(Diabetes Mellitus or DM)

Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease in which glucose levels in blood are higher than normal

Insulin hormone produced by pancreas helps to convert glucose in the body to energy

Pre-diabetes is a medical condition, where the glucose level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be called diabetes

Types of Diabetes

Diabetes are classified into 3 types:

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus -Insulin is not at all produced by pancreas due to which there is excess blood glucose levels. Hence, lifelong insulin injections are to be taken to induce glucose conversion.Type1 diabetes majorly happens in children & young adults

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus - It is more a common diabetes as compared to others. Here the insulin production is less or used less leading to higher blood sugar levels. Since it can be maintained through proper diet and healthy conditions, it is often termed as a lifestyle disease

Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) - Occurs in pregnant women with no diabetes history but having high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. GDM disappears on delivery but women with GDM run higher risk of having Type 2 Diabetes at later stage

Risk Factors

Obesity or overweight

Less physical activity or inactivity

Family history or hereditary

History of delivery to at least one baby weighing more than 9 pounds

History of gestational diabetes mellitus

High blood pressure—140/90 mmHg or higher or diagnosed with

high blood pressure

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or good cholesterol—

level below 35 mg/dL or a triglyceride level above 250 mg/dL2

Polycystic ovary syndrome, also called PCOS or PCOD2

Acanthosis nigricans, a condition of insulin resistance and

characterized by a dark, velvety rash around the neck or armpits

History of cardiovascular diseases affecting the heart and blood

vessels

Risk Factors

Effects of Diabetes

Diabetes effects each and every organ of your body. Pancreas malfunction

Ketoacidosis

Extreme thirst

Excessive urination Sweet smelling breath Loss of consciousness Protein in urine Stomach problems Damaged blood vessels

Foot problems

High blood pressure

Heart Disease

Stroke

Dry, cracked skin

Bacterial fungal & yeast infections

Peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic retinopathy

Cataracts & Glaucoma

Diagnosis

Diabetes Fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dl or higher

Pre-diabetes Fasting blood glucose of 100 - 125 mg/dl1

Management of Diabetes

Metformin treatment helps to reduce risk for diabetes

Oral anti-diabetic agents (e.g. Thiazolidinedione's & Sulphonylureas)

Insulin therapy

Diet & exercise

Avoid cuts and bruises or treat them as soon as possible

Intake of 25-30 gms of fibre daily

Avoid sugars or sugary drinks

Self care

Regular health checkup

Blood glucose monitoring

Body weight monitoring

Foot care

Personal hygiene

Healthy lifestyle/diet or physical activity

Diabetes prevention and control

Go for regular health checkup

Diabetes can be prevented or delayed.

Regular physical activity such as walking, jogging.

Balanced diet

Weight Loss

Exercise

Reduce intake of sugar, sugary drinks0

Avoid Processed foods

Avoid alcohol & smoking

Intake of polysaturated fats (Vegetable oils, etc.) and less of saturated fats

Diet tips for diabetes

Diabetic diet plan focuses on a healthy diet that controls

blood glucose and also prevents diabetic complications

There is no specific diabetic meal plan, as it is developed to

meet your own special needs like individual food likes, daily

schedule & Medications used

A healthy diet includes a variety of foods from all the food

groups

A diabetic meal plan is:

Low in fat content

Moderate in protein content

High in carbohydrates like beans, vegetables and

grains (such as breads, cereals, noodles, and rice)

Consistency in diet helps to deal with diabetics:

Eat the same amount of calories every day

Eat meals and snacks at same time every day

Spread meals and snacks throughout the day

Never skip meals

Watch portion sizes

Eat Regular timely meals

Eat More Beans

Eat More Fish

Less Sugar Consumption

Reduce Salt Intake

Drink Sensibly Reduce fat Consumption

Opt for slowly absorbed Carbohydrates: Oats, Easy cook rice, sweet Potatoes

Regular health checkup

Following and maintaining healthy lifestyle is key point to note for all diabetic patients.

o It is recommended that regular health checkups should be conducted

every 3 to 6 months o Regular / Complete health checkup which should be lined up are o Blood Pressure o Weight o Feet o Eye examination o Foot examination o Haemoglobin A1c tests o Cholesterol o Kidney tests

Being in world full of possibilities, we are prone towards good and bad effect of our surrounding

Regular health checkups help access your health and predict various risk factors

Diagnosis of diseases at early stage helps you combat diseases and get effective treatment for better management

We are here to provide you with a one stop solution with comprehensive health check-up packages

We are team Indus Health Plus, the preventive health check up specialist We are just a click away if you wish to share a good word, clear any

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