Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects

Series EditorRussell H. TuttleDepartment of AnthropologyThe University of Chicago

For further volumes, go tohttp://www.springer.com/series/5852

Sharon Gursky-Doyen ● Jatna SupriatnaEditors

Indonesian Primates

EditorsSharon Gursky-DoyenDepartment of AnthropologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TXUSAgursky@tamu.edu

Jatna SupriatnaConservation International IndonesiaUniversity of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesiaj.supriatna@conservation.org

ISBN 978-1-4419-1559-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1560-3DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009942275

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

S.L. Gursky-Doyen dedicates this volume to her parents, Ronnie Bender and Burt Gursky, who after all these years still do not really know what she does, but they proudly display her books on their coffee table; and to her husband Jimmie who taught her what love is.

Jatna Supriatna dedicates this volume to all Indonesian primatologists who have been struggling to save the most diverse primates on earth. Also to his family and to colleagues in the Department of Biology at the University of Indonesia and Conservation International Indonesia who have supported me throughout my tenure.

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Acknowledgments

The contributions and comments of many people have been critical to the develop-ment of this edited volume and we would like to acknowledge their pivotal role. Our profound thanks to all the authors who contributed to this volume. We would also like to thank the many anonymous reviewers for the time and effort they put into critiquing the papers presented in this volume. Thanks to Janet Slobodien, the editor at Springer (and her assistants), and Dr. Russell Tuttle for allowing this volume to be a part of the Developments in Primatology series.

S.L. Gursky-Doyen would like to acknowledge a number of organizations that have been exceedingly generous with their logistic and financial support. Texas A&M University has provided both financial support for Gursky-Doyen’s research as well as logistic support in the form of time off from teaching responsibilities. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and the Indonesian Department of Forestry (PHPA) regularly granted Gursky-Doyen permission to conduct research in protected forest. The Fulbright Foundation, Primate Conservation Inc., Conservation International Primate Action Fund, LSB Leakey Foundation, Wenner–Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society have all provided Gursky-Doyen with funds at various stages of her fieldwork in Indonesia.

Jatna Supriatna would like to thank several individuals and organizations that have supported his work in Indonesia. Dr. Russell Mittermeier and Dr. Anthony Rylands from Conservation International and IUCN-SSC-Primate Specialist Group, respectively, have each enriched his understanding of primate conservation throughout the world. While in Indonesia, Dr. Sukarya Somadikarta, Dr. Indrawati Ganjar, Dr. Noviar Andayani, Mr. Jarot Arisona Aji from the University of Indonesia helped him develop a fuller understanding of Indonesian biodiversity. Both Conservation International Indonesia and the Department of Biology at the University of Indonesia have supported his work either by providing funds or stu-dents to work with him. In addition, the Indonesian Primatologist Association, the Southeast Asia Primatologist Association and IUCN-SSC-Primate Specialist Group have also worked with Jatna to develop primate action plans and workshops to save Indonesia’s primates.

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Contents

1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1Nanda Grow, Sharon Gursky-Doyen, and Jatna Supriatna

Part I Indonesia’s Apes

2 Measuring Performance of Orangutan Protection and Monitoring Unit: Implications for Species Conservation .............. 9Jito Sugardjito and Asep S. Adhikerana

3 Communication, Culture and Conservation in Orangutans ................. 23Roberto A. Delgado

4 The Natural History of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) ............... 41Sri Suci Utami Atmoko and Carel P. van Schaik

5 Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch): Population and Conservation ....... 57Jatna Supriatna, Alan Mootnick, and Noviar Andayani

6 Siamang Socioecology in Spatiotemporally Heterogenous Landscapes: Do “Typical” Groups Exist? .............................................. 73Susan Lappan

7 Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Ranging and Home Range of Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) and Agile Gibbons (Hylobates agilis) ....................................................... 97Achmad Yanuar and David J. Chivers

8 Behavioural Ecology of Gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in a Degraded Peat-Swamp Forest .......................................................... 121Susan M. Cheyne

x Contents

9 Effect of Habitat Quality on Primate Populations in Kalimantan: Gibbons and Leaf Monkeys as Case Studies ........................................ 157Andrew J. Marshall

Part II Indonesia’s Monkeys

10 Predator Recognition in the Absence of Selection ............................... 181Jessica L. Yorzinski

11 The Relationship Between Nonhuman Primate Densities and Vegetation on the Pagai, Mentawai Islands, Indonesia ................ 199Lisa M. Paciulli

12 Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus): Bio-ecology and Conservation .................................................................................... 217Muhamad Bismark

13 Pests, Pestilence, and People: The Long-Tailed Macaque and Its Role in the Cultural Complexities of Bali ................................ 235Kelly E. Lane, Michelle Lute, Aida Rompis, I. Nengah Wandia, I.G.A. Arta Putra, Hope Hollocher, and Agustin Fuentes

14 The Not-So-Sacred Monkeys of Bali: A Radiographic Study of Human-Primate Commensalism ............................................ 249Michael A. Schilaci, Gregory A. Engel, Agustin Fuentes, Aida Rompis, Arta Putra, I. Nengah Wandia, James A. Bailey, Gil C, and Lisa Jones-Engel

15 Male–Male Affiliation in Sulawesi Tonkean Macaques ....................... 257Erin P. Riley

16 Ecology and Conservation of the Hose’s Langur Group (Colobinae: Presbytis hosei, P. canicrus, P. sabana): A Review .................................................................................................. 269Vincent Nijman

17 Thomas Langurs: Ecology, Sexual Conflict and Social Dynamics ............................................................................... 285Serge A. Wich and Elisabeth H.M. Sterck

18 Dominance and Reciprocity in the Grooming Relationships of Female Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Indonesia.............................................................................................. 309Michael D. Gumert

xiContents

19 Selamatkan Yaki! Conservation of Sulawesi Crested Black Macaques Macaca nigra .............................................................. 343Vicky Melfi

Part III Indonesia’s Prosimians

20 The Function of Scentmarking in Spectral Tarsiers ............................ 359Sharon Gursky-Doyen

21 The Population Ecology of Dian’s Tarsier ............................................ 371Stefan Merker

22 Using Facial Markings to Unmask Diversity: The Slow Lorises (Primates: Lorisidae: Nycticebus spp.) of Indonesia ............................ 383K.A.I. Nekaris and Rachel Munds

23 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 397

Index ................................................................................................................. 401

xiii

Contributors

Asep S. AdhikeranaFauna and Flora International Indonesia Program, Jalan Harsono, RM. No.1 Ragunan, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia

Noviar AndayaniWildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program Jl. Burangrang 18, Bogor, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia nandayani@wcs.org

James A. BaileyDepartment of Political Science and Law Enforcement, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA

M. BismarkForest and Nature Conservation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia bismark_forda@yahoo.com

Gil BrogdonDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, AL, USA

Susan M. CheyneWildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney, Abingdon Road, OX13 5QL, United KingdomOrang-utan Tropical Peatland Project, Center for the International Cooperation in Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia susan.cheyne@zoo.ox.ac.uk

David ChiversWildlife Research Group, The Anatomy School, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK Djc7@cam.ac.uk

xiv Contributors

Roberto A. Delgado Jr.Integrative & Evolutionary Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90089, USA radelgad@usc.edu

Gregory A. EngelSwedish/Cherry Hill Family Practice Residency, Seattle, WA, USAWashington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Agustin FuentesDepartment of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USAafuentes@nd.edu

Sharon GurskyDepartment of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, MS 4352, College Station, TX 77843, USAgursky@tamu.edu

Michael D. GumertAssistant Professor, Division of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 gumert@ntu.edu.sg

Hope HollocherUniversity of Notre Dame, Department of Biology, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5611, USA Hope.Hollocher.1@nd.edu

Lisa Jones-EngelWashington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA jonesengel@bart.rprc.washington.edu

Kelly LaneDepartment of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5611, USA klane3@nd.edu

Susan LappanDepartment of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USAlappan@nyu.edu

Michelle LuteDepartment of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5611mkulaga@nd.edu

Andrew J. MarshallDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, USAajmarshall@ucdavis.edu

xvContributors

Dr. Vicky MelfiWhitley Wildlife Conservation Trust, Field Conservation and Research Department, Paignton Zoo Environmental Park, Totnes Road, Paignton, Devon, TQ4 7EU, UKvicky.melfi@paigntonzoo.org.uk

Stefan MerkerInstitute of Anthropology, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, 55099 Mainz, Germanymerker@uni-mainz.de, tarsius@gmx.net

Alan R. MootnickGibbon Conservation Center, P.O. Box 800249, Santa Clarita, CA 91380, USAalan@gibboncenter.org

Rachel MundsNocturnal Primate Research Group, School of Social Sciences and Law, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom rmunds27@gmail.com

K.A.I. NekarisNocturnal Primate Research Group, School of Social Sciences and Law, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom anekaris@brookes.ac.uk

Vincent NijmanDepartment of Anthropology and Geography, School of Social Sciences and Law, Oxford Brookes University, OX3 0BP, Oxford, United Kingdom vnijman@brookes.ac.uk

Lisa M. PaciulliDepartment of Anthropology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118, USA lpaciull@westga.edu

Arta PutraFakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Pusat Kajian Primata, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia artaputra@telkom.net

Erin P. RileyDepartment of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-6040, USA epriley@mail.sdsu.edu

Aida RompisFakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Pusat Kajian Primata, Udayana University, Bali Indonesia Agungida@indo.net.id

xvi Contributors

Michael A. SchillaciDepartment of Social Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4 ,Canada schillaci@utsc.utoronto.ca

Elisabeth H. M. SterckBehavioral Biology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80086, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The NetherlandsEthology Research, Biomedical Primate Research Center, PO Box 3306 ,2280 GH Rijswijk, The NetherlandsE.H.M.Sterck@uu.nl

Jito SugardjitoResearch Center for Biology, The Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Cibinong Km.48, Cibinong 16911, Indonesiajitos@cbn.net.id

Jatna SupriatnaConservation International Indonesia, Jl. Pejaten Barat 16 A, Jakarta 12559, Indonesia, jsupriatna@conservation.orgDepartment of Biology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Sri Suci Utami AtmokoFaculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesiasuci_azwar@yahoo.co.id

Carel van SchaikAnthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Switzerlandvschaik@aim.unizh.ch

I. Nengah WandiaFakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesiangh.wandia@plasa.com

Serge A. WichGreat Ape Trust of Iowa, 4200 SE 44th Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50320, USAswich@greatapetrust.org

Achmad YanuarConservation International Indonesia, Jl. Pejaten Barat 16 A, Jakarta 12559, Indonesiaayanuar@conservation.org

Jessica L. YorzinskiAnimal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAjyorzinski@ucdavis.edu