Economics Of Pakistan

Group Members:

Aqeel KhalilBBA-12-02

Mir HarisBBA-12-13

Dams

Dams is a solid barrier constructed at a suitable

location across a river valley to store flowing water

Storage objectives

Storage of water is utilized for following objectives

HydropowerIrrigation Water for domestic consumptionDrought and flood control

Kala-Bagh Dam

Introduction

The Kalabagh Dam is a proposed hydroelectric dam on the Indus River at Kalabagh in Mianwali District of the Punjab province in Pakistan. If constructed with 3,600 MW electricity generation capacity, it will become the largest source of electricity for Pakistan

History

Kalabagh Dam was designed in 1984 with the assistance of the United nations development program (UNDP), supervised by the world bank for the client WAPDA.

The project was poised in mid 1987It was estimated to cost US$ 3.46 billion at

1987 level and was scheduled to be completed in 6 years, with first generating unit to be commissioned in 1993.

Cont’d

In 2004, General Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan, announced that he would build the dam in the larger interest of Pakistan. In 2008, Federal Minister for Water and Power of Pakistan, Raja Pervez Ashraf, said that the "Kalabagh Dam would not be constructed" and the project had been cancelled’’ He said due to the "opposition from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and other stakeholders, the project was no longer feasible".

Apprehensions of KPK

Drainage of Mardan, Pabbi and Sawabi will be adversly affected.

Large population will be displaced .While the reservoir will be in the KPK, the

dam's electricity-generating turbines will be just across the provincial border in Punjab. Therefore, Punjab would get royalties from the central government in Islamabad for generating electricity.

Apprehensions of Sindh

 Their share of the Indus water will be curtailed as water from the Kalabagh will go to irrigate farmlands in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, at their cost. Sindhis hold that their rights as the lower riparian have precedence according to international water distribution law.

With the construction of dams, such as Tarbela Dam across the Indus, Sindhis have seen the once-mighty Indus turned into a shadow of its former glory downstream of the Kotri Barrage up to Hyderabad. They fear that there is not enough water for another large dam across the Indus

What if Kala-bagh dam not built

Loss of storae capacity of the existing dams due to sedimentation would result in shortage of commited irrigation supplies causing serious even in existing agriculture production.

The annual energy generated at Kalabagh is equivalent to 20 million barrels of oil.

Importance for Pakistan

Replacing storage lost by sedimentation in existing reservoirs Mangla, Chashma and Tarbella

Kalabagh dam would store surplus water in the flood season and make it available for controlled utilization during the low flow season.

Regulation and control of high flood peaks in the Indus to enable provision of parrenial tubewell irrigation to the riverain area in sindh.

Generating a large chunk of hydropower for meeting the growing demand.

Diamir Bhasha Dam

Diamir-Bhasha Dam

IntroductionDiamer-Bhasha Dam is a gravity dam, in the

preliminary stages of construction, on the River Indus in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Its foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani of Pakistan on 18 October 2011.

Upon completion, Diamer-Bhasha Dam would be the highest RCC dam in the world.

The dam site is situated near a place called "Bhasha" in Gilgit-Baltistan's Diamer District, hence the name.

Basic information

The project is located on Indus River, about 315 km upstream of Tarbela Dam.

165 km downstream of the Northern Area capital Gilgit

and 40 km downstream of ChilasThe proposed dam would have a maximum

height of 270 m.Impound a reservoir of about 7,500,000 acre

feet.with live storage of more than 6,400,000 acre

feet .

Continuous

Thus the dam will impound 15% of the annual river flow.

The dam project would cover an area of 110 km2 and extend 100 km upstream of the damsite up to Raikot Bridge on Karakoram Highway .

Need for the projectAgriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy.Pakistan today is among one of the World’s fastest

growing population, now estimated as over 150 million.

Due to lack of large river regulation capability through sizeable storages, the country is already facing serious shortages in food grains.

Pakistan could soon become one of the food deficit countries in the near future.

The President has taken a very bold initiative by taking the decision to construct Diamer Basha Dam Project.

Continuous

The electricity shortfall reached 4,760 megawatt while the country is generating 13,240 megawatt of electricity and the current demand is 18,000 megawatt.

Contribution of 4500 MW power from Diamer Basha Dam will go a long way in alleviating this situation.

Total Cost The cost of the Diamer-Bhahsa dam is $ 13.87 billion with

9 years completion time. Which was $12 billion in 2008.A huge amount of Rs 27.824 billion is required for the

acquisition of land and resettlement of the people to be affected in the wake of the construction of the dam.

Under the proposed project, Rs 10.76 billion will be spent for the acquisition of agriculture-barren land, tree and nurseries and Rs 1.638 billion to be utilised for properties & infrastructure.

, Rs 8.8 billion for establishment of nine model villages, Rs 62.119 million for pay & allowances for administrative arrangements, and Rs.17.7 million for contingent administrative expenses.

Benefits Availability of about 6,400,000 acre feet (7.89×109

m3) annual surface face water storage for supplementing irrigation supplies during low flow periods 

Harnessing of renewable source of clean and cheap energy through installed capacity of 4500 MW .

Employment opportunity, particularly to the locals, during the construction and operation.

Creation of massive infrastructure leading to overall socio-economic uplift of the area and standard of living of people.

Effects No. of villages affected 30 

No. of Houses Affected 2200 Population affected 22,000

Agricultural land submerged 1,500 acres (6.1 km2)

 Area under reservoir 25,000 acres

Comparison

COMPARISON BETWEEN BHASHA AND KALABAGH DAMS

KBD is ready to build and will take five to six years to come on stream compared to twelve years minimum for BD, possibly 15 years.

KBD will utilize a big part of the 30 maf annual monsoon flow; BD is beyond the monsoon range

KBD will prevent heavy floods by moderating floods of the five rivers in South Punjab and Sindh, particularly in the Kacha area between Guddu and Kotri barrages; BD will not.

Cont’d

KBD, 310 miles of approach road has to be widened and strengthened to take heavy machinery to the site before work can start.

BD, 140 miles of Karakorum highway will have to be relocated at a higher and more difficult terrain. (these two roads will cost more than the dam itself)

KBD will also be subject to seismic disturbances but not as much as BD which is in a highly active seismic zone.

Cont’d

• BD parameters were altered in an effort to afford better usage. To give it a completion period close to that of KBD, the rock-fill design has been changed to roller compacted concrete. This design shall usher in a new state of the art technical challenge for engineers.

Height 680 to 908 feet (KBD 260 feet) Storage 8.1 maf (KBD 6.1 maf)  Implementation    12 years (KBD 6 yrs ) Cost  USD 13.87 Billion  (KBD USD 7

Billion) 

Thanks