquid-crystal-displays) also be used, as often found in watches.

Fig.5 Alphanumeric or Graphic Display types

Digital Jewellery can be made in many different sizes and shapes with a variety of

materials ranging from plastic and metal to rubber and glass. They utilize electromagnetic

properties and electronics to display information through a screen or display of some kind. This

could range from LED 7-segment, 16-segment, dot matrix, and other programmable LEDs

devices to LCDs, OLEDs, and other displays (Fig 5 ), which are all driven by the self-contained

jewellery devices themselves.

The various components of digital jewellery are connected using intra body communication

techniqueRED TACTON.


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7.RED TACTON

It is developed by a seven person team led by Yuichi Kado.

'Tacton' means an action that happens due to the touch.'T' refers to Touch and

'acton' refers to the action and consequences that happens due to the touch.'Red' is a color

which conveys the meaning of warmth. Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous

computing, when networks are seamlessly interconnected and information is always

accessible at our fingertips. Red- Warmth, T-Touch and Acton-Action stands for Red

Tacton. Instead of relying on electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data, Red

Tacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of the body as a transmission medium.

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) is pursuing research and

development of an innovative Human Area Networking technology called Red Tacton

that safely turns the surface of the human body into a data transmission path at speeds up

to 10 Mbps between any two points on the body. Using a novel electro-optic sensor, NTT

has already developed a small PCMCIA card-sized prototype Red Tacton transceiver.

Red Tacton enables the first practical Human Area Network between body-centered

electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment via a

new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions such as touching,

holding, sitting, walking, or stepping on a particular spot. Red Tacton can be used for

intuitive operation of computer-based systems in daily life, temporary one-to-one private

networks based on personal handshaking, device personalization, security, and a host of

other applications based on new behavior patterns enabled by Red Tacton. NTT is

committed to moving Red Tacton out of the laboratory and into commercial production

as quickly as possible by organizing joint field trials with partners outside the company.


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Features

RedTacton has three main functional features:

1. Touch - Touching, gripping, sitting, walking, stepping and other humanmovements can be the triggers for unlocking or locking, starting or stopping

equipment, or obtaining data.

2. Broadband and Interactive - Duplex, interactive communication is possible at amaximum speed of 10Mbps. Because the transmission path is on the surface of the

body, transmission speed does not deteriorate in congested areas where many

people are communicating at the same time.

3. Any media - In addition to the human body, various conductors and dielectrics canbe used as transmission media. Conductors and dielectrics may also be used in

combination.


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8.Comparison with other network technologies

The focus on ubiquitous service has brought about the shortening of distances in

communication. RedTacton is positioned as the last 1m solution to ultimate close-range

communication. Wireless communication creates connections when signals arrive,

allowing for easy connections because connectors are unnecessary. However, seen from

another aspect, the arriving signals can be intercepted, so security becomes an issue.

Wired communication transmits data between two connection points, so interception is

difficult and security can be considered to be high. However, connectors and cables are a

nuisance. Taking the above points in account, RedTacton is situated directly between

wireless and wired communication. In other words, RedTacton allows for easy

connection without connectors, while at the same time allowing transmission of data only

between two contact points. It thus has the feature of being difficult to intercept.

Fig.6 Above Figure shows a person opening a door with the help of an RED TACTON

device


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Fig.7 Above figure shows how RED TACTON works

BASIC PRINCIPLE

The RedTacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the body. The

RedTacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric field on the surface of the body

caused by the transmitter. RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties

of an electro-optic crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric field.

RedTacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal using a

laser and converts the result to an electrical signal in an optical receiver circuit.


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Fig.8 above Figure shows the working of the RED TACTON device over the surface of

our body. The transmitting RED TACTON device changes the electric field on the surface

of our body. This is sensed by the electric field sensor and the variations are given to the

receiving RED TACTON device.

MECHANISM OF RED TACTON

Data is received using a photonic electric field sensor that combines an electro-optic

crystal and a laser light to detect fluctuations in the minute electric field. The naturally occurring

electric field induced on the surface of the human body dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this

electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable.

The photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric fields to be

measured by detecting changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal with a laser

beam.

RedTacton is a new Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the

human body as a safe, high speed network transmission path.


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RedTacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human body.

Technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared.

A transmission path is formed at the moment a part of the human body comes in contact

with a RedTacton transceiver. Physically separating ends the contact and thus ends

communication.

Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminals carried by the user or embedded

in devices are linked in various combinations according to the user's natural, physical

movements.

Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the hands, fingers, arms,

feet, face, legs or torso. RedTacton works through shoes and clothing as

Well.

The RedTacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the body

The electric field sensor (transistor or photonic electric field sensor)

detects electric field that reaches the RedTacton receiver.

Signals are processed in the receiver circuit and the data is downloaded.

REDTACTON TRANSCEIVER

The signal from the interface is sent to the data sense circuit and the transmitter circuit.

The data sense circuit senses the signal and if the data is present it sends control signal to the

transmitter which activates the transmitter circuit. The transmitter circuit varies the electric field

on the surface of our body. This change in the electric field is detected by the electro-optic


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sensor. The output of the electro-optic sensor is given to the detector circuit, which in turn given

to the interface of the receiving RED TACTON device.

WORKING PROCEDURE

RedTacton takes a different technical approach. Instead of relying on electromagnetic waves

or light waves to carry data.

RedTacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of the body as a transmission medium.

RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal

vary according to the changes of a weak electric field

A RedTacton transmitter couples with extremely weak electric fields on the surface of the

body

The weak electric fields pass through the body to a RedTacton receiver, where the weak

electric field affects the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal.

The extent to which the optical properties are changed is detected by laser light which is then

converted to an electrical signal by a detector circuit. Using a new super-sensitive photonic

electric field sensor, Red Tacton can achieve duplex communication over the human body at a

maximum speed of 10 mbps. The Red Tacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the

surface of the body. The Red Tacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric field on the

surface of the body caused by the transmitter. Red tacton relies upon the principle that the optical

properties of an electro-optic crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric field.

Red Tacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal using a laser and

converts the result to an electrical signal in a optical receiver circuit. The transmitter sends data

by inducing fluctuations in the minute electric field on the surface of the human body. Data is

received using a photonic electric field sensor that combines an Electro-optic crystal and a laser

light to detect fluctuations in the minute electric field.


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The naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of the human body

dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable. The

photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric fields to be measured by

detecting changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal with a laser beam.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER NETWORKS

The chart below shows the positioning of Red Tacton with respect to existing

communication technologies. The focus on ubiquitous service has brought about the shortening

of distances in communication. Red Tacton is positioned as the last 1m solution to ultimate

close-range communication. Wireless communication creates connections when signals arrive,

allowing for easy connections because connectors are unnecessary. However, seen from another

aspect, the arriving signals can be intercepted, so security becomes an issue.

Several "human body communication" technologies using the human body as a

transmission medium have been reported in the past. But RedTacton employs a

proprietary electric field/photonics method, which surpasses the other methods in terms of

communication distance, transfer speed, and interactivity.

Wired communication transmits data between two connection points, so interception is

difficult and security can be considered to be high. However, connectors and cables are a

nuisance. Taking the above points in account, Red Tacton is situated directly between wireless

and wired communication. In other words, Red Tacton allows for easy connection without

connectors, while at the same time allowing transmission of data only between two contact

points. It thus has the feature of being difficult to intercept.


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Fig.9 Above Figure shows the comparison of RED TACTON device with other networks

with respect to distance.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNICATION METHODS

"Intra-body communication" using the human body as a transmission medium has been

reported, but the electric field/photonics method employed by RedTacton is superior to

conventional methods in terms of communication distance, speed, and interactivity.


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P: PossibleN: Not possibleP*: Possible under certain conditions

Comparison of various methods


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ADVANTAGE OVER BLUETOOTH

The system envisioned by NTT, utilizes a conversion method which takes digital data into

a stream of low-power digital pulses. These can be easily transmitted and read back through the

human electric field.

While it is true that similar personal area networks are already accessible by using radio-

based technologies like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, this new wireless technology claims to be able to

send data over the human skin surface at transfer speeds of up to 10Mbps, or better than a

broadband T1 connection. Receiving data in such a system is more complicated because the

strength of the pulses sent through the electric field is so low. Red Tacton solves this issue by

utilizing a technique called electric field photonics: A laser is passed though an electro-optic

crystal, which deflects light differently according to the strength of the field across it. These

deflections are measured and converted back into electrical signals to retrieve the transmitted

data.

According to Tom Zimmerman, inventor of the IBM personal networking system, body-

based networking is more secure than broadcast systems, such as Bluetooth, which have a range

of about 10m.The issue is that with Bluetooth, it is difficult to rein in the signal and restrict it to

the device you are trying to connect to. But in a busy place there could be hundreds of Bluetooth

devices within range. Moreover, body-based networking seems to allow for more natural

interchanges of information between humans, as only when you are in true proximity you can

make this system work. There are some specific applications that would appear as being ideal

matches for Red Tacton-like technologies.

(i) REDTACTON Technology is making many things easier.(ii)Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT, headquartered in Chiyoda-ku,

Tokyo. President and CEO, Norio Wada) is pursuing research and development of an

innovative Human Area Networking technology called RedTacton.

(iii)REDTACTON safely turns the surface of the human body into a data transmission path at

speeds up to 10 Mbps between any two points on the body.


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(iv)REDTACTON uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human body.(v)REDTACTON enables the first practical Human Area Network between body-centered

electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment.

(vi)REDTACTON can be used for intuitive operation of computer-based systems in dailylife; temporary one-to-one private networks based on personal handshaking, device

personalization, security are enabled by the redtacton.


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9.ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:

1. IT PROVIDES SECURITYFor example JAVA RING is used to lock or unlock doors or computers...as we

use passwords and keys to lock our doors and computers we dont need to remember all

those passwords and carry all those keys. So java ring is designed to provide security

2. AS COMPUTING DEVICES are embedded it is not necessary to carry CELLS orCOMPUTERS...hence it is easy to carry everywhere

Disadvantages:

1. Charging capabilities

2. Cost


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10.CONCLUSION

The basic idea behind the digital jewellery concept is to have the convenience of wireless,

wearable computers while remaining fashionably sound. It is hoped to be marketable soon,

however, several bugs remain such as charging capabilities and cost.

By the end of the decade, we could be wearing our computers instead of sitting in front of

them.


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REFERENCES

Books

1. Mobile Communications --Jochen Schiller

2. Blue tooth Connect without Cables--Jennifer Bray and Charles F Sturman

3. Cellular & Mobile Communications-- LEE

Web

1. www.IBM.com

2. www.howstuffworks.com

3. www.infoworld.com

4. www.ibutton.com
http://www.ibm.com/http://www.infoworld.com/http://www.ibutton.com/http://www.ibutton.com/http://www.infoworld.com/http://www.ibm.com/

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