DHEERAJ SANYALAE&I341/08

AUTOMATION OF BIOGAS PLANT( new technology for biogas generation)

WHAT IS BIOGAS?- produced by biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

COMPOSITION: Methane, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Sulphide.

HISTORY: Italian Volta in 1770 collected methane gas and identifies its burning behaviour.

TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANTS:

FIXED DOME TYPE FLOATING GAS HOLDER

LIMITATIONS OF EARLIER BIOGAS PLANT:

Plant cannot run automatically.

Involves breakdown of only bio-fuels not waste

materials.

Not very attractive as compared to other bio-fuels.

Contains many gases as impurities.

The gas produced may be hazardous to the

environment.

Production of biogas takes lot of time.

Due to production of deadly gases, 1 million people

lost their lives every year……

To overcome these limitations , special biogas plants

known as TURN- KEY PLANTS are made.

. It involves ERGENIUM process.

.Annual capacity of 15000 tons.

. The plant works automatically.

.Require work of 3 to 4 hours a day.

.100 % pure biogas is produced.

.Accurate testing of gas is done in plant.

.No need to go inside the plant for gas testing.

This technology was first developed by France

In 2007 .

NASKEO Environment , a French company

created in 2005, is working on this project.

All over the world only 5 Turn-key biogas plants

are made ( 1 in France & 4 in Germany ).

Not in India yet now.

Likely to be come in India after 10-15 years.

WASTE MATERIAL FED:

TURN-KEY BIOGAS PLANT:

Mixing of waste material

1. Cement storage bin.( waste is dipped)

2. Hydraulic float discharger that continuously

feed the material to the conveyer belt.

3. Pump through pipes into the blending pump.

4. Separators which is equipped with two mixing rollers.

5. Mixing of the waste material occurs before fermentation.

FERMENTATION :

1. Waste fed to the fermentation tanks.

2. Liquid substrate is added ( ammonium

Hydroxide solution)

3. Substrate prevents epidemics and

Breakdown takes place through agitators.

4. Waste is heated to tubular heat exchanger.

5.Hot water valve heated the substrate at

35 to 55*c.

6. After fermentation, liquid waste is pumped

To two liquid reinforced tanks.

7. Continuously steering of material

Takes place in fermentation backlog

containers.

8. The gas holder collected into the

gas holder.

video

2. GAS GUIDANCE

The gas produced is not pure.

The gas is first free from water vapour through

condensation shaft.

The H2S contents are removed by biological

desulphurization process .

Compressor : The unpressurized gas is fed to the

Compressor.

The remaining gas is cooled to 5 degree Celsius to remove the

remaining water vapours.

FLARE: The flare functions as a safety valve,burning excess gas in order to avoid any release ofmethane gas to the atmosphere.

SCRUBER: The odour filled air is firsttreated in a water scrubber

BIOFILTERS: and then in a bio filterbefore the air is released to the surrounding.

.

video

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL:

All equipments in the plants are controlled by PLC system . .

Operation of each equipment can be seen by the red light adjacent to

drawing of equipment as well as in monitor of PLC system.

The operation of the plant is done through a SCADA-system

consisting of one server and one client located in the control room.

Video.

Layout of plant:

UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS: