die dynamik von trübungszonen in gezeitenästuaren - iow · 0.5 setgra y0 0.5 setgra y1 die...

0.5

setg

ray0

0.5

setg

ray1

Die Dynamik von Trübungszonenin Gezeitenästuaren

Hans [email protected]

Institut fur Ostseeforschung Warnemunde

FWG-Kolloquium, Kiel, 12. Februar 2003 – p. 1/23

Program of the talk

• Phenomenology• Conceptual models• Numerical simulations (historical)• Numerical simulations (recent)• Conclusions


Map of the tidal Elbe

9°00' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50' 50' 40' 30' 10°00'

54°00'

53°30' 0 10km

53°40'

53°50'

20' 8°10'

54°10'

Scharhörn

Gr. Knechtsand

Neuwerk

Cuxhaven

Friedrichskoog

Oste

Nord-

Ost

see-

Kana

l

Stör

Wischh. Süderelbe

Schwinge

Krückau

Pinnau

Este

Lühe

Med

em

Brunsbüttel

Glückstadt

Stade

Hamburg 630

640 650

660

670

680

690

700

710 720

730

740

Strom-km 700

Trischen

Watt

WGE Be 10.96

Mühlen- berger Loch

Pagensand

Medemgrund

Neufelder Sand

Großer Vogelsand

Medemsand

Gelbsand


PhenomenologySPM observations in the tidal Elbe

Pers. comm. Jens Kappenberg


PhenomenologySPM observations in Columbia River

Salinity

SPM

Pers. comm. David Jay, Phillip Orton


Classical conceptual models• Flocculation of riverine colloids due to the ion

content of the saline sea water (Lucht [1953]).• "The peculiar process of mixing between riverine

and marine water in the tidal zone works as aSPM trap." (Postma und Kalle [1955]).

Schoellhamer & Burau, 1998


Classical conceptual modelsDensity currents from numerical lock exchange

t = 5 h

-15

-10

-5

10 20 30 40 50 600

1

2

3

4

5

x / km

z / m

PSfrag replacements

σt / kg m−3


Conceptual model

Jay & Musiak, 1994


Computer simulations

Burchard & Baumert, 1998


Turbulenzmodellierung

http

://w

ww

.got

m.n

et

Challenge

Aim

The Idea

Key features

Software

Fortran code

Test cases

Forcing

How to run?

Information

What's

Publications

E-mail list

FAQ

User Group

Hot Links

Who's Who?

Guestbook

PPM:

10/26/00 20:48:54

New

GOTM is a one-dimensional numerical modeldeveloped and supported by a core team ofocean modellers. GOTM aims at simulatingaccurately vertical exchange processes in themarine environment where mixing is known toplay a key role. GOTM is freely available underthe GPL (Gnu Public License).

The interested user can download the sourcecode, a set of test cases (Papa, November, Flex,...) and a comprehensive report.

You are warmly invited to join the GOTM mailinglist and send any comments/questions to theGOTM team or become a GOTM contributor. TheGOTM developers are grateful to their sponsors.

Page "www.gotm.net" maintained by webmaster. Last update: 10/28/00 18:10:02


Liverpool Bay

SST (Degrees C.)

Land/Cloud

11.0-11.9

12.0-12.9

13.0-13.9

14.0-14.9

15.0-15.9

16.0-16.9

17.0-17.9

18.0-18.9

19.0-19.9

20.0-20.9

21.0-21.9

22.0-22.9

AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature image (11 July 1999, 17:00)

� ��

�

Courtesy Caren E. Binding, BangorFWG-Kolloquium, Kiel, 12. Februar 2003 – p. 14/23

Liverpool BaySection of Temperature and Salinity

1 1

1 1 .5

1 2

1 2 .5

1 3

1 3 .5

1 4

1 4 .5

1 5

1 5 .5

1 6

3 2 .2

3 2 .4

3 2 .6

3 2 .8

3 3

3 3 .2

3 3 .4

3 3 .6

3 3 .8

3 4

3 4 .2

3 4 .4

2 3 .6

2 3 .8

2 4

2 4 .2

2 4 .4

2 4 .6

2 4 .8

2 5

2 5 .2

2 5 .4

2 5 .6

2 5 .8

2 6

2 6 .2

2 6 .4

2 6 .6

0

-20

-40

-60

0

-20

-40

-60

0

-20

-40

-60

0

-20

-40

-60

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Fig 2.a Temperature (Degrees C)

Fig 2.b Salinity (PSU)

Fig 2.c Sigma T (kg/m3)

Distance Along Transect (km)

De

pth

(m

)D

ep

th (

m)

De

pth

(m

)

LB2

Rippeth, Fisher, Simpson [2001]


Liverpool BayObserved and simulated temperature and salinity

Simpson, Burchard, Fisher, Rippeth [2002]


Liverpool BayObserved and simulated current velocity



Liverpool BayObserved and simulated dissipation rates



Three-dimensional modelling

��

��

�� ! �" #� � �$ � � �

%$ � & '"( � )$( * $ � *+ $( & � � � ' , * �� -

33.8

33.9

34

34.1

34.2

34.2

34.3

34.3

34.4

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.833.8

33.9

34

34.1

34.2 34.3

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.8

33.8

33.9

34

34.1 34.2

34.3

34.4

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.8

34.8

33.8

33.9

34

34.1

34.2

34.3

34.3

34.4

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.8

34.8


Suspended matter moduleTransport equation:

∂tC +∂x(uC)+∂y(vC)+∂z((w−ws)C)−∂z(ν′

t∂zC) = 0 (1)

Bottom boundary condition:

−wsC − ν ′

t∂zC = Fe − Fs (2)

Erosion & sedimentation flux:

Fe =ce

ρ0

(|τb| − τce)+; Fs =

wsCb

τcs

(|τb| − τcs)− (3)

Bottom SPM pool:∂t(B) = Fs − Fe (4)


Two-dimensional experiments

• Salinity and SPM (click for animation), noadvection of turbulence

•

Salinity and eddy diffusivity (click for animation),no advection of turbulence

Zusammenarbeit mit Manuel Ruiz Villarreal, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, A Coruña


http://www.io-warnemuende.de/homepages/burchard/pdf/animations/spm_salt.gif

http://www.io-warnemuende.de/homepages/burchard/pdf/animations/turb_noadv.gif

Tide-Elbe in 3D: GETM

9°00' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50' 50' 40' 30' 10°00'

54°00'

53°30' 0 10km

53°40'

53°50'

20' 8°10'

54°10'

Scharhörn

Gr. Knechtsand

Neuwerk

Cuxhaven

Friedrichskoog

Oste

Nord-

Ost

see-

Kana

l

Stör

Wischh. Süderelbe

Schwinge

Krückau

Pinnau

Este

Lühe

Med

em

Brunsbüttel

Glückstadt

Stade

Hamburg 630

640 650

660

670

680

690

700

710 720

730

740

Strom-km 700

Trischen

Watt

WGE Be 10.96

Mühlen- berger Loch

Pagensand

Medemgrund

Neufelder Sand

Großer Vogelsand

Medemsand

Gelbsand

Animation

Zusammenarbeit mit Manuel Ruiz Villarreal, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, A Coruña


http://www.io-warnemuende.de/homepages/burchard/pdf/animations/Elbe_700_mov.gif

Conclusions• In many estuaries, turbidity maxima (ETMs) are

observed at the tip of the salt intrusion.• These types of ETMs have been numerically

simulated with different 2D- and 3D-models.• Two major ETM generation mechanisms have

been pinpointed, residual gravitational circulationand tidal velocity asymmetry.

• The simulation of ETM generation in a realisticestuary has been sucessfully carried out with athree-dimensional model coupling mean flow,salinity, turbulence and suspended matter.


die dynamik von trübungszonen in gezeitenästuaren - iow · 0.5 setgra y0 0.5 setgra y1 die...

Documents