digital experiment 2

EXPERIMENT-2 STUDY OF CMOS INVERTER CHARACTERISTICS 15MVD0001

Experiment Date: 21 July 2015 Submitted Date: 04 July 2015

Name: GUNISETTY RAVI TEJAM.Tech-VLSI DESIGN

15MVD0001

TITLE: STUDY OF CMOS INVERTER CHARACTERISTICS

OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the DC Characteristics of CMOS Inverter 2. To calculate the noise margin for the symmetric inverter3. To measure the delay between the input and the output.4. To compute Power consumption for the inverter

TOOL: Cadence virtuoso 6.1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & PROCEDURE:

Circuit - 1 for CMOS DC Response:


i) Calculation of width of PMOS transistor in Inverter circuit:

For Symmetric CMOS inverter the threshold point Vm should be at centre i.e. (0.75, 0.75).We have

℘/Wn = K ’n /K ’ p Kp’ is found out to be 118.34uA/V2

Kn’ is found out to be 286 uA/V2 from previous experiment.

From the above given expression we obtain the value of Wp to be 290nm.

For DC characteristics of CMOS inverter the parameters are Selected NMOS transistor: - gpdk090_nmos1v NMOS Width:-120nm NMOS Length:-100nm Selected PMOS transistor: - gpdk090_pmos1v PMOS Width:-290nm PMOS Length:-100nm

Circuit- 2 for CMOS Transient Response:


For Transient characteristics the parameters are Selected NMOS transistor: - gpdk090_nmos1v NMOS Width:-120nm NMOS Length:-100nm Selected PMOS transistor: - gpdk090_pmos1v PMOS Width:-290nm PMOS Length:-100nm For VPULSE-Voltage1=0V Voltage2=1.5VRise time = 2ps Pulse width=10nsPeriod=20ns Delay time = 0ns; Fall time=2ps

Circuit-3 for CMOS Transient Response with 20fF load:

i) Go to Outputs save allenable all pubRun transientii) Go to Browseropen resultspsf files click on power

The characteristics of the transistors remain same as the above but this circuit has an extra capacitive load


Circuit-4 for CMOS Transient Response with 50fF load:

i) Go to Outputs save allenable all pubRun transientii) Go to Browseropen resultspsf files click on power

The characteristics of the transistors remain same as the above but this circuit has an extra capacitive load of 50fF.


RESULTS:

a) For CMOS DC response:

From the above graph we note that the threshold point for the given specification of the

transistor is 735.392mV

VOH : 1.5V

VOL :1mV


Parametric analysis for different widths of PMOS transistor:

For PMOS widths of 270nm, 315nm, 350nm we have observed the shift in threshold voltage of CMOS inverter.


For Noise Margin:

The derivative of the Voltage transfer curve is taken and points where the gain is -1 is noted

down for VIH and VIL values.

VIH :944.882mV

VIL : 578.868mV

Noise margin = min(NMH , NML)

NMH = VOH – VIH = 0.555118

NML = VIL – VOL = 0.578868

Hence noise margin is 0.555118V


b) For CMOS transient analysis:

The spikes obtained in the graph are as a result of the rise time delay in input and fall time delay in the output. The delays can be seen in the below graph.


The delays observed from transient analysis of a CMOS inverter without any load capacitance are:

tphl = 4.427 ps

tplh = 3.475ps

tp =tPHL+tPLH

2 = 3.951ps

The propogation delay is observed to be 3.951 ps

c) AVERAGE POWER CALCULATIONS:

Power calculation Graph for no load

The average power consumed by the cmos when no load is connected is 187.6 nW


Power calculation Graph for the capacitive load of 20fF

The average power consumed by the cmos inverter when 20pF load is connected is 2.479 uW.

Power calculation Graph for the capacitive load of 50fF

The average power consumed by the cmos inverter when 50pF load is connected is 5.911 uW.


CONCLUSION:1. If the width of the PMOS is increased the transfer characteristics would shift towards right.2. The threshold point obtained is 735.392mV for PMOS width of 290nm.3. The propagation delay obtained is 3.951ps and we can observe that tplh< tphl.4. The average power dissipated by a CMOS inverter increases as we increase the load capacitance.5. Average power consumed by a CMOS inverter

a) Without load capacitance: 187.6 nWb) With 20fF load capacitance: 2.479 uWc) With 50fF load capacitance: 5.911 uW

REFERENCES:

1. Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits- Behzad Razavi.

2. Digital integrated circuits(A design perspective)- Jan M. Rabaey

digital experiment 2

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