dianne-dominique theakstone disability forum on research 15 th april 2014 “imprisonment to...
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D I A N N E - D O M I N I Q U E T H E A K S TO N ED I S A B I L I T Y F O R U M O N R E S E A R C H
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“Imprisonment to Empowerment: to what extent does housing empower disabled people in
Scotland and Norway?”
Introduction
Housing and empowerment of disabled people
PhD Research
Discussion
Housing and Empowerment DefinitionsMore than bricks and mortar
Empowerment is a tool of independent living;
“Empowerment is often found in the details of the mundane world. It comes from controlling access
to personal space, from being able to alter one's environment and select one's daily routine, and from
having personal space that reflects and upholds one's identity and interests.”
(Ridgway et al, 1994)
4
PhD Research Design
Building Inclusion: an international comparative study of disabled peoples’ access to independent living in Scotland and Norway
Key Experts
Organisational Case Studies
Online Survey
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Why Conduct International Comparative Research?
Transference not the sole objective as contextual
Expand knowledge of own culture, policies,
practices, governance structures
Expand knowledge of other countries too
International networking
Impart knowledge, experiences or ambitions
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Why Scotland and Norway?
Aging populationsPopulation size approx: 5MLand mass: 78,772 km2 , 385,252 Km2
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Why Scotland and Norway?
Justification of disabled peoples’ needs
Welfare typologie;
Both have coalition governments
Contrast of housing systems
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The Glasgow Centre for Inclusive Living
2 centres for independent living in Scotland;
Set up 1994;Around 30 employees;Service-lead organisation
GCIL Services
How they fit
9
Self Directed Support
TrainingHuman Resources;
Finance
Services
June 2012
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Personal Assistants Model:
Co-owners pay 1000 K as one-off joining fee, returned if leaveMunicipalities provide payment for personal assistance;Disabled people ask municipality if Uloba can be service-
providerUloba contract with municipality receive 3 months in advance
of PA wagesCo-owners have contract with Uloba to provide Personal
Assistance serviceCo-owners have 2 accounts: contingency ( 5% of money, PA
phone, advertising costs); other is pay role (10% towards Uloba administration)
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Personal Assistants Model Continued:
Personal Assistants receive 151 K per hourAbove minimum wage and in line with category of
nurses/health workers40% extra for evenings, nights and main public holidays;Scales for experience and age, can earn up to 200 K per
hourCo-owner submits monthly time sheets, monitor usageStandard Norwegian contract 2011 by municipalities
surplus of hours by 31st December means money sent back to them
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Personal Assistants Model Continued:
Uloba pays for an additional hours co-owners use so monitoring and advice important
Uloba chose at general assembly to be a cooperative rather than International Commercial Company
Change happened in law in 2013 and enabled any disabled person to become a co-owner
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Disabled people and Scotland
One of most vulnerable groups within society
Aging populations with associated increase of acquired impairments
Housing crisis
Disabled people twice as likely to live in social-renting sector
Benefits not always recognised as income for mortgages
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Housing:
Husbanken Bank provide assistance to vulnerable
groups access home ownership
Pensions (disability benefit), grants, loans for non-
new built properties
Universal design
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Housing:
View outside Lift inside building
Summary
International comparative PhD research illustrated
the connections between housing and empowerment
for disabled people
Partial citizenship of disabled people
Highlights more questions for future research
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References
Abberley P. (1987) “The Concept of Oppression and the Development of a Social Theory of Disability”, Disability Handicap and Society, 2 (1), pp: 5-19.
Corker M., and French S. (1999) Disability Discourse. Buckingham: Open University Press. Crow L. (1992) Renewing the Social Model of Disability. Coalition News; Greater Manchester Coalition of Disabled
People, 1992. Davis L. (2010) The Disability Studies Reader. 3d ed. New York: Routledge. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (c. 50). (n.d.). Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved on June 13, 2012,
from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1995/ukpga_19950050_en_1. Esping-Anderson G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Policy Press. Glasgow Centre for Inclusive Living. N.p., n.d. Retrieved on 13 June 2012 from http://www.gcil.org.uk. Husbanken (2012) The Norway Housing Bank. Retrieved on 13th June, 2012 from www.husbanken.no. Imrie R. (1996) Disability and the City. International Perspectives, London: Paul Chapman Publishing ltd. Reid Howie Associates (2007) Independent Living In Scotland: A Policy Scoping Study. Scotland: Disability Rights
Commission. Sandvin J. H. (2003) “Loosening bonds, changing identities: Growing up with Impairments in Post War Norway”.
Disability Studies Quarterly: Spring 2003, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp.5-19. Thomas C. (1999) Female Forms: Experience and Understanding Disability. Buckingham: Open University Press. Tossebro J., Gustavsson, A., and Dyrendahl U. (eds.) (1996) Intellectual Disabilities in The Nordic Welfare States.
Norway: Norwegian Academic Press. Uloba (2012) retrieved on 13 June, 2012 from www.uloba.no.
June 2012Cementing Citizenship: An exposé of the interconnections between disability, housing and citizenship in Norway and Scotland.