1October 8, 2004, Warsaw

Development of Fuel Cells in France : Organization and Results

Daniel Clément

Françoise Barbier

Coordinators of PACo network

2October 8, 2004, Warsaw

PACO

The Fuel Cell Research and Innovation Network (www.reseaupaco.org)

Founded in June 1999 by the French ministry of research to:

Encourage public-private partnerships for joint R&D activities and facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation

Promote the emergence of a number of industrial activities

Support funding of selected R&D projects (labelling decision).

3October 8, 2004, Warsaw

Expert's report

Labelling decision

R&D workby consortium

Proposal of R&D project by

consortium participants

Final reportevaluation of

results

Bottom-up strategy Funding

decision

PACo organization

Coordination TeamPoint of contact

Executive BureauFunding organizations included

(Ministries of Research, Industry, Transport, ADEME)

Steering Committee

Strategic priorities

4October 8, 2004, Warsaw

PACo Activity

More than 60 teams 52 approved projects Public funding ~ 10 M€/year

(Ratio funding: ~ 45 %)

Funding received by actors

Public actors

43%Private actors

57%

Projects by thematic sectors

Fuel cells and

system52%

Cross-cutting topics16%

H2, other fuels32%

6%

23%

46%

25% Transport

Ademe

Recherche

Industrie

Anvar

Funding by governmental entities

5October 8, 2004, Warsaw

PACo R&D Areas (1)

Hydrogen and other fuels

Hydrogen storage- Pressurized gas containers (pressure up to 700 bar)

- Carbon materials (active carbon,…)

-Metal hydrides

Development of small reformers- Compact (1-5 kW) and low cost reformers (NG, gasoline, biomass fuels…)

- Different processes: SR, POX, auto-thermal, non catalytic hybrid steam reforming

- Improvements: efficiency, capacities, response time, purification

6October 8, 2004, Warsaw

PACo R&D Areas (2)

Fuel cell systems and demonstrations

PEMFC- Membranes: temperature (120-150°C), durability - New catalysts- MEA, BP (materials, design) - System design and integration

- Degradation mechanisms

SOFC- New materials at reduced temperature (< 750 °C)- Materials for internal reforming - Interconnection materials

- Stack architecture - Degradation mechanisms

DAFC (methanol, ethanol) - New materials (membranes, catalysts…)

7October 8, 2004, Warsaw

AXANE is a wholly owned AIR LIQUIDE subsidiary

EVOPAC™: A modular concept which offers a power range, from 500W to 10kW for multiple uses, from portable generators to small stationary and/or transport applications.

Picture of the activity in France:Emergence of fuel cell makers

HELION is a Technicatome group's subsidiary of the holding Areva (PEMFC for submarine applications, back-up systems)

ROLLER PAC™:an application of EVOPAC™a 2 kW 110-230 V ACpower generator

BACK PAC ™:A portable fuel cell system110-230 V AC - 12 V DC48 V DC power source

                              2002

PolarPac (Ice cap mission)

2003 RollerPac

(Hanovre fair)

8October 8, 2004, Warsaw

Transport applications

TAXI PAC

Peugeot H2O

(Octobre 2002)

Gaseous H2 700 bars

(Mars 2001)

Onboard H2 storagePeugeot

Onboard H2 production Renault

Development of onboard fuel processor for PEM fuel cell vehicles

2004 gasoline power plant layout in SCENIC II vehicle

9October 8, 2004, Warsaw

Public research organisationsPublic research organisationsCEA, CNRS,

IFP, INRETS, INERIS, CSTB, UTBM,

Universities,

Fuel cell makersFuel cell makers System IntegrationSystem Integration

Axane, Helion, SNECMA

Materials and componentsMaterials and componentsSNPE-SME

Saint-Gobain, Ullit, Composites Aquitaine

Energy suppliersEnergy suppliersEnergy servicesEnergy services

EDF, Dalkia, Alstom, Areva

Fuel processor makersFuel processor makersN-GHY, CETH

Oil companiesOil companiesGas suppliersGas suppliers

Air Liquide, GDF, Total

The players in the fuel cell innovation system

End UsersEnd UsersRenault, PSA, Irisbus,Valeo

Schneider, Thales

Governmental entitiesGovernmental entitiesMinistries, ADEME

EuropeEuropeFP6

European Hydrogen Platform

InternationalInternationalIPHE

10October 8, 2004, Warsaw

0

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1

1,5

2

2,5

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Année

Den

sité

de

puis

sanc

e (k

W/l)

PEMFCPAFCAFCPEMFC

Significant technological advances

progress on stack compacity (1,5 kW/l) and efficiency (> 45 % at Pmax)

decrease in membrane thickness: from 200 µm to 25-50 µm (and now 10 µm)

reduction in catalyst loading (x 10): Pt loading < 0,4 mg/cm2

better tolerance of catalysts to impurities (100 ppm CO)

system simplification 0

2

4

6

8

10

1955 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003

Year

Pt

loa

din

g (

mg

/cm

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Pt loading (mg/cm2)

30

0,001

0,2 0,25

0,75

1

2

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

1955 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003

Year

Po

wer

per

Pt

load

ing

(kW

/g)

Power per Pt loading (kW/g)

11October 8, 2004, Warsaw

PACo R&D Areas (3)

Cross-cutting actions

Codes and standards

Safety

Techno-economic analysis

Information access:

Internet portal (www.reseaupaco.org)

Free source for fuel cell news and events, technological look out (http://veille.reseaupaco.org)

Plate-forme de veille et d'animation du réseau

12October 8, 2004, Warsaw

Implementation of PAN’H : a national program on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Strengthen international cooperation

1. European Hydrogen Platform

2. International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy (IPHE)

Future