The DIFFERENCES between Universal Grammar in L1 Acquisition and Universal

Grammar in L2 Acquisition

First Language Acquisition Second Language Acquisition

1. In L1 acquisition, the basis for learning is universal grammar alone.

In L2 acquisition, knowledge of the first language also serves as a basis for learning the second language.

2. children spend several years listening to language, babbling, and using telegraphic speech before they can form sentences.

learning is more rapid and people are able to form sentences within a shorter period of time.

3. They know the language without grammatical structures.

They can consciously analyze and manipulate grammatical structures, and they can explicitly describe how language works.

First Language Acquisition Second Language Acquisition

4. Access to universal grammar because it is derived from the innate processes.

There may be less access to universal grammar, and sensitivity to phonological distinctions not present in the native language will be reduced.

5. First-language learners always attain native proficiency, unless they have a disability that affects language learning.

Students learning in a classroom setting may also have fewer opportunities to learn language authentically.

6. Learners have many chances to practice with native speakers (especially caregivers)

Learners may or may not have the opportunity to practice extensively with native speakers.

7. Acquiring a first language happens naturally

Acquiring a second language often requires conscious effort on the part of the learner.