Development of Nuclear Power Plant Simulators for Socialization Tools in

Indonesia

SUDARNO

National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

TM on Effective Utilization of NPP Simulators as Introductory Educational ToolsVienna, 19-22 May 2014

Outline Presentation :

◦Current state of Indonesian energy◦Development of NPP Simulators in Indonesia◦Methods used for development of Indonesia

NPP Simulator ◦Future works of Indonesian NPP Simulator

development ◦Conclusion

Introduction : About Indonesia

Indonesia is an archipelago countryConsisting thousands islands (±3000) Among the five big islands, Java Island is the

most populated island:◦ 130 million inhabitants with 940 peoples/km2

Java has a lot of industrials bases that support entire the country’s needs

Java Island

Energy situation in Indonesia Oil still dominates primary

energy sources in Indonesia, currently oil consumption accounted for about 52% of primary energy mix (World Bank, 2006)

Primary energy sources mostly located out-site of Java Island

Electricity demand concentrated in Java-Bali-Madura islands

Electricity projection on Java-Bali-Madura system

Needs of Nuclear Power Plants Introduction of NPP to supply Java-Bali-Madura electricity grid

system.

Expected advantages: ◦ long term energy security, stimulating industrialization

and development of human resource, low air pollution, low green house effect, saving resources.

Several drawbacks (challenges) : ◦ site for final disposal not available yet, difficulty on

investment, longer lead time and construction period, financial risk, long term political support, assurance in importing fuel, low public acceptance.

Development of NPP Simulators in IndonesiaHybrid NPP Simulator based on Kartini Reactor

(Syarif et al.)

Hybrid NPP Simulator based on Kartini Reactor

Online mode : simulation is done using online reactor operation data such as control rod position and reactor power. The simulator calculate other parameter values.

Offline mode : the posistion of control rod is set by user using Control rod button, then based on reactor operation database, the simulator determine the value of control rod reactivity and the reactor power.

PWR-1000 NPP Simulator (Subekti et al)

NSSS Panel

Reactor Model Modeling PWR1000

Core 4-loop

Simulator PWR1000 core model refers to PWR 1000 from Westinghouse. Next picture shows the safety rods and control rods location.

Reactor KineticsReactor Kinetic is done by point kinetics approach using inhour solution, in order to accelerate the simulator computation.

Programming inhour equation in G-programming language

Operation Mode:

- Start-up- Power Rise- Stable 100%

- Shutdown

Simulation for startup and power rise

Startup simulation : control rod A-cluster and B-cluster are fully withdrawn. At this condition the reactor is still subcritical. Then withdraw the control rod C-cluster until we get criticality.

The reactor is at hot core condition, zero power and free Xenon, which is verified by very small value of Xenon negative reactivity.

Operation Mode

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

1.E-081.E-071.E-061.E-051.E-041.E-031.E-021.E-011.E+001.E+011.E+021.E+031.E+041.E+051.E+061.E+071.E+08

5:38:54 5:47:47 5:56:40 6:05:33 6:14:25 6:23:18 6:32:11 6:41:04

CR

s Po

sitio

n fo

r B

ank-

C [m

m]

NPP

Pow

er L

evel

[MW

e]

Time [hh:mm:ss]

Power Rise Condition

CRs Withdrawal during startup condition

CRs insertion to slow down the power rate increase

~95 pcm

NPP Power Level

~95 pcm

After criticality, the automatic mode will withdraw the CRs until reactivity exceeding 95 pcm, not more than 100 pcm as safety limit. Beside this reactivity safety limit, the reactor-power increase-rate (power rate) must be below 85 MWe/minute.

- Start-up- Power Rise

Operation Mode

2200

2210

2220

2230

2240

2250

2260

2270

999.0

1000.0

1001.0

1002.0

6:41:21 6:41:40 6:41:59 6:42:18 6:42:37 6:42:57 6:43:16 6:43:35 6:43:54 6:44:13 6:44:33

CR

s Po

sitio

n fo

r Ban

k-C

[mm

]

NPP

Pow

er L

evel

[MW

e]

Time [hh:mm:ss]

CRs Position

NPP Power Level

Setting of High Power Limit for Automatic Mode

Setting of Low Power Limit for Automatic Mode

- Stable 100%

After power reactor is 100% stable at 1000 MWe, automatic mode will regulate the CRs movement by inserting the CRs if low power limit exceeded or withdraw CR if high power limit exceeded. Low power limit is 999.5 MWe and high power limit is 1000.5 MWe. This stable condition will continue until all CRs fully withdrawal.

- Shutdown

-1.20

-1.00

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0

200

400

600

800

1000

6:17:47 7:05:47 7:53:47 8:41:47 9:29:47 10:17:47 11:05:47 11:53:47

Rea

ctiv

ity [p

cm]

NP

P P

ower

Lev

el [M

We]

Time [hh:mm:ss]

Reactivity

NPP Power Level

Operation Mode

Insert CR C-cluster, B-cluster an A-cluster, followed by full insertion of safety rods.

Benchmarking simulator result with RELAP, COBRA-EN

•Simulation of PWR Accident: LOCA, SBO, LOFA etc.

◦Future works of Indonesian NPP Simulator development

ConclusionThe simulator is design as a tool of NPP

socialization.

Point kinetics is used for reactor kinetic in order to get real time simulation.

The NPP simulators development are still in progress.