development, validity and reliability of assessment tools

5/19/2018 Development, Validity and Reliability of Assessment Tools

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Republic of the Philippines

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Fatima, General Santos City

Module 3: Development, Validity and Reliability of Assessment Tools

Lesson 10: Validity of Tests or Instruments

Presented to:

Dr. Ava Clare Marie O. Robles

Class Schedule: TFR /1:00 - 2:30

Presented by:

Errolha Lynn T. Seballos

Dhecyrie Jean S. Deirio

Cynthia C. Demolar

Juliemer B. Absalon


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OBJECTIVES

To discuss the different types of validity

To enumerate the ways to reduce the validity of

the test items

To determine the factors affecting the validity of

a test items


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Important things to remember about Validity

Validity refers to the decisions we make,

and not to the test itself or to the

measurement.

Like reliability, validity is not an all or

nothing concept; it is never totally absent or

absolutely perfect.

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Concepcion, Benjamin.et.al. (2012). LET Reviewer. MET Review Center, Manila.


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Important things to remember about Validity

A validity estimate, called a validity

coefficient, refers to specific type of

validity. It ranges between 0 to 1.

Validity can never be finally determined; it

is specific to each administration of the

test.

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TYPES OF VALIDITY

Content ValidityConstruct Validity

Convergent Validity

Divergent Validity

Criterion-related ValidityConcurrent Validity

Predictive Validity


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Content ValidityThe content or topic is truly the

representative of the course. It involves thesystematic administration of the test content

to determine if it covers the representative

sample of the behavior domain to be

measured.

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Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila


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Sample Test Items

Direction: Encircle the correct answer in the parenthesis

Retain

3

Revise

2

Delete

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1. She (hears, hear) mass everyday.

2. Her daily allowance of 50php (is, are) not enough.

3. Mother (buy, buys) apples.

4. Cynthia (give, gives) alms to the beggar.

5. Joyce (put, puts) flowers in the vase.

For instance, the teacher wishes to validate a test in English.

Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila


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Construct Validity

A type of validation that refers to the

measure of the extent to which a test measure

theoretical and unobservable variable qualities,

such as intelligence, math achievement,

performance anxiety and the like, over a period

of time on the basis on gathering evidence.

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(Gabuyo)


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a.Convergent Validity- is a type of construct

validation wherein a test has a high correlation with

another that measures the same construct.

b.Divergent Validity- is a type of construct

validation which a test has a low correlation with a test

hat measures a different construct. In this case, a high

validity occurs only when there is a low correlation

coefficient between the test ta measures different test.

(Gabuyo)


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Criterion-related Validity

Also referred to as Instrumental Validity.

This type of validity is used to demonstrate the

accuracy of measure or procedure by

comparing it with another process or method

which has been demonstrated to be valid.

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http://www.slideshare.net/Samcruz5/validity-reliability-practicality


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a.Concurrent Validity degree to which the

test agrees or correlates with a criterion set

up as an acceptable measure; the criterion is

always available at the time of testing.

b.Predictive Validity determines by showing

how well predictions made from the test are

proven by proof collected at some succeeding

time.

(Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila.)


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Ways to Reduce the Validity of the Test Item

Poorly constructed test items

Unclear directions

Ambiguous items

Reading vocabulary too difficult

Complicated syntax

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Ways to Reduce the Validity of the Test Item

Inadequate time limit

Inappropriate level of difficulty

Unintended clues

Improper arrangement of items

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Factors affecting the validity of a test item

The test itself

The administration and scoring

of a test

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Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila.


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Personal factors influencing how students

response to the test.

Validity is always specific to a particulargroup.

Factors affecting the validity of a test item

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Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila.


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Summary

Content Validity

Construct Validity

Convergent Validity

Divergent Validity

Criterion-related ValidityConcurrent Validity

Predictive Validity


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Thank You!

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