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CORNELLUNIVERSITY LIBRARY

BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY

HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE

PE 1591.S72

Cornell University Library

Dictionary of Enalish

synonymes and syno

3

1924 027 441 033

Thetine

original of

tiiis

book

is in

Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright

restrictions intext.

the United States on the use of the

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027441033

A DICTIONARYOF

ENGLISH SYNONYMESAND

^pnonpmous

or |&araUel d^jcpressions

DESIGNED AS A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO APTNESS AND VARIETY OF PHRASEOLOGY

By

RICHARD SOULE

The

exertion of clothing a thought in a completely

new

set of

words increases

both clearness of thought and mastery over words.tliat it will

It is

the test of a solid thought

bear a change of clotliiug.

J.

R.

Seeley

NtijJ EDttion, l^rijiseB auB lEnlarpJJ

By

GEORGE

H.

HOWISON,

LL.D.

MILLS PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

BOSTON

BOSTON BOOK COMPANY1893

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year

1

871,

by

Richard Soule,in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

Copyright, 1S91,

By Harriet W. Soule.

Pbpnted by

J, B.

LippiNOOTT Company, Philadelphm, U. S. A.

PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION.

n^HE-*-

present edition of a work which,

now some twenty

years before

the public,

may

justly

be said to have maintained a standard char-

acter,

has been undertaken at the request of the author's family.that, in

The

Editor takes pleasure in saying

the minute revision to which thelittle

book has been subjected, he has foundto

more

to

do than to carry outThatits

a greater completenesits

the lines of Mr. Soule's original design.

design, not only indetails,

general conception, but in the execution ofsingle

seems to him, on the whole, the best that anyin

work on

Synonymes

our language

affords,

an

impression which has grown

stronger during the process of comparison with the chief works of thatclass

rendered necessary in preparing

this edition,

and which

it is

believed

a

like

comparison on the part of readers

will surely corroborate.

The

judicious consulter of a synonymic dictionary will readily acquiesce

in the statement that

a perfect manual of that sortof convenient sizefulfil

is

impossible within the

compass of a

single

work

and arrangement.

Three

dis-

tinct points of

view are necessary to

the wants that are sure to arisewriter, seeking for the

when such a work hassuitable expression,

to be consulted,set out

the

most

may

from the

less suitable

word; or from the;

vague general notion that he obscurely aims to express

or, finally,

from

several words of cognate meaning, the exactly suitable one of which he

would determine by a close discrimination between them.

A

work onlist

Synonymes may thus havethe

for its

purpose either an alphabetic

of

all

more important words

in the language, with their various

meaningsits

or shades of meaning setpriate

down under them, each

followed by

appro-

synonymes

;

or a

list

of general notions, duly

named and

properly

divided and subdivided, with the words and phrases that belong to the

vi

PREFACE.themas fully as possible;

expression of each collected under

or, again,

the collocation of words allied in

meaning with subjoined

disquisitions

on the shades of

difference

between them.

The

latter

conception hasdictionaries,

been the prevailing one among English makers of synonymic

andthe

is

represented by the well-known work of Crabb, as well as by anyis

second

that

of Roget's Thesaurus

;

while the

first

is

that offul-

Soule.

It is safe to say that while

each

is

indispensable to a perfectthat

filment of a writer's possible wants, the

first is

which

is

most com-

prehensive, most convenient

and rapid in use, and most likely to meet

the requirements of the greatest

number of

persons.

In endeavoring to carry out Mr. Soule's plan to greater perfection, thechief aim,

beyond the correction of

press-errors

and obvious lapses of the

pen, has been to discriminate the various senses of leading wordsexactly, completing the distinction

moreand

whereBesides

it

already existed in part,

supplying

it

where

it

was lacking.lists

this,

the labor has been mainly

confined to enlarging the

of synonymic wordsincreased,

and phrases.

The

number of such expressions has beenathird.

on an average, by aboutof the

For

this

purpose free use has been

made

new

editions

of Roget's Thesaurus and the Imperial Dictionary.

The Editor

takes pleasure in

making special acknowledgment of th

assistance rendered

him by Miss C. N. Bvnner.

The primary;

revision of

nearly one half of the text has been done

by her

and the thoroughness

and accurate knowledge of our vocabulary, with which she has performedher task, have rendered the labor offinal revision in that

portion of the

book comparatively

lightdetails,it is

In a work involving so manyhave beenleft

impossible but that errors

will

or committed, in spite of

all

endeavors to the contrary.

Notice of any such, detected by readers,

will

be received with thanks.

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

' I-*-

"*HE main design ofassistance

thisis

Dictionary

is

to provide a ready

means ofthat

when one

at a loss for a

word or an expressionof the mind, or that

best suits a particular turn of thought or

mood

may

obviate an ungraceful repetition.

Even

practised

and

skilful writers are

sometimes embarrassed

in the

endeavor to make a sentence moresubstitution of

clear,

simple, terse, or rhythmical,

by the

one form of diction

for

another.

It is

presumedwork

that they, as well as novices in composition, will

find the present

useful in

overcomingit:

difficulties of this sort.

As

to the

method

of using

Whenever a doubtoneis

arises in regard tolet

the fitness of any word,writer turn to this

and ainits

better

not readily suggested,

the

word

alphabetical place.to the

Under

it

will

be foundin

the words and phrases, or

some clew

words and phrases, which,

any connection, have the same meaning asthe same.

itself,

or a meaning very nearly

That one of them which comes nearest to expressing the exactwill

shade of thought in the writer's mind,

be

likely to arrest the attention

and determine the choice.In mostthat group.cases, all the

words that belonginstances, as

to

any groupthe

will

be foundfalls

in

But

in

some

when

same word

into

two

or more groups that are near to each other, or when there are so

many

synonymesinits

for a

word

that a repetition of every

one of them under eachprolix, the

alphabetical placeis

would seem to be too formal andfor

inquirer

referred to

some prominent word among them

a view of theis

whole.to the

Under the word Blockhead, for example, referenceword Dunce, under whichit.

made

willis

be found

all

the words that areit is

synonymous with

This example

given becausefor the

the mostidea.

marked

one in our language ot a multiplicity of terms

same

Viii

PREFACE.in ness,

Many nouns ending

and adverbs ending

in

ly,

have been

omitted in their alphabetical places, for the reason that their synonymesare sufficiently indicated

by the corresponding

adjectives.

The aim has been

to present at a single glance theobject,

words or modes

of speech which denote the same

or which express the same

general idea, with only slight shades of difference.

There has been no

attempt at elaborate discussion of the nice distinctions that obtain between

words apparently synonymousgiven wheneverit

;

but hints of such distinctions have beenbriefly in a parenthetical

was practicable to give them

remark.

In preparing

this Dictionary, free

use has been;

made

of the following

works

:

Roget's Thesaurus of

Words and Phrases

the Quarto Dictionaries

of Webster and of Worcester;

Crabb's Synonymes;Piatt's

Graham's Syno-

nymes

;

Whately's Synonymes

;

Synonymes

;

the Dictionaries of;

Synonymes by Fenby,tionaries of

Sherer, Mackenzie,

and Smith

the Medical Dic-

Dunglison and ofBache.field

Thomas

;

and the United States Dispenmuch, however, that has been

satory

by

Wood and

It contains

gathered from a wideof years.

of miscellaneous reading during a long series

The

author

is

under special obligations toA.

his

friends,J.

Mr. Justinforfor

WiNSOR, Mr.

WiLUAM

Wheeler, and Mr. Loomisand

Campbell,

the interest they have manifested in the progress of the work,their valuable suggestionscriticisms.

and

Brookline, Mass.,

1871.

EXPLANATORY TABLE.

stands for Adjective.

Log.

stands for Logic.,_

ad,Alg.

,.

,,

Adverb.Algebra.

Mai&Med. ^^Meteor.

Mathematics.Medicine.

'

Anai. Arch.Arith.Astral.

Anatomy.Architecture,

Metaphysics.

........

Meteorology.Military.

Arithmetic.Astrology.

Mil.

Astron.Bot..

Astronomy,Botany.Chemistry,Colloquial.

Min MusMythol.

Mineralogy.Music.

,. I.

Mythology,Nautical.

Chem.Cottoq,

NazaOrnith Phys.Physiol.pi-

Noun.Ornithology.Physics.

Com.conj,

,

Commerce.Conjunction.Ecclesiastical.

, . . .

Eccl.

.... .... ....

Physiology.Plural.

Eng.Ent.Fori.

England, or English. Entomology.Fortification.

//Psychol.

Preposition.

. .

Psychology.Rhetoric. Sculpture.Singular.

Fr.Geol.

French.Geology.

.

Rhet Sculp

Geont,

Geometry.

Gram.Gr.ffer...

Grammar.Greek.Heraldry.

Sp SrgTheol.

Spanish.Surgery.

....

,,

Ich.inter/.It.I-..

.

Ichthyology.Interjection.

U.S.erratloil, . I. Deviation, divergence, wandering, rambling, departure. 2. Irregularity, eccentricity, singularity, peculiarity, strangeness, unconformity, anomaly, abnormity, monstrosity. 3, Illusion, delusion, hallucination, monomania, self-deception, A1}et, V. a. I, Aid, assist, help, support, succor, second, sustain, uphold, back, co-operate with, take part with, give support to, embolden, subsidize.

out

ness. See Abject. Abjuration, . I. Renunciation (/? eculiarity,

unconformity, eccentricity,

mon-

Anon, ad' Soon, quickly, shortly, immediately, forthwith, on the instant, directly, in a short time, ere long, at another time, agafn, afterward. Anonymous, a. Nameless, without the name of the author, of unknown authorship, unacknowledged {pf writings). AnoUier, a, I, bome other, any other, not thesame, a different. 2. One more.

0. I. Date before the true time, date back, date earlier than the fact. 2. Anticipate, forestall, foretaste, experience beforehand. Antenatal, a. Prenatal, prior to birth, fetal, in the womb. Antepast, - Foretaste, prelibation, forestaUmg, presentiment. See Anticipation. Anterior* a. I. Preceding, prior, previous, foreSee Antecedent. going, going before2. Fore, front, in front. Anteriority* . I. Priority (//iw