Die Naturwissenschaften in ihrer Entwicklung und in ihrem Zusammenhange by FriedrichDannemann; GalileiReview by: George SartonIsis, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Apr., 1922), pp. 563-564Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/223861 .

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Friedrich Dannemann. - Die Naturwissenschaften in ihrer Entwic- klung und in ihrem Zusammenhange, 2te Auflage, II. Band. Von GALILEI bis zur Mitte des xviii. Jahrhunderts. Mit 133 Abb.' x + 508 S. Leipzig, ENGELMANN, 1921.

The first edition of this volume appeared in 1911 (1). It is clear that the author has taken pains to enlarge and improve both the text and the illustrations of his work. Two new chapters have been added, namely those bearing the nos. 7 and 21 in the list below. It is interesting indeed to reproduce briefly Dr. DANNEMANN'S plan. After

quoting the title of each chapter, I have added a few words between brackets to show more precisely what it contains.

1. Antiquity and modern times (contrast between ancient and modern

thought. historical background); 2. New instruments for research

(microscope; telescope); 3. GALILEO (not less than 61 p. are devoted to him, but that does not seem too much; the author has accepted too readily WOHLWILL'S conclusions); 4. Extension of inductive research

(Accademia del Cimento, BORELLI, thermoscope, RICCIOLI, GRIMALDI,

GILBERT and GUERICKE, BACON); 5. TYCHO and KEPLER (JOHANN HEVEL); 6. Influence of mathematics upon the progress of natural sciences

(STEVIN, VIETA, GIRARD, CARDANO - DESCARTES, FERMAT - NEWTON, LEIBNIZ); 7. Relations between science and the new philosophy (DESCARTES, GASSENDI, HUYGENS, NEWTON, LEIBNIZ); 8. Elaboration of the physics of fluids (STEVIN, TORRICELLI, PASCAL, GUERICKE, BOYLE, MARIOTTE) ;

9. Further development of iatrochemistry and foundation of scientific chemistry by BOYLE (HELMONT, LIBAVIUS, GLAUBER, BOYLE, JOHN

MAYOW); 10. Development of botany and zoology (CLUSIUS, LOBELIUS, MATTIOLI, K. BAUHIN - CAESALPINO - JOACHIM JUNGIUS, TOURNEFORT -

JOHN RAY); 11. Foundation of scientific academies; 12. NEWTON;

13. HUYGENS and other contemporaries of NEWTON (the BERNOULLIS,

MARIOTTE, HALLEY, CASSINI, TSCHIRNHAUSEN, LEIBNIZ; this chapter is very long; it would have been advisable to cut it in two); 14. Foun- dation of modern mineralogy and geology (STENO, KIRCHER, BARTHOLIN,

KUNKEL, BECHEB, MARGGRAF); 15. Anatomy and physiology (HARVEY,

HOOKE, BORELLI, MALPIGHI); 16. First results of the microscopical study of lower animals (SWAMMERDAM, REDI, MALPIGHI, LEEUWENHOEK); 17. Foundation of the anatomy of plants, discovery of their sexuality (HOOKE, GREW, MALPIGHI, CAMERARIUS); 18. Further development of mechanics, optics and acoustics (the BERNOULLIS, EULER, JOHN HAR-

RISON, SAUVEUR, D'ALEMBERT, LAGRANGE, LAMBERT, CHLADNI); 19. Pro-

(1) I reviewed it in the Revue generale des sciences, t. 23, p. 202, 1912. See also Isis, I1, 218 ; IV, 10.

563 REVIEWS

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isis. iv. 1922 isis. iv. 1922

gress of astronomy and celestial mechanics (MAUPERTUIS, CLAIRAUT,

HALLEY, MASKELYNE, BRADLEY. LAMBERT, EULER); 20. Mineralogy and

geology in xvimrth cent. {LINNE, CRONSTEDT, BERGMANN, ROME DE L'ISLE,

LEHMANN, FiUCHSEL, GUETTARD, BUFFON, PALLAS, SAUSSURE, WERNER,

HUTTON, KNORR); 21. Natural science and the period of enlightenment (only a few pages).

This outline shows that Dr. DANNEMANN'S work is very comprehen- sive. In that respect it is far more satisfactory than the first volume, which was altogether too sketchy. The explanations are clear and simple. Corrections have been made in the text by Ed. 0. VON LIPPMANN, and a few additional notes contributed by E. WIEDEMANN and J. WiuRSCHMIDT are printed at the end. The

bibliographic notes refer chiefly to OSTWALD'S Klassiker and to other German publications, but the author of a semi-popular book is justi- fied in doing so. In the absence of any other work comparable to it, Dr DANNEMANN'S history deserves to be translated into English.

GEORGE SARTON.

Br. Petronievics. - L'E'volution universelle. Expose des preuves et des lois de 1'evolution mondiale et des evolutions particulieres (inorga- nique, intellectuelle et sociale) I. L'lEvolution mondiale, inorga- nique et organique, 214 p. (200 X 125), 3 fig. et 1 tableau dans le texte. Paris, Ff.LIX ALCAN, 1921. [fr 7.50]

Tres etendue par son programme, quoique petite dans ses dimen- sions, est la premiere partie du nouvel ouvrage de BR. PETRONIEVICS, professeur a l'universite de Belgrade, des longtemps adonne a la

metaphysique, et auteur de Principes de la theorie de la connaissance, de Principes de metaphysique (deux vol. parus), et d'un travail sur Les ge,ometries typiques et 'Infini, tous publies en langue allemande de 1900 a 1912.

L'auteur ne se propose en effet rien moins que de traiter le problmne de 1'evolution consideree dans toute son etendue, laissant cependant de cota la question des causes du probleme evolutif, pour laquelle bien des solutions ont ete proposees, sans qu'il soit possible de tenir aucune d'entre elles pour definitive. II se borne done a exposer les preuves de l'evolution, 'a en discuter la valeur objective, a en deter- miner le degre de certitude, et a enoncer ses lois principales, dans la mesure ou on les connait.

Qui dit evolution universelle dit 'a la fois evolution de l'univers consid6re dans la totalite des choses existantes (le probleme est ici d'ordre metaphysique), et evolution dans les domaines particuliers de la realite, fait d'ordre scientifique. BR. PETRONIEVICS aborde done ces

gress of astronomy and celestial mechanics (MAUPERTUIS, CLAIRAUT,

HALLEY, MASKELYNE, BRADLEY. LAMBERT, EULER); 20. Mineralogy and

geology in xvimrth cent. {LINNE, CRONSTEDT, BERGMANN, ROME DE L'ISLE,

LEHMANN, FiUCHSEL, GUETTARD, BUFFON, PALLAS, SAUSSURE, WERNER,

HUTTON, KNORR); 21. Natural science and the period of enlightenment (only a few pages).

This outline shows that Dr. DANNEMANN'S work is very comprehen- sive. In that respect it is far more satisfactory than the first volume, which was altogether too sketchy. The explanations are clear and simple. Corrections have been made in the text by Ed. 0. VON LIPPMANN, and a few additional notes contributed by E. WIEDEMANN and J. WiuRSCHMIDT are printed at the end. The

bibliographic notes refer chiefly to OSTWALD'S Klassiker and to other German publications, but the author of a semi-popular book is justi- fied in doing so. In the absence of any other work comparable to it, Dr DANNEMANN'S history deserves to be translated into English.

GEORGE SARTON.

Br. Petronievics. - L'E'volution universelle. Expose des preuves et des lois de 1'evolution mondiale et des evolutions particulieres (inorga- nique, intellectuelle et sociale) I. L'lEvolution mondiale, inorga- nique et organique, 214 p. (200 X 125), 3 fig. et 1 tableau dans le texte. Paris, Ff.LIX ALCAN, 1921. [fr 7.50]

Tres etendue par son programme, quoique petite dans ses dimen- sions, est la premiere partie du nouvel ouvrage de BR. PETRONIEVICS, professeur a l'universite de Belgrade, des longtemps adonne a la

metaphysique, et auteur de Principes de la theorie de la connaissance, de Principes de metaphysique (deux vol. parus), et d'un travail sur Les ge,ometries typiques et 'Infini, tous publies en langue allemande de 1900 a 1912.

L'auteur ne se propose en effet rien moins que de traiter le problmne de 1'evolution consideree dans toute son etendue, laissant cependant de cota la question des causes du probleme evolutif, pour laquelle bien des solutions ont ete proposees, sans qu'il soit possible de tenir aucune d'entre elles pour definitive. II se borne done a exposer les preuves de l'evolution, 'a en discuter la valeur objective, a en deter- miner le degre de certitude, et a enoncer ses lois principales, dans la mesure ou on les connait.

Qui dit evolution universelle dit 'a la fois evolution de l'univers consid6re dans la totalite des choses existantes (le probleme est ici d'ordre metaphysique), et evolution dans les domaines particuliers de la realite, fait d'ordre scientifique. BR. PETRONIEVICS aborde done ces

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