- 1 -

B GIO DC V O TO I HC NNG

BI VN V

NGHIN CU H THNG IU KHIN MY PHT IN GI CM NG KCH T KP

Chuyn ngnh: T ng ha M s: 60.52.60

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

Nng, Nm 2012

- 2 -

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti I HC NNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. NGUYN C THNH

Phn bin 1: PGS.TS. NGUYN HNG ANH

Phn bin 2: TS. TRN NH KHI QUC

Lun vn c bo v ti Hi ng chm Lun vn tt nghip thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2012

C th tm hiu lun vn ti: - Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng - Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng.

- 3 -

M U

1) L do chn ti: - Nng lng l mt trong nhng nhu cu thit yu ca con ngi

v l mt yu t u vo khng th thiu c ca hot ng kinh t. - Ngy nay, tr lng than, du, kh ang ngy cng cn kit. - Hin nay Vit Nam c nhiu thun li pht trin in

gi.Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh sn xut, lp t r hn cng nh vic iu khin cc my pht in gi c d dng.

- Qua y chng ta nhn thy rng tnh hnh khai thc nng lng gi cha xng tm vi tim nng hin c, v vic khai thc tt tim nng ny phc v cho nhu cu nng lng l vic lm cp thit.

- Vi cc l do trn, tc gi la chn ti Nghin cu h thng iu khin my pht in gi cm ng kch t kp lm ti nghin cu vi mong mun tha mn cc yu cu ra. 2) Mc tiu ca ti:

- Nghin cu thut ton iu khin v m phng my pht in gi cm ng trn Matlab. 3) i tng v phm vi nghin cu:

- Phn tch hot ng, iu khin my pht in gi cm ng kch t kp DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator).

- M hnh ha ca cc thnh phn trong h thng nng lng gi. - S dng Matlab m phng my pht in gi cm ng kch t

kp DFIG vi s thay i vn tc gi. 4) Phng php nghin cu:

- Nghin cu l thuyt v tm hiu cu to v cu trc truyn ng ca turbine gi .

- S dng phn mm Matlab tnh ton v m phng. - nh gi kt qu v xut hng pht trin ca ti.

- 4 -

5) ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti: Hin nay trn th gii trong c Vit nam vic pht trin v

trin khai d n nng lng gi p ng s dng in hin nay cng nh trong tng lai l nhu cu cp thit.

Vic nghin cu thut iu khin my pht in gi cm ng kch t kp gp phn khn nh vn pht trin v kh nng trin khai ng dng l thuyt iu khin cho my pht in gi. 6) Cu trc lun vn:

Ngoi phn m u, phn kt thc v ph lc. Lun vn gm c 4 chng. C th nh sau:

Chng 1: Tng quan v nng lng gi th gii v Vit Nam Chng 2: Nguyn l my pht in gi. Chng 3: M hnh thut ton my pht in gi cm ng kch

t kp. Chng 4: Thut ton iu khin v m phng h thng my

pht in gi cm ng kch t kp.

- 5 -

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V NNG LNG GI

1.1 Thc trng nng lng v mi trng Nng lng l mt trong cc iu kin thit yu trong i sng

con ngi v l mt yu t u vo khng th thiu c ca mi hot ng kinh t.

Ngy nay, tr lng than, du, kh ang ngy cng cn kit. Mt khc, khi dng chng pht in s pht thi kh nh knh vo kh quyn, tri t ngy cng nng ln, gy bin i kh hu ton cu. Cc tai ha nh hn hn, bo lt xy ra trn ton th gii ngy cng trm trng. 1.2 Tnh hnh s dng in gi hin nay v nhng trin vng

trong tng lai Trong gn 10 nm tr li y n mi khng nh c v tr trn

th trng nng lng th gii khi sn lng in gi tng trng mt cch ngon mc vi tc 28%/nm, cao nht trong tt c cc ngun nng lng hin c.

Tin b v cng ngh c tnh t ph gip gim gi thnh in gi xung nhiu ln, ng thi tng cng sut, hiu qu v tin cy ca cc trm in gi. 1.3 Tim nng v tnh hnh khai thc in gi ti Vit Nam 1.3.1. Kh nng khai thc nng lng gi ti Vit Nam

- Theo bn phn b cc cp tc gi ca t chc Kh tng th gii v bn phn b cc cp tc gi ca khu vc ng Nam , do t chc True Wind Solutions LLC (M) lp theo yu cu ca Ngn hng Th gii, xut bn nm 2001, cho thy: Khu vc ven bin t Bnh nh n Bnh Thun, Ty Nguyn, dy Trng Sn pha bc trung b, nhiu ni c tc gi t t 7.0; 8.0 v 9.0 m/giy, c th pht in vi cng sut ln (ni li in quc gia), hu ht ven bin

- 6 -

cn li trn lnh th, mt s ni, vng ni trong t lin... tc gi t t 5.0 n 6.0 m/giy, c th khai thc gi kt hp iden to ngun in c lp cung cp cho hi o, vng su, vng xa. 1.3.2 Kh nng khai thc nng lng gi Vit Nam ti cc cao khc nhau 1.3.2.1 Ti cao 10m trn mt t 1.3.2.2 Ti cao 20m trn mt t 1.3.2.3 Ti cao 40m trn mt t 1.3.2.4 Ti cao 60m trn mt t 1.3.3. Bn phn b nng lng gi Vit Nam

Bn phn b nng lng gi Vit Nam trn t lin v trn bin.

Hnh 1.3 Tim nng gi trong t lin cao 65m. Ngun : Ngn hng th gii

1.4 Tnh hnh khai thc in gi ti Vit Nam Cng ngay t u thp k 90 ca th k trc, mt s nh u t

v chuyn gia v nng lng gi ca c, Ty Ban Nha, B, Italia, M... tip xc v tm hiu v ngun nng lng gi Vit Nam, cng xut hp tc hoc ti tr, xy dng cc trm pht in sc gi ti Vit Nam nh: Nh my in gi ti huyn o Bch Long V,

- 7 -

TP. Hi Phng. Cng sut 800kW, Ph Qu vi cng sut thit k (giai on 1) l 3MW, cng trnh Nh my phong in Phng Mai 3 chnh thc c khi cng xy dng ti a bn hai x Ct Chnh v Ct Tin, bn o Phng Mai (huyn Ph Ct, tnh Bnh nh), D n in gi ti huyn Tuy Phong-Bnh Thun 1.5 Cc d n pht trin in gi ang thc hin

Hai d n in gi ti Quy Nhn: Cng sut d kin l 51MW v 84MW do cng ty Gravbovski ca c thc hin.

D n in gi ti huyn Tuy Phong-Bnh Thun cng ty c phn Nng lng ti to Vit Nam (REVN) vi tng cng sut d n l 120 MW. Nh my in gi vi cng sut 50MW, ti x Phc Minh, huyn Ninh Phc.

- 8 -

CHNG 2 CU TO V NGUYN L CA H THNG

NNG LNG GI 2.1 Nng lng gi

Xt mt khi khng kh c khi lng m chuyn ng vi vn tc v. ng nng ca n E c cho bi.

2.2 ng cong cng sut ca turbine gi

Hnh 2.1. th mi tng quan gia cng sut v vn tc gi

v m

A ] [J

21 2mE =

WINDSPEED (m/s)

- 9 -

2.3 Cu to ca turbine gi. 2.3.1 Cc b phn chnh trong turbine gi (Trc ngang) 2.3.2 Cc dng turbine gi 2.3.2.1 Turbine gi trc ng. 2.3.2.2 Turbine gi trc ngang. 2.4 My pht trong h thng turbine gi 2.4.1 My pht ng b. 2.4.2 My pht khng ng b: 2.5 H thng iu khin turbine gi 2.5.1 H thng iu khin gc pitch v iu chnh hng turbine

Vi cc turbine gi gc pitch thay i, cc cnh qut c kh nng xoay quanh u trc , iu chnh din tch b mt hng gi ca cnh turbine n nh tc . 2.5.2 Cng sut thu c ca turbine gi

p32

p3 C

21C

21

pi RPm == [W]

ng cong hiu sut turbine

Hnh 2.17. ng cong hiu sut turbine

Cp

0 1/3 1

0.6

d

- 10 -

Vy cng sut ln nht m turbine gi c th thu c :

Pm max = 3

21

2716

v

2.5.3 Tng quan gia tc v cng sut ng ra ca turbine gi

Hnh 2.18. Quan h cng sut ng ra vi vn tc gi v tc T th nhn thy rng ng vi mi vn tc gi, tn ti mt tc

ca turbine cho cng sut ng ra cc i. 2.5.4 B phn chuyn i cng sut.

Hin nay trong cc turbine gi thng s dng b chuyn i ngun in p back-to-back.

ng cong cng sut ti u

Tc turbine wtr (pu)

C

n

g

s

u

t

n

g

r

a

DC

Hnh 2.21. Cu trc ca b chuyn i ngun in p back-to-back

- 11 -

2.5.5 Mch lin kt DC 2.6 S truyn ng v hiu sut ca my pht 2.7 Cc cch thc hot ng ca turbine gi 2.7.1 Turbine gi tc c nh

Hnh 2.25. S turbine gi tc c nh dng my pht cm ng.

Thng thng turbine gi tc c nh gm my pht cm ng rotor lng sc kt ni li, vi mt b khi ng mm v mt b t b cng sut phn khng. 2.7.2 Turbine gi tc thay i

Hin ti c hai dng thng c s dng l : Turbine gi my in cm ng kch t kp (Doubly fed induction

generator ) (DFIG). Turbine gi my in ng b vi b chuyn i ton phn (Full

size converter). 2.7.3 Turbine gi my in cm ng kch t kp (DFIG)

Hnh 2.26. S turbine gi tc thay i dng my pht DFIG

- 12 -

Trong h thng ch mt phn cng sut i qua b chuyn i cng sut, nh vy gi thnh ca b chuyn i v h thng s thp hn so vi h thng chuyn i hon ton khi ton b cng sut i qua b chuyn i. 2.7.3 My in ng b vi b chuyn i ton phn (Full size converter)

Hnh 2.27. S turbine gi tc thay i dng b chuyn i ton phn my pht ng b

Trong h thng b chuyn i bin i ton b cng sut ca my pht, do vy c th iu khin c chnh xc cng sut phn khng v cng sut tc dng vo li.

- 13 -

CHNG 3 M HNH THUT TON MY PHT IN GI CM NG

KCH T KP 3.1 M hnh gi

Vn tc gi c th c tnh ton sau: Vwind(t) = vwa + vwr(t) + vwg(t) + vwt(t) M hnh gi c to trn simulink nh hnh

3.2 M hnh rotor turbine gi Moment ng hc c th xc nh theo h s CP theo cng thc.

Pwtr CRT pi 25.0= M hnh rotor turbine gi nh hnh

Hnh 3.2. S m phng rotor turbine gi 3.3 M hnh truyn ng

Phng trnh truyn ng c m t

Hnh 3.1. S m phng m hnh gi

- 14 -

dtdJTT mechwtrm

='

(3.3)

Momen qun tnh tng ng

2gear

wtrech k

JJJ += (3.4)

Momen turbine gi tng ng

2'

gear

wtrwtr k

TT = (3.5)

s m hnh rotor turbine gi nh hnh

Hnh 3.3. S m phng m hnh truyn ng

3.4 M hnh my in 3.4.1. M hnh my pht in khng ng b (My in cm ng ) 3.4.2. M hnh my pht in cm ng rotor dy qun trong h trc ABC/abc 3.4.3. M hnh my in cm ng rotor dy qun trong h ta tham chiu d-q vung gc.

Phng trnh in p stator.

- 15 -

e

qs

e

dsedss

e

ds dtd

iRv += (3.12)

e

ds

e

qseqss

e

qs dtd

iRv

++=

Phng trnh in p rotor.

e

drrs

e

dsedrr

e

dr dtdiRv )( += (3.13)

e

qrrs

e

qseqrr

e

qr dtd

iRv )( ++= (3.13)

Momen in t.

)(23)(

23)(

23 e

dse

qre

qse

dre

dse

qse

qse

dse

qre

dre

dre

qre iipiipiipT === (3.14) (3.14)

3.5 M hnh my in cm ng kch t kp (DFIG)

3.5.1 S tng ng DFIG ch xc lp

Hnh 3.8. S tng ng DFIG ch xc lp

Cc phng trnh in p

)( Rmrsmsslsssss IIILjILjIRV ++++= (3.15)

)( Rmrsmsrlrsrrr IIILjILjIs

Rs

V++++= (3.16)

)(0 RmrsmsRmm IIILjIR +++= (3.17)

Rm

Rs

Vs sV r

j1Lm IRm

jsLlr Ir Rr/s Is jsLls

- 16 - trt

s

rss

= (3.18)

T thng khe h khng kh, t thng stator v t thng rotor xc nh bi.

)( Rmrsmm IIIL ++= (3.19)

mslsRmrsmslss ILIIILIL +=+++= )( (3.20)

mrlrRmrsmrlrr ILIIILIL +=+++= )( (3.21)

Cng sut stator v rotor khi b qua cc tn tht xc nh bi.

[ ] [ ] [ ]**22 Im3Im333Re rmsrmsRmmssss IIIRIRSP ++== & (3.31)

[ ] [ ] [ ]**2 Im3Im33Re rmsrmsrrrr IsIsIRSP == & (3.32)

Cng sut c sinh ra bi DFIG xc nh bi [ ] [ ] [ ]*** Im3Im3Im3 rmslrmsrmsm IIsIP == (3.33)

Nh vy :

ms Ps

P

=

11

mr Ps

sP

=

1 (3.34)

T y ta rt ra nhn xt, s phn b cng sut tc dng gia cc cun dy stator v rotor ca my pht DFIG ph thuc vo h s trt.

Ty thuc vo iu kin vn hnh ca h thng, cng sut qua mch rotor c th i theo hai chiu :

T li qua b chuyn i cng sut n rotor khi di tc ng b, Pr < 0.

- 17 -

T rotor qua b chuyn i cng sut n li khi trn tc ng b, Pr > 0.

Trong c hai trng hp trn Ps u pht cng sut v li, Ps >0. 3.5.2 M hnh ng ca DFIG

Mch in tng ng

Hnh 3.10. Mch in tng ng m hnh ng DFIG trong h trc ta tham chiu d-q

Phng trnh in p stator

dtdiRv

e

dseqss

e

dsse

ds += (3.38)

dtd

iRve

qsedss

e

qsse

qs

++= (3.39)

Phng trnh in p rotor

dtdiRv

e

dreqrrs

e

drre

dr += )( (3.40)

Ledsv

Rs s eqs

e

drv

+

e

dsi

+

-

+

-

-

+

Llr (s r) eqs Rr

-

e

dri

Leqsv

Rs s eds +

e

qsi

+

-

+

-

-

+

Llr (s r) eds Rr

-

e

qri

e

qrv

Trc d

Trc q

- 18 -

dtd

iRve

qredrrs

e

qrre

qr

++= )( (3.41)

T thng mc vng

+

+

+

+

=

e

qr

e

dr

e

qs

e

ds

mlrm

mlrm

mmls

mmls

e

qr

e

dr

e

qs

e

ds

ii

ii

L L0L 00L L0L

L0L L0 0L0L L

(3.42)

Momen in t Te cho bi

)(23)(

23)(

23 e

dse

qre

qse

dre

dse

qse

qse

dse

qre

dre

dre

qre iipiipiipT === (3.43)

- 19 - CHNG 4

THUT TON IU KHIN V M PHNG H THNG DFIG

4.1 Nhng vn chung khi kt ni cc turbine gi vi li in. 4.1.1 iu khin cng sut tc dng 4.1.2. Khong tn s hot ng 4.1.3 iu chnh in p v b cng sut phn khng 4.2 Thut ton iu khin ca Turbine gi my in cm ng kch t kp (DFIG). 4.2.1. C s l thuyt ca vic iu khin.

nh hng h trc ta quay d-q.

Hnh 4.2. Mi quan h gi cc i lng trong h trc ta v d-q

4.2.2. iu khin c lp cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng pha stator

Cng sut tc dng Ps , cng sut phn khng Qs v momen in t Te .

e

drss

me

dsss iuiuP LL

23

23

== (4.14)

)LL

L(

23 e

qrs

m

s

e

qsss iuQ =

(4.15)

e

dre

qss

me ipT L

L23

= (4.16)

q

e

qrv

e

rv

e

drv

d

s

e

ds uv =

s

- 20 - Vi us v s ln lt l in p v tn s li c xem nh

khng i. Theo (4.14) v (4.15) ta thy cng sut tc dng Ps v cng sut phn khng Qs c th iu khin c lp thng qua edri v eqri . 4.3 H thng iu khin v kt qu m phng turbine gi tc thay i my pht DFIG kt ni vi li in.

T cc phng trnh ton ta xy dng s khi ca my pht in chy sc gi s dng my in d b rotor dy qun DFIG.

Hnh 4.4. S khi h thng iu khin turbine gi

Vic iu khin turbine gi thng l iu khin tc turbine gi v iu khin b chuyn i cng sut i vi cc turbine gi kt ni li thng qua b AC-DC-AC.

Hp s

P Pt

Power converte

Knh iu khin DFIG

iu khin pha rotor

iu khin pha li

Knh iu khin Turbine

iu khin cng sut iu khin tc

Vn hnh h thng

mea

r

N

M

mea

dcU

refsP

refnP

mea

nPrefsQ ref

dcU

mea

sQ

mea

sP

mea

firefpitch

mea

ri

- 21 - 4.3.1. Knh iu khin turbine

Cung cp tn hiu iu khin ref trc tip cho b chp hnh gc

pitch v tn hiu iu khin cng sut tc dng refsP cho knh iu

khin DFIG.

4.3.2. Knh iu khin DFIG Knh iu khin DFIG bao gm iu khin b bin i cng sut

pha rotor v iu khin b bin i cng sut pha li. 4.3.2.1. iu khin b bin i cng sut pha rotor

Cng sut u ra thc t ca turbine c o ti pha li in v c tham chiu vi ng c tnh cng sut tc ca turbine DFIG. S dng mt b tch phn t l (PI) iu chnh sai lch cng sut tin v khng. u ra ca b iu chnh ny l dng in refqrI c

a vo b chuyn i rotor. 4.3.2.2 iu khin b bin i cng sut pha li

S dng b iu khin cng sut pha li nhm mc ch iu chnh in p trn mi ni DC ca t in. Ngoi ra , m hnh cho php b chuyn i cng sut pha li pht ra hoc hp thu cng sut phn khng.

4.3.3 H thng iu khin gc pitch Khi tc gi thp hn gi tr nh mc, cng sut u ra cha

t n gii hn h thng iu khin gc picth v tr ti u, Trong trng hp tc gi ln hn gi tr nh mc, knh iu khin hiu chnh gc pitch lc bt cng sut.

4.4 M phng t my pht in turbine gi tc thay i s dng my in cm ng ngun i ( DFIG) kt ni li in.

- 22 - 4.4.1. M t m hnh t my pht in turbine gi ( DFIG) kt ni li in.

T my pht in gi 9MW gm 6 turbine gi cng sut mi turbine 1.5MW c u n h thng phn phi 22KV v kt ni n li 110KV thng qua ng dy 20km.

4.4.2. S h thng t my pht in turbine gi ( DFIG) kt ni li in 4.4.3 S m phng turbine gi v my pht in DFIG.

Hnh 4.10. S turbine gi my pht in DFIG 4.4.3.1. M hnh my in DFIG

- S cu trc my pht in DFIG - Cc thng s ca turbine gi v my pht in DFIG

4.4.3.2. Khi iu khin DFIG 4.4.3.3. Khi bin i dng in v cng sut pha li 4.5. Kt qu m phng turbine gi p ng vi s thay i vn tc gi

- 23 -

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16Toc do gio

Thoi gian[s]

T

o

c

d

o

[

m

/

s

]

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

1

2

3

4

5

6

7Goc Pitch

Thoi gian[s]

G

o

c

P

i

t

c

h

[

D

o

]

4.5.1.Tc gi v gc pitch ca turbine

Hnh 4.15.Tc gi v gc pitch ca turbine gi my phtDFIG

4.5.2.Tc my pht

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4Toc do tren truc Roto

Thoi gian[s]

T

o

c

d

o

[

p

u

]

Hnh 4.16 Dng sng tc trn Rotor my pht in DFIG

- 24 - 4.5.3. Cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9Cong suat tac dung dau cuc may phat

Thoi gian[s]

C

o

n

g

s

u

a

t

t

a

c

d

u

n

g

[

M

W

]

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6Cong suat phan khang dau cuc may phat

Thoi gian[s]

C

o

n

g

s

u

a

t

p

h

a

n

k

h

a

n

g

[

M

v

a

r

]

Hnh 4.17. Dng sng tc dng v cng sut phn khng my pht in DFIG

- 25 -

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500.999

0.9995

1

1.0005

1.001

1.0015

1.002

1.0025Dien ap tren thanh gop B575

Thoi gian[s]

D

i

e

n

a

p

[

p

u

]

4.5.4.Dng in v in p trn thanh gp B575

Hnh 4.18. Dng sng in p trn thanh gp B575

Nhn xt

Khi tc gi nh hn gii hn 14m/s, gc pitch cnh qut l 0 . Khi tc gi vt qu gii hn nht nh, gc pitch cnh qut tng ln gim bt nng lng thu vo, Tc gi cng ln th gc pich cng tng khi tc gi gim th gc pitch cng gim xung. Khi vn

tc gi tng, cng sut tc dng dng in v in p ng ra ca cc turbine gi cng gia tng tng ng.

- 26 -

KT LUN V KIN NGH

Sau mt thi gian nghin cu v lm vic nghim tc, c s gip nhit tnh ca TS. Nguyn c Thnh v cc thy gio trong khoa n ny lun vn hon thnh ng thi gian v gii quyt c cc ni dung v kt qu ban u gm:

Mt s kt qu t c ca lun vn

Gii thiu lch s pht trin nng lng gi, tnh hnh s dng in gi hin nay v nhng trin vng trong tng lai, tim nng v tnh hnh khai thc in gi ti Vit Nam.

Phn tch nng lng trong gi Xy dng m hnh gi, m hnh rotor turbine gi, m hnh truyn

ng, m hnh my in, m hnh my pht in khng ng b, m hnh b chuyn i cng sut.

Trnh by nhng vn chung khi kt ni cc turbine gi vi li in, cc cch thc hot ng ca turbine gi, kim sot cng sut ng vo, h thng iu khin gc pitch v iu chnh hng turbine.

Hng pht trin trong tng lai - Cc k thut iu khin turbine gi hin i nh mng neuron,

logic m

- n nh tn s khi nng lng gi l mt thnh phn trong tng th h thng nng lng

- Kho st cc nh hng ca h thng nhiu my pht in gi cng sut ln.