dietary requirements for babies, children, adolescents, adults, elderly people and pregnant women....
TRANSCRIPT
Dietary Requirements Dietary Requirements
For Babies, Children, Adolescents, Adults, Elderly people and Pregnant
women.
© PDST Home Economics.
BabiesBabies Time of rapid growth First 6 months-breast or
formula milk Breast feeding adv. = antibodies, sterile, properly
balanced, convenient and free. Needs solids to supplement
milk after 6 months so weaning begins after 4 months.
Use fresh fruit and veg, starch and protein pureed
Do not add sugar or salt.
ChildrenChildren Time of rapid growth Need protein
vitamins minerals and energy foods
Encourage healthy eating patterns – parental example
Attractive small nutritious meals and healthy snacks
Don’t add salt and sugar
Meals based on regular family meals
Sweets, crisps, bars, biscuits etc.. Not part of normal diet
Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, fruit, veg., meats, pulses, eggs, cheese, milk.
Breakfast, packed lunch, nutritious snack, dinner.
Adolescent – Nutritional Adolescent – Nutritional problemsproblems
Rapid growth spurts
Busy schedules
Peer pressure
Worry over physical appearance
Adolescent – Nutritional Adolescent – Nutritional problemsproblems
Teenage girls – calcium deficiency& iron deficiency (anaemia).
Boys energy needs met by high cholesterol fast food
Anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
Badly balanced vegetarian diets.
Adult dietary needsAdult dietary needs
Need to maintain and repair cells – protein.
Amount of food depends on Gender and Activity
Active adults need high energy nutritious foods e.g. cheese, pasta and vit. B to release the energy
Guidelines for adult dietsGuidelines for adult diets
Varied diet Maintains a suitable
weight Low fat, low
cholesterol foods. Veg. esp. greens for
minerals and vits. Avoid salt and sugar Alcohol - 21 units
male/week 14 units female /week
Dietary problems of the Dietary problems of the elderlyelderly
Lack interest in food. Money problem. Physical disability-
arthritis Illness can cause
demand for protein, Vit.C, Vit.D Calcium.
Less energy food needed
Less active - more fibre Common deficiencies
= vit. D&C B1and Iron.
Dietary guidelines for the Dietary guidelines for the elderlyelderly Smaller nutritious meals Avoid processed food Plenty of fluid and fibre Food rich in Vits D, C, B1
Special kitchen gadgets make cooking easier
Grocery delivery Meals on wheels, home
help, day centres
Dietary issues of people who Dietary issues of people who are ill or convalescingare ill or convalescing
Poor Digestion Poor appetite Nutrients required depends on
type and severity of illness. Protein – repair tissue Cellulose – inactive Vit. C – healing, prevent bed
sores. Calcium & Vit. D – bone repair Iron & Vit. C – replace blood loss. Water – prevent dehydration
from fever, vomiting or diarrhoea
Guidelines for convalescent Guidelines for convalescent diet.diet.
Small attractive portions Good nutrient balance Easy to eat and digest – avoid fats & oils Fresh food prepared hygienically Reduce energy rich food – inactive Avoid Strong flavours e.g. curry Suitable foods, broths, white fish , chicken,
poached egg, a little boiled potato rice or pasta, fresh steamed veg., egg custards, milk puddings, stewed or poached fruit.
Diet during pregnancyDiet during pregnancy
Before getting pregnant – healthy diet + folic acid to prevent neural tube defects
Extra 300 kCals /day . Provide for growth
with extra protein, vit A, calcium, vit D.
Avoid nicotine, caffeine, alcohol
Dietary needs for pregnancyDietary needs for pregnancy
Iron and vit. C to prevent anaemia
Deficiency of vit. K can cause a fatal disease in newborns.
Thiamine to release energy from food
Fatty acids for nervous system – oily fish, liver, egg yolk soya beans
Dietary difficulties during Dietary difficulties during pregnancypregnancy
Cravings and “going off” foods Nausea esp. first14 weeks dry
toast, avoid fatty foods. Heartburn – due to pressure
on stomach – avoid fatty and spicy foods. Eat small meals, try yoghurt or milk.
Constipation – increase water and fibre
Avoid raw eggs, coleslaw and soft cheeses – listeria and salmonella