Development in Air Pollution Data Collection in Europe

Hans EerensIntroductionEstablishment European Environmental Agency (EEA) and its Topic Centres A common European Environmental Information system (EIONET): Air Quality (and Emission) database through AIRBASEPresentation of data: Air Pollution Indicators & Urban Air Pollution Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution & Climate Change: the next steps

Introduction: Development European Community Legislation Around 1975:EC establish an air pollution expert working group: Gathering urban air quality data (mostly SO2), main focus on QA/QC of measurement methods and site selection1979: Legal structure EoI (Exchange of Information) directive: Member states selects a representative number of measurement stations to EC, EC stores data and yearly report data80s: Directives for SO2 and particles, Lead and NO21990: EoI directive ends 10 year period, new EoI needed countries decide to continue on a voluntary basis, development of Girafe (Guide of Air Quality Monitoring Networks in Europe)

Introduction: Development European Community Legislation1992: Ozone directive1996: Air Quality Framework adopted: general principles for pollutant directives set1997 new EoI adopted, all measurement stations that measures a component on the list (.. Components) has to be reported (in 2001 amended)1998 EU provides countries with DEM, a data exchange module to convert national data to Airbase, EEA starts to provide yearly Air pollution reports based on the data provided.

Introduction: Development European Community Legislation1999: First Daughter directive adopted (PM10, So2, No2, lead)2000: Second daughter directive: CO and Benzene2001: Third Daughter directive: Ozone2001: Emission Directive (NEC): SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3 national emission ceilings for 2010 set2001: CAFE (Clean Air For Europe) is launched: a thematic strategy is foreseen for 2004coming up: Daughter directives for PAHs and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, As, Hg)

Introduction: SummaryMonitoring and reporting air emissions and air quality data is required under

CLRTAP protocolsEU legislation (air quality/emission Directives)UNFCCC

Background EEAA European Union institutionEstablished by EU RegulationStaff: about 80Budget: ca. 20 M EuroSeat: Copenhagen EEA home page: www.eea.eu.int

The EEA missionThrough the provision of timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy making agents and the public, the EEA aims to help achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europes environment

EEA member and partner countriesEU Member States+ Norway Iceland Liechtenstein

+East Europe, Malta, Cyprus(members in 2001)

NIS

ETC/ACC: general informationEstablished April 2001 for three yearsLead organisation: RIVM, the NetherlandsAround 10 -15 man year/yearSuccessor of two ETCs: Air Emissions and Air QualityFocus on Air Pollution and Climate Change

ETC/ACC: A truly European consortium Lead organisation: National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM) 12 Partners: UBA- Berlin, Germany IIASA, Austria NILU, Norway UBA- Vienna, Austria AEAT, United Kingdom AUT, Greece CHMI, Czech Republic ICCS-NTUA, Greece DNMI, Norway SHMU, Slovakia TNO-MEP, The Netherlands ko-Institute, Germany

ETC/ACC: Vision and PrioritiesPartnership with countries and stakeholdersConsolidate monitoring workSupport Air Pollution and Climate Change PoliciesEnhance linkages between air emissions and air qualityExplore cross-benefits between Climate Change and Air Pollution policies

Integrated Assessment (ACC)energytransportindustryagriculturetourismEconomy & populationDPSCO2GHGSO2NHxVOCPM10NOxPM10O3NO2SO2PM10O3NO2SO2 EmissionsAir qualityregionalurbanIRHealthEcosystemsMaterialsECCPCAFE

Practical aspects - Air EmissionsIndicator reportsGuidebookReporting software:CollectERReportERInternet data service

Practical aspects - Air qualityIndicator reportsGuidance documentsEUROAIRNET monitoring networkAIRBASE information systemAQ-DEM reporting softwareModel Documentation SystemInternet data service

Country Support Tools for Air QualityDatabaseAirbaseWeb based applications (etc-acc.eionet.eu.int) :AIRVIEWMDS (Model catalogue)(ON LINE OZON WEBSITE)PC-application:DEMv5

EIONETEEA supports and helps improving and streamlining national reportingAssessment and reporting is carried out in close contact with national coordination centers and expertise centers(meetings, workshops, informal contacts)

Emissions

emissions

Emission: obligations

Greenhouse gases: Distance-to-target (1999)

AIRBASEAQ Data collection based on Exchange of Information Decision (EoI)pan-European Metadata of air quality measurement stations in Europe (information about networks, stations and measurement configurations)Air quality measurement data (raw data, statistics) of more than 30 countriesavailable to general public

Access to AIRBASE

1995-1999

AIRVIEW Facilitates interactive access to AIRBASE

Visualisation of data in the form of maps, graphs or tables

Java based applet application

http://www.etcaq.rivm.nl/databases/airview.html

Airview

Airview

Airview

Airview

Airview

Airview

Weekday dependence of ozone concentrationscan provide information concerning the effect of emission reductions on Ozone

NMVOC and NOx emissions are ca 30 % lower during weekend days than during working days

The Ozone weekend effect

The Ozone weekend effect

Average rural ozone trends are upward

Urban ozone trends are more positiveO3 trends all stations > 5 full years051015-15-10-5051015trend (%/y)urbanrural

High exceedances are going down

Ozone summary (1994-2000) 50 P98 P# stations (> 1my) 17871788> 5 monitoring years 645 645

upward trend 127 13downward trend 11 165

Exceedance days Ozone (1994-2000)180(1h)110(8h) 65(24h)

# stations(>1my) 186818041745> 5 mon years 664 586 592

upward 6 15 53downward 131 131 83

zero 87 3 0

DEM (Data Exchange Module)Facilitates data transmission from countries to AIRBASEPC-application Add, modify and delete meta information on AQ networks, stations and measurement configurationsVisualise imported dataGenerate reports giving an overview contained in application

DEMTransmitting the database through Internet (Ftp) for incorporation in Airbase

Next cycle, next year: The DEM is sent to the countries; the DEM is pre loaded with all actual meta information of AIRBASE. The countries are asked to correct and complete the meta information and to add the data of the last year

DEMExchange of Information Decision 97/101/EC (from 2002: 2002/752/EC)

Directive 92/72/EC (Ozone)

EEA-Euroairnet

EMEP Task Force Measurement and Modelling

Summary: Country Support Tools for Air Quality Accessible by WebsiteURL: etc-acc.eionet.eu.intInteractive access to AIRBASE (Airview)Download DEMInformation

ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

representative transparentdistinctiveconsistent within DPSIR-chaintarget value

Air Pollution Indicators Building blocks for:Environmental Signals report of EEAsectoral reports (TERM, EERM)Kiev report (ministerial conference)Air Quality & Air Pollution reports...

Air Pollution Indicators Core set-pressure:emissions acidifying pollutantsemissions ozone precursursemissions prim & sec PM10

emissions SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3

Air Pollution Indicators Core set-impact & response (under development):human health exposure and risk by air pollution

effectiveness policy response SO2 and NOx

Industry sector

-60%

-50%

-40%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Added Value

Energy Use

Acidifying substances

Tropospheric Ozone Precursors

Urban ozone (8h>110 ug/m3)

Urban SO2

Urban PM10

Urban Air Pollution: exceedance of Limit Values (LV)

Integrated Environmental Assessment - Framework Driven by policy questions (GHG MM and CAFE) Covering full DPSIR causality chain focus on sectorsBaseline trends: emerging issues and policy effectiveness Geogr. scope: EU and ACC Time horizon: 2010/2010 (+2050 for CC)

GHG & S ConcentrationUrban emissionsNational/Regional GHG & SO2 emissions (global)National SO2, NOx, NH3, VOC, PM emissionsImpactsHealthEcosystemsImpactsHealthConcentration/ DepositionBackgroundClimate (change)PopulationUrban ConcentrationImpactsSea levelEcosystemsClimateResponse: . Ancillary benefitscost- & environmental effectivenessInteraction

Co-benefits Climate Change

Spill-overs

Spill-over effects

SubstancePM10Climate changeAcidification & Trop O3BL-2010DimensionClimateAP NC

0%15%03322Mt2819.0

0%24%17%

0%8%16%

VOC0%0%19.9%

P Index0%0%11.4%1249pressure index1249.0P Index

28%24%7.4%

HMs26%13%0.4%100-87.5HMs61%

PAHs0%18%0.0%5863ton4788.0PAHs3607

Diox/Fur0%27%0.2%4181gram3043.0Diox/Fur2520

Spill-overSpill-OverRemainder

ClimateAcid

AP-NTAP-NTAP-NTBaseline

HM20102010201020101990

Pb11%0%21%662625ton1637461.7793540598523621%

Cd15%0%33%20625ton19723.907766990313933%

Cu11%1%15%145925ton145124.8629198081124615%

Hg14%0%35%22625ton24727.323008849614635%

HMs12.52%0.37%26%100100Weighted137.8730497077

Weights87.11%61.24%

Pb

Cd

Cu

Hg

Chart1

0.1514148104

0.2439227093

0.0803179825

0

0.2387871131

0.1251887908

0.1833532321

0.2721836881

Climate change

Reduction 2010 compared to BL-2010

Co-benefits of climate change

Summary

SPILL OVER EFFECTS IN AP NT (Data used in the graph of paragraph 3.6)

SubstanceUnitBL-2010Emissions after applying measures until 1999 (incl. EURO4) in AP-scenariosEmissions after applying climate change measures only in AP NT scenario%Emissions after applying acidification measures also in the AP NT scenarioEmissions after applying end-of-pipe measures with respect to PM10Benefits from EURO4 etc (in Mt)Billion/MtBillion

Mt33223322281928192819

Mt4.84.83.624.4%2.82.8

Mt7.36.596.08.0%5.55.50.7037.955.5888517.7%

VOCMt7.26.836.80.0%5.75.712.288.63284

P IndexIndex1249124912490.0%1107110711.4%

Kt15831583120523.9%10886467.4%

HMsIndex BL2010=10010010087.512.5%87.161.2x

PAHsKt58635863478818.3%478847880.0%

Diox/FurGram41814181304327.2%303330330.2%

SubstanceUnitBL-2010Emissions after applying measures until 1999 (incl. EURO4) in AP-scenariosEmissions after applying climate change measures only in AP FT scenario%Emissions after applying acidification measures also in the AP FT scenarioEmissions after applying end-of-pipe measures with respect to PM10Comment

CO2Mt33223322306730673067

SO2Mt4.84.84.114.6%2.82.8

NOxMt7.36.596.34.0%5.55.5

VOCMt7.27.27.25.75.7

P IndexIndex12491249124911071107P index mainly depends on non-climate indicators, therefore no major differences are expected.

PM10Kt15831583120523.9%1088646i.e., assumed to be identical to NT-scenario. Spill effect from climate will be lower in reality, but to a limited extent because fuel switch (which has a major impact on PM10 emissions) and the transport scenario are not very different in the FT scenario

HMsIndex BL2010=10010010087.587.161.2same comment as for PM10

PAHsKt58635863478847884788same comment as for PM10

Diox/FurGram41814181304330333033same comment as for PM10

Sheet3

Distance-to-target (2010) without additional measures

Chart1

UKUKUK0.02

GermanyGermanyGermany-0.02

DenmarkDenmarkDenmark-0.04

GreeceGreeceGreece-0.04

LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg-0.05

SpainSpainSpain-0.07

Total EUTotal EUTotal EU-0.08

FranceFranceFrance-0.11

SwedenSwedenSweden-0.13

ItalyItalyItaly-0.15

FinlandFinlandFinland-0.17

BelgiumBelgiumBelgium-0.21

AustriaAustriaAustria-0.23

NetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlands-0.24

IrelandIrelandIreland-0.26

PortugalPortugalPortugal-0.32

2010 gap in % of 1990

Sheet1

EU Burden sharingScenario with existing p&ms % changegap (MtCO2)gap (in % of 1990)

UK-13%-15%18.52%

Germany-21%-19%-19.4-2%

Denmark-21%-17%-3.3-4%

Greece25%29%-4-4%

Luxembourg-28%-23%-0.6-5%

Spain15%22%-22.8-7%

Total EU-8%0%-320-8%

France0%11%-59.1-11%

Sweden4%17%-9.3-13%

Italy-7%8%-79.3-15%

Finland0%17%-12.8-17%

Belgium-8%14%-24.1-21%

Austria-13%10%-17.6-23%

Netherlands-6%18%-52.9-24%

Ireland13%39%-14-26%

Portugal27%59%-19.2-32%

Sheet1

2010 gap in % of 1990

Sheet2

Sheet3

EMBED Word.Picture.8

_1060329401.doc

EU: % of urban population exposed in 1995 and 2010

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

PM10

NO2

Benzene

O3

SO2

Pb

CO

1995

2010

_1060965557.doc

EU: % of urban population exposed 1995 and 2010

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

PM10

NO2

Benzene

O3

SO2

Pb

CO

1995

2010

_1060965821.doc

EU: % of urban population exposed to exceedances

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

PM10

NO2

Benzene

O3

SO2

Pb

CO

1995

2010

_1060329248.doc

% of urban population exposed in 1995 and 2010

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

PM10

NO2

Benzene

O3

SO2

Pb

CO

1995

2010

Visit our websitehttp://air-climate.eionet.eu.int