Did You Know?• Number your paper from 1 – 29.• You will be given a numbered slip with the “end” of a

sentence. The beginning of each sentence reads, “Did you know…”

• Walk around the room with your note card and paper. Find a classmate and ask each other the “Did you know…?” question on your cards.

• Each classmate will initial his or her respective question on the paper.

• Try to get initials on every number of your paper.• There will be a quiz on these “Did you know…?”

questions at the end of class.

Politics, Industrialization, & Social Unrest

A New Industrial Age

Election of 1896Bryan v McKinley

• Agriculture vs. Industry

• Farmers vs. Businessmen

• Rural vs. Urban

• Old vs. New America

What is Industrialism?Growth• Economic

• Urbanization

• Middle Class

• World Power & Influence

• GDP expansion

• Cities expand• Population explosion

• Social mobility

• Trade, banking, military

Politics, Industrialization, & Social Unrest

A New Industrial Age

Expansion of Industry

US Industry “explodes”

• Natural Resources

• Innovation

• Oil

• Bessemer process “Steel”

• Bridges & sky-scrapers

Brooklyn Bridge

Expansion of Industry

US Industry “explodes”

• Natural Resources

• Innovation

• Growing Markets

• Oil

• Bessemer process “Steel”

• Bridges & sky-scrapers

• Light bulb

• Telephone

• Consumers & middle class

Age of RailroadsGrowth

Consolidation

• New markets– Steel, lumber, coal

• New inventions– Telegraph

• New visions– Standard time zones

• Horizontal ownership

• Vertical integration

Age of RailroadsAge of Railroads

• Corruption

• Regulation

• Credit Moblier

• Granger Laws

• Munn v Illinois

Big Business Emerges

Rise of Big Business

• Is “Big” = “Bad”

• Powerful corporations rival gov’t influence

• Entrepreneurs amass fortunes

• Poor and lower class suffer

Andrew Carnegie - Steel

John D. Rockefeller -

Standard Oil

J.P. Morgan –

Banker

Lords of Industry or Robber Barons?

• Symbols of American Power

• Rags to Riches

• Philanthropists

• Job Creators

• Testament to corruption of the powerful

• Aristocrats

• Ruthless businessmen

• Union busters

Graded H-o-H Seminar

1. To what extent could men like Carnegie and Rockefeller be considered Robber Barons?

2. To what extent could men like Carnegie and Rockefeller be considered Captains of Industry?

3. From the perspective of a 19th century immigrant, did America live up to its ideals of freedomfreedom and equalityequality?

Identification

1. Write an identification paragraph for “US Industrialization”

2. Write a relevant connection for “US Industrialization” and “Robber Barons/Captains of Industry”?

The Power of Trusts

• A merger between separate companies to increase profits…and power.

The Power of Trusts

• A merger between separate companies to increase profits…and power.

• Companies turn over control of their individual stock to a group called trustees.

The Power of Trusts

Benefits Costs

•Pool Resources

• Streamlined companies

• Propelled US Industrialization

• Generated wealth

• Expansion of middle class

• Stifled competition

• Monopolies

• Corruption

• Workers exploited

Big Business Emerges

Workers

• Immigrants flood both coasts

• Labor unions form

• Unions, government, and Big Business battle each other

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Congressional Act (1890)

• Made Trusts illegal

• “Restrained Free-trade”

• Gov’t attempt to reign in industry

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Congressional Act

• Made Trusts illegal

• “Restrained Free-trade”

• Gov’t attempt to reign in industry

• Vaguely written

• Impossible to enforce

• Industry outmaneuvered gov’t attempts at control

• Supreme Court threw out cases

Social Unrest

Workers, Unions, & Strikes

Great Strike of 1877

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Homestead Strike (1892)

Pullman Strike (1893)

• Nationwide RR workers strike

• US troops used to break strike

•Protest by workers turns violent

• Public sentiment turns against unions

•Carnegie steel plant workers strike

• Pinkertons & Nat’l Guard break strike

• Strikebreakers & troops break strike

Child Labor

We respect our masters…but we want time for more rest, a little play, and to learn to read and write. We do not think it right that we should know nothing but work and suffering, from Monday morning to Saturday night…

- A child-worker’s submission to the British House of Commons

The Reform Movement

• Pockets of reform-minded individuals and groups began to confront the abuses of Industrial Age America

• Local movements coalesced to become national movements

• Became known as ProgressivesProgressives

• Defined an era in American History