Presetation Presetation

Difference between Database and Expert System

Presented by: Presented by:

Junaid Khan

University of Peshawar Pakistan

Junaid_upesh@yahoo.com

Overview of Artificial Overview of Artificial IntelligenceIntelligence

Artificial intelligence:Artificial intelligence: It is the set of methods andIt is the set of methods and techniques to techniques to

develop such a computer system that shows develop such a computer system that shows intelligent behaviour.intelligent behaviour.

Artificial intelligence systemsArtificial intelligence systems• The people, procedures, hardware, The people, procedures, hardware,

software, data, and knowledge needed software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate the machines that demonstrate the characteristics of intelligencecharacteristics of intelligence

Artificialintelligence

Major Branches of AIMajor Branches of AI

• Vision systemVision system The computer vision is that field of AI in

which the computer is made able to see and then understand what it sees.

• RoboticsRobotics Mechanical and computer devices that perform Mechanical and computer devices that perform

tedious tasks with high precisiontedious tasks with high precision

• Expert systemExpert system Stores knowledge and makes inferencesStores knowledge and makes inferences

Major Branches of AIMajor Branches of AI

• Natural language processingNatural language processing Concern with the automatic understanding

and generation of natural language by computer.

Uses AI technique which enable the computer to understand and generate natural language.

• Neural networkNeural network The branch of AI that deals with the development

of Artificial brain is known as neural network.

Expert SystemsExpert Systems

Definition:Definition:

Expert Systems are interactive Expert Systems are interactive computer programs that use computer programs that use knowledge and inference procedures knowledge and inference procedures to solve problems, in a specific to solve problems, in a specific domain, that are sufficiently complex domain, that are sufficiently complex as to require significant human as to require significant human expertise for their solution.expertise for their solution.

Components of Expert Components of Expert SystemSystem

Knowledge baseKnowledge base• The knowledge Base contains facts about The knowledge Base contains facts about

objects in the chosen domain and objects in the chosen domain and relationship.relationship.

• Most of the AI programs focus on a Most of the AI programs focus on a specific domain or sphere of interest.specific domain or sphere of interest.

Inference engineInference engine• The inference engine analyzes the knowledge The inference engine analyzes the knowledge

and draw conclusion from it.and draw conclusion from it.

Cont…Cont…

User interfaceUser interface• The user interface software permits new The user interface software permits new

knowledge to be entered into the knowledge to be entered into the knowledge base and implements knowledge base and implements communication with the user.communication with the user.

Data base Data base (from crash course)(from crash course)

• It is a portion of working memoryIt is a portion of working memory

• Store current status of the problem Store current status of the problem solving process.solving process.

Cont …Cont …

Newly inferred fact are added to Newly inferred fact are added to the data base.the data base.

The data base also store initial The data base also store initial condition of the problem to be condition of the problem to be solved.solved.

Data base also store the list of Data base also store the list of rules that have been fired and in rules that have been fired and in what sequence.what sequence.

Database system:Database system:

A database is any organized collection A database is any organized collection of data.of data. Some examples of databases Some examples of databases you may encounter in your daily life you may encounter in your daily life are: are: • a telephone book a telephone book • T.V. Guide T.V. Guide • airline reservation system airline reservation system • motor vehicle registration records motor vehicle registration records • papers in your filing cabinet papers in your filing cabinet • files on your computer hard drivefiles on your computer hard drive

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BOTHDIFFERENCE BETWEEN BOTH....

An expert system program uses the An expert system program uses the symbol in non-algorithmic method to symbol in non-algorithmic method to draw the conclusion but the draw the conclusion but the database uses numeric method.database uses numeric method.

the expert system can give the the expert system can give the answer to the queries by using its answer to the queries by using its internal knowledge and rules though internal knowledge and rules though the ans is not present in the the ans is not present in the knowledge base directly.knowledge base directly.

Cont…Cont…

A data base program only retrieves A data base program only retrieves the stored data but the expert the stored data but the expert system can also explain the system can also explain the reasoning of retrieved facts.reasoning of retrieved facts.

An expert system is conversational in An expert system is conversational in nature while a database lack this nature while a database lack this property.property.

KnowledgeKnowledge RetrievalRetrieval::

From database:From database:• Using short sql qureriesUsing short sql qureries

From Expert system:From Expert system:• Using inference engineUsing inference engine

StorageStorage........

In database system:In database system:• In the form of a table..In the form of a table..

in expert system:in expert system:• In the form of list..In the form of list..

Inferenceengine

Explanationfacility

Knowledgebase

acquisitionfacility

Userinterface

Knowledgebase

Experts User

Expert system:Expert system:

UserUser DBMSDBMS DatabaseDatabase

Database system:Database system:

Explanation FacilityExplanation Facility

Explanation facilityExplanation facility• A part of the expert system that allows a A part of the expert system that allows a

user or decision maker to understand user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or resultsconclusions or results

Knowledge Acquisition FacilityKnowledge Acquisition Facility

• Knowledge acquisition facilityKnowledge acquisition facility Provides a convenient and efficient means of Provides a convenient and efficient means of

capturing and storing all components of the capturing and storing all components of the knowledge baseknowledge base

Knowledgebase

Knowledgeacquisition

facility

Joe Expert

Domain expertDomain expert• The individual or group whose expertise and The individual or group whose expertise and

knowledge is captured for use in an expert knowledge is captured for use in an expert systemsystem

Knowledge userKnowledge user• The individual or group who uses and benefits The individual or group who uses and benefits

from the expert systemfrom the expert system Knowledge engineerKnowledge engineer

• Someone trained or experienced in the design, Someone trained or experienced in the design, development, implementation, and development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert systemmaintenance of an expert system

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