Beyond Economic GrowthResume (Chapters 14 & 16)

Musat Elena Diana, DICHA

14. The Risk of Global Climate Change

Who is responsible for climate change?

developing countries

developed countries

versus

Before the 1980’s

increased energy consumption—accompanied by increased carbondioxide emissions—was directly linked toeconomic growth.

Questions- who is responsible for climate change?- should developing states obbey present environmental norms or not?- is it fair to move the polluting industries in developing countries?- can environmental norms be considered a new kind of imperialism?- should the present model of development be improved?- is there a more sustainable and feasible one?

Is cooperation possible?

The Northern countries

The Southern countries

versus

The Chinese exception

China (not a party to the Kyoto Protocol), managed to increase its GDP by 36 percent between 1996-2000, while still reducing its carbon dioxide emissions.

Dealing with Climate Change -global scale-

1992 - Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), issued the Framework Convention on Climate Change1995 - Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change1997 - the Kyoto Protocol (United Nations Conference on Climate Change)1999 - The Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF) established by the World Bank

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued several reports on future environmental changes that were due to occur.

- established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988

http://www.ipcc.ch/

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeRelated issues

TheAntroposcene

videobased on the 2013 Report

Related issues GAIN INDEX

● a project of the University of Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index (ND-GAIN)

● summarizes a country's vulnerability to climate change and other global challenges in combination with its readiness to improve resilience

● aims to help businesses and the public sector better prioritize investments for a more efficient response to the immediate global challenges ahead.

http://index.gain.org/

Related issues Climate Map

by Population Action International The Map Layers:- High population growth & high decline in agricultural production- High population growth & low resilience to climate change- Population & climate change hotspot

http://www.populationaction.org/climatemap/index.php

16. Indicators of Development Sustainability

Perspectives on national wealth

Classical perspective

Western economists

CAPITAL

LAND LABOUR

CAPITAL(human-made

physical capital)

World Bank‘s perspective:

National Wealth

physical capital (produced assets)human

resources

human capital

labour force natural capital

Developed countries versus poor countries

The genuine domestic saving rate takes into account natural resource depletion and pollution damages, among with human capital growth.

The exploitation of natural resources can be compensated by investments in human capital and sectors that use renewable resources.

Indicators of sustainable develpement

The paradoxEven though a country may achieve high sustainability according to certain criteria, on a global scale the impact could be negative.

For example: the delocalisation of polluting industries in developing countries will improve sustainability of developed countries, but the planet as a whole will be affected.

Material Throughput andEnvironmental Space

Material Throughput:

the volume of materialresources flowing through the humanproduction and consumption cycle.(the total stressthat humans put on their natural environment)

Environmental Space:

a country develops according to sustainability criteria if the natural resources used are only those that can be found on its own territory

Equity in extractives

by Africa Progress Panel

Analysis problems such as:- tax evasion - illicit transfers of wealth - unfair pricing practicesSets up an agenda for achieving greater transparency and accountability in the extractives industries in order to improve well-being.

http://www.africaprogresspanel.org/publications/policy-papers/africa-progress-report-2013/

Related issues

Social capital- multidimensional- social cohesion depends on it- refers to the relationship between certain actors such as: organisations and associations, and the social norms- requires coordination and cooperation at all levels

Global Innovation Index

http://www.globalinnovationindex.org/content.aspx?page=GII-Home

Related issues

Cornell University, INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, a specialized agency of the United Nations) co-publish The Global Innovation Index (GII).

Corruptionthe phenomenon of corruption can pose a great threat to societies, undermining economic growth and sustainability

Corruption Perception Indexes - Transparency International

http://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview

The Open Budget Index The Open Budget Index measures the overall commitment of countries to transparency and allows for comparisons among countries.

International Budget Partnership

http://internationalbudget.org/what-we-do/open-budget-survey/

Related issues

The Resource Governance Index

The Resource Governance Index (RGI) measures the quality of governance in the oil, gas and mining sectors of 58 countries.

Revenue Watch Institute

http://www.revenuewatch.org/rgi

Related issues

Note

● Related issues are not part of Beyond Economic Growth.

● Apart from the information presented in the chapters from Beyond Economic Growth, I have decided to add some links to other issues; one may find them useful for further research.

Links to other related issues:● http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-26144981

● http://www.international-alert.org/news/mining-africa

● http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7ZSQl6hucw

● http://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2013/05/surprises-ahead-population-environment-dynamics-tipping-points/#.UwDqdGJ_tpC

● http://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2011/07/the-specter-of-climate-wars/#.Uj8IYqJE_Sk

● http://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2013/03/demographic-environmental-dynamics-shape-global-trends-2030-scenarios/#.Uj3BGKJE_Sn