difference islamic bond & conventional
DESCRIPTION
Perbedaan antara perhitungan dan penatausahaan hutang dalam islam dan secara konvensional.TRANSCRIPT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ISLAMIC BOND AND CONVENTIONAL BOND ALSO HOW TO VALUE ISLAMIC
BOND
By: Samudra Gunadharma
Conven&onal Bond Islamic Bond
Bonds do not give the holder a share of ownership of assets, project, business or joint ventures they support The proceed funds can be used to finance any assets, project, business, or joint ventures that complies with country or local legislaNon Each bond represents a share of debt The face value of a bond price is based on the issuer’s credit worthiness (including its raNng) Bondholder do not bear any assets, project, business, or joint ventures risk with company
Islamic Bond (known as Sukuk) give the investor parNal ownership in the assets, project, business OR joint ventures which the Sukuk are based The proceed funds can be used to finance assets, project, business or joint venture that ONLY complies with Islamic Law Each Sukuk represents a share of the underlying assets, project, business, or Joint Ventures The face value of Sukuk is based on the market value of the underlying assets, project, business or joint ventures The holder do share any assets, project, business, or joint ventures risk with company
TYPE OF ISLAMIC BOND (KNOWN AS SUKUK)
IJARAH-‐BASED BOND
MUDHARABAH-‐BASED BOND
IJARAH-‐BASED BOND
INVESTORS (SHAHIBUL MAAL)
COMPANY (MUDHARIB) ACT AS OPERATOR
FUND (RP/$)
FIXED PAYMENT PORTION OF RENTAL OR LEASE PAYMENT (RP/$)
PURCHASE (RP/$) ASSETS
RENT OR LEASE
USER
RENTAL OR LEASE PAYMENT (RP/$)
BOND CERTIFICATE
BOND CERTIFICATE (AT THE END TERMS)
FUND (RP/$) (AT THE END TERMS)
IJARAH-‐BASED BOND
• Investors hold the N[le of assets. Company act as an operator. • By the end of the terms, assets will liquidated at agreed market value. The proceed are
transferred to Investors • LiquidaNon of assets could be either repurchase by company or sell to another party Value of t t
Ijarah-‐Based = Σ Inflow + Price + Σ Cost of OperaNon + Management Fee (if any) Bond t=1 (1+r)t (1+r)t t=1 (1+r)t
Inflow(PVIFA) + Price(PV) + Cost of OperaNon(PVIFA) + Management Fee (If any)
Where: Inflow = Fixed Payment PorNon received by Investor t = Time Horizon Price = Agreed Market Value of Assets at the end of terms Cost of OperaNon = EsNmated Cost for OperaNon of Assets during the terms r = InflaNon Rate plus Investor Risk Premium Like ConvenNonal Bond, there is a TRUSTEE that act on behalf of Investors
MUDHARABAH-‐BASED BOND
INVESTORS (SHAHIBUL MAAL)
COMPANY (MUDHARIB) ACT AS INVESTOR
FUND (RP/$)
PROJECT, ACQUIRE BUSINESS OR JOINT VENTURES
FUND (RP/$)
GENERATING INCOME ACTIVITY
MANAGING FUND
RETURN (RP/$)
RETURN (RP/$)
PAYMENT OF RETURN EITHER BY PROFIT SHARING OR REVENUE SHARING (RP/$)
BOND CERTIFICATE
BOND CERTIFICATE (AT THE END TERM)
FUND (RP/$)
MUDHARABAH-‐BASED BOND
• Investor simply giving fund to The Company. The Company act as investor to the project, acquire business or joint ventures.
• Project, business or joint ventures receive fund from The Company, and managing the fund for generaNng income.
• If there is a purchase of assets, in generaNng income, those assets sNll owned by the project, business, or joint ventures.
• Return may be volaNle. Investors could receive NOT fixed payment • Payment to Investors, by The Company, is depend on Contract Agreement. Either by Profit
Sharing, which is pay some porNon of Net Income, OR Revenue Sharing, which is pay some porNon of Gross Profit.
• At the end of terms, company will return all of Investors fund with agreed upon value. • Must have Projected Income Statement in terms of ValuaNon Value of t
Mudharabah-‐Based = Σ Inflow + Value Bond t=1 (1+r)t (1+r)t
Where: Inflow = Payment of Return (may NOT equal payment over period!) Value = Agreed Upon Value of Project, Business, or Joint Ventures t = Time Horizon r = InflaNon Rate plus Investor Risk Premium Like ConvenNonal Bond, there is a TRUSTEE that act on behalf of Investors
COMMON BUSINESS PRACTICE
• In Mudharabah-‐Based Bond, there are two type of agreement. Mudharabah Mutlaqah, where Investors give The Company free opNon to Invest in any kind of Project, Business or Joint Ventures as long as comply with Islamic Law. And Mudharabah Muqayyadah, where Investors already instruct The Company to Invest in CERTAIN Project, Business or Joint Ventures which also must comply with Islamic Law too
• Mostly, in Indonesia financial market, in terms of Mudharabah Bond the agreement used Mudharabah Muqayyadah and payment scheme to Investors is Revenue Sharing
• Any fees that arise from Issuing these Bonds (Both Ijarah-‐Based or Mudharabah-‐Based) are deducNng the fund proceed
• In Ijarah-‐Based Bond: • SomeNmes, the agreed Market Value of Assets is add by margin; • The Company can act as user too regarding the type of assets; • Mostly, in world financial market, the liquidaNon of assets se[led by
repurchase of asset by The Company • Investor Risk Premium calculated based by Islamic Cost of Capital è Say Whizz
Khalifa “ See You Again”
CONTOH SOAL 1
PT Angin-‐anginan menerbitkan Sukuk Mudharabah untuk membiayai Proyek senilai Rp 300 Milyar. Kupon bagi hasil ditetapkan sebesar 30% yang bersifat Revenue Sharing. Sukuk ini jatuh tempo dalam 5 tahun dan pembayaran kupon ke Investor akan dilakukan secara periodik seNap tahun. Berikut proyeksi Pendapatan dan Harga Pokok Pendapatan serta Beban selama 5 tahun ke depan Tahun 1 Tahun 2 Tahun 3 Tahun 4 Tahun 5 Sales 100 125 140 180 205 COGS (80) (95) (110) (125) (135) Expense (10) (15) (20) (30) (35) (inc. Tax) Apabila Nngkat Inflasi 8% per tahun dan Investor Risk Premium sebesar 4%. Berapakah Nilai Sukuk Mudharabah Perseroan?
CONTOH SOAL 2 & 3
PT Jadwal Telat Airlines berencana menerbitkan Sukuk Ijarah untuk pembelian Pesawat senilai Rp 100 Milyar dengan spesifikasi seluruhnya kelas ekonomi sebanyak 200 tempat duduk dengan rata-‐rata penjualan Nket per tahun per penumpang adalah Rp 75 juta. Sukuk ini akan membayarkan kupon sebesar 30% dari pendapatan pengoperasian secara periodik tahunan dan jatuh tempo 10 tahun kemudian. Nilai Pesawat pada akhir tahun kesepuluh disepakaN sebesar 70% dari Nilai sekarang dimana nilai tersebut sudah termasuk margin sebesar 20%. PT Jadwal Telat Airlines berencana akan menggunakan pesawat tersebut sebagai bagian armadanya untuk seterusnya. Adapun biaya yang terkait dengan pengoperasian pesawat diperkirakan sebesar Rp 3 Milyar per tahun dan ada Management Fee sebesar Rp 5 Milyar. Jika Inflasi diperkirakan sebesar 7% dan Investor Risk Premium sebesar 5% berapakah Nilai Sukuk Ijarah tersebut?
Robert Paijo Al-‐Akhtar Simatupang memiliki masing-‐masing SerNfikat Sukuk Mudharabah PT Angin-‐anginan sebanyak 20% kupon yang beredar dan SerNfikat Sukuk Ijarah PT Jadwal Telat Airlines sebanyak 35% kupon yang beredar dan akan menggunakan kedua instrumen investasi tersebut sebagai mahar pernikahannya trimester depan. Merry MegitawaN Rossi binN ValenNno Rossi sudah membuat perjanjian, dengan seizin Ayahnya, bersedia dinikahi oleh Robert Paijo Al-‐Akhtar Simatupang apabila diberikan mahar senilai Rp 75 Milyar. Apakah pernikahan Robert Paijo Al-‐Akhtar Simatupang dengan Merry MegitawaN Rossi binN ValenNno Rossi dapat terlaksana trimester depan?
REFERENCE: Dinna Rohmatunnisaa, Design of Ijarah Sukuk, Thesis on MA Finance & Investment, University of Notngham 2008 Irni Yunita, The Development, Scheme, Risk & Fair Market Value of Sukuk Ijarah & Mudharabah in Indonesia, American Journal of Economics Vol. 5 No. 2 Year 2015 Djamaludeen, Faleel Islamic Finance for Dummies, Effot University, September 2012