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Developing Spatial Infrastructures for the Q.U.T.

Samford Ecological Research Facility.

Mr Robert Webb

Lecturer and Spatial Science Subject Coordinator, School of Urban Development,

Faculty of Built Environment & Engineering, Queensland University of Technology

Keywords: Survey Control Infrastructure, Student Experiential Learning

Abstract

Staff and students of the Surveying and Spatial Sciences discipline at QUT have worked

collaboratively with the Institute of Sustainable Resources in the creation and development of

spatial information layers and infrastructure to support multi-disciplinary research efforts at

the Samford Ecological Research Facility (SERF). The SERF property is unique in that it provides

staff and students with a semi-rural controlled research base for multiple users. This paper aims

to describe the development of a number of spatial information layers and network of survey

monuments that assist and support research infrastructure at SERF. A brief historical

background about the facility is presented along with descriptions of the surveying and

mapping activities undertaken. These broad ranging activities include introducing monument

infrastructure and a geodetic control network; surveying activities for aerial photography

ground-control targets including precise levelling with barcode instruments; development of an

ortho-rectified image spatial information layer; Real-Time-Kinematic Global Positioning Systems

(RTK-GPS) surveying for constructing 100metre confluence points/monuments to

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support science-based disciplines to undertake environmental research transects and long-term

ecological sampling; and real-world learning initiative to assist with water engineering projects

and student experiential learning. The spatial information layers and physical infrastructure

have been adopted by two specific yet diverse user groups with an interest in the long-term

research focus of SERF.

Introduction

The Samford Ecological Research Facility (SERF) is managed by the Institute for Sustainable

Resources of the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). SERF is located at Upper Camp

Mountain Road in Samford, a twenty-five minute drive north-west of the Brisbane CBD. The

property has long been described as comprising Lots 42-45, on registered survey plan S3149.

More than seventy percent of the fifty-one hectare property is covered with moderate

vegetation and provides a natural laboratory for research and educational experiences to

students and visitors. Samford Creek aligns the north-western boundary of the property whilst

within the property the ephemeral creek is vegetated and remains relatively undisturbed.

Terrain relief is in the range of 65metres to 90metres above sea level.

The objective of this facility is to provide QUT staff and students with a site-specific and

controlled research base for a range of natural science, engineering, built environment, and

educational programs in areas pertaining to urban development and its impact on the

ecosystem (Chenoweth, 2010). This facility has a dedicated long-term research focus on

sustainability and the environment, and can be enhanced by the availability of

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site-specific spatial information layers. A systematic review of existing mapping data and other

survey/spatially related datasets demonstrated a lack of suitable scaled existing products

combined with a lack of information currency.

Spatial Infrastructure, in the context of this paper, refers to the physical survey

monumentation, the associated precision positioning information, and the creation of new

spatial information layers at a site-specific and focused scale. This paper contributes to the

development of reference layers of spatial information to which other researchers will build

scientific knowledge upon. Additionally this paper provides description of a few fundamental

elements that constitutes a site-specific spatial infrastructure, conforming to the Global Spatial

Data Infrastructures (GSDI) association broad approach, thus……Anyone who is involved in a

project of which spatial information forms an integral part and who intends leaving a legacy of

spatial data or tools to exploit the data that lasts beyond the period of funding for the project is,

by definition, participating in some of the fundamental elements required by an SDI(Spatial

Data Infrastructure). As coordination between such organisations expands, these projects very

often lay the foundations on which initiatives formally dedicated to the establishment of SDI can

then build. (GSDI, 2009)

The aim of this paper is to provide description of the surveying and mapping activities

undertaken for provision of reference layers of spatial information and site-specific spatial

infrastructure. The surveying and spatial science discipline staff within the Faculty

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of Built Environment and Engineering became involved in the SERF facility from 2007 (Webb,

2007). The main requests for spatial data emanated from the Institute of Sustainable Resources

(ISR) as the operators of the facility, and the QUT Facilities Management group as the provider

of assets development and provider of maintenance aspects of university facilities. The QUT

Facilities Management group (FM group) currently utilise an ARC- based Geographic

Information Systems (GIS) for all campuses and properties as their primary information

platform meeting their organisational data standards. The FM group implemented a

standardised approach for the SERF, whereby the spatial information layers developed by the

surveying and spatial science discipline became reference layers for others to build upon. The

ISR have created a basic file-share data repository for the many research focused users to

internally share resources and datasets, governed by ISR usage policy. These datasets are

diverse and include built environment, flora database, fauna database, hydrology, geology,

environmental monitoring, photographic database and aerial images.

Historical Background to the Land

The Camp Mountain land was purchased by the Marks family in 1877 and prior to that little, if

any farming had been done on the property. An underground dairy was dug into the side of the

hill near the Slab Hut, part of which remains today (edge of Queensland Heritage survey lease)

Dr Elizabeth Nesta Marks used the property as a country holiday house until 1982 when she

moved to the property permanently until shortly before her death in 2002. The current

property is about a quarter of what her grandparents, Dr Charles Ferdinand and

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Elizabeth Gray Marks had originally owned in 1887 which then was part of a much larger

holding of 457 acres. (Queensland University of Technology/SERF, 2008)

Dr Elizabeth Nesta Marks AO (1918-2002), known as Patricia, was an eminent Queensland

entomologist whose breakthrough work with mosquitoes and malaria in the1940’s and 1950’s

was world recognised. Dr Marks passed away in 2002 and under the provision of her will,

instructed the executors of her estate to identify a suitable beneficiary for this land who would

use the property for “ecological purposes”. (Dr Elizabeth Nesta Marks Memorial, Queensland

University of Technology /SERF, 2010b).

Historical Slab Hut

The Slab Hut (also known as Selectors Hut/Mark's Hut/Pioneer Hut) is located on a gentle ridge

on the southern end of the property. It has significant historical value because of its age and is

regarded as one of former Pine River Shire's oldest buildings. The Hut is a rare example of a

19th century selector's dwelling and illustrates an important phase of settlement that occurred

throughout the Queensland colony, starting in the 1860s. At that time, Crown land began to be

divided into allotments and made available for selection in line with a government policy to

encourage the growth of small scale farming. The Hut is small scale and simple in design.

Timber elements are set directly into the ground and the Hut is mostly clad with hardwood

timber slabs with the roof currently consisting of corrugated iron sheeting. Buildings of this

type are uncommon in south-east Queensland as they are very susceptible to weathering.

(Queensland University of Technology/SERF, 2009)

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Due to the inherent historic nature of the slab hut, it was listed on the Queensland Heritage

Register in December 2007. Cadastral Surveying on the property (lot 42) marking the Heritage

Survey boundary of the Slab Hut (refer survey plan of Lease A on SP208910 in lot 42 on S3149).

Lease A boundary covers the timber stockyards to the northwest of the hut and a hollow in the

slope to the north of the yard which signifies an earlier storage area. The storage pit and

stockyards are important evidence of farming activities associated with the changing uses of

the hut, the property and land use in Samford since circa 1870.

Samford Ecological Research Facility in Recent Years

Since the transfer of the property to QUT, a material change of use development application

has been approved by Pine Rivers Shire Council, now part of the amalgamated Moreton Bay

Regional Council, whereby the property zoning was changed from ‘Rural Residential’ to

‘Educational Purposes’, so facilitating QUT use of the site as an educational and/or research

facility (Chenoweth, 2010). In April 2008, the road frontage was re-surveyed and approximately

3metres along the entire eastern side (Upper Camp Mountain Road frontage) dedicated to new

road (3385 square metres). This survey action has generated a new registered plan description

as described by lots 1-4 on SP214119.

The SERF property promoted for use by students and researchers as a location to conduct

classes, field trips, workshops and research projects. Overall philosophy of the SERF property is

to (a) maintain and enhance the ecological values of the site through careful

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management of activities; and (b)preserve the site as an asset which enhances and protects

remnant biodiversity of the Samford Valley (Queensland University of Technology /SERF, 2009).

Currently (June 2010), a comprehensive draft Site-Based-Management-Plan (SBMP) has been

prepared by consultants Chenoweth Environmental Planning and Landscape Architecture. The

SBMP was borne out of the requirements to balance and resolve a number of priorities for the

SERF property that include maintaining the ecological integrity of the property, meeting

research and education demands, providing necessary infrastructure and addressing land

management issues (Chenoweth, 2010).

These identified priorities have the potential to conflict. For example, valuable research that

focuses on the management of weed infestations requiring the retention of the weeds for long-

term research, may conflict with the desire to maintain ecological integrity (Queensland

University of Technology /Institute for Sustainable Resources, 2007). This SBMP aims to

manage these conflicts such that ultimately natural assets of the property will not be degraded

and statutory obligations can be met. The objective of the SBMP is to…. guide decision making

with regard to research and educational use, operations, maintenance, land management and

capital improvements over the next ten years to promote the long term viability of the property

(Chenoweth, 2010).

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Development of Spatial Information Infrastructure

Surveying and spatial science discipline staff within the Faculty of Built Environment and

Engineering became involved in the SERF facility from 2007 (Webb, 2007). Key staff from civil

engineering, construction management and surveying became involved in stakeholder

meetings and on-site community information sessions with respect to future planning of the

ecological site currently surrounded by rural-residential land uses. Community engagement and

outreach provides researchers and students the opportunity to work with individuals, groups

and a variety of community organisations thus allowing local knowledge diffusion (Queensland

University of Technology/SERF Newsletter, 2008; 2010a). These key staff became actively

involved in these outreach programs demonstrating communication to the community on the

property progress and specifically raising the profile of surveying activities.

From late 2007, undergraduate and postgraduate students from QUT Spatial Science and

Surveying discipline embarked on a number of specific and interdisciplinary projects to develop

spatial information infrastructure with a semi-coordinated approach. Several field-surveying

learning practicals transitioned to this Samford site thus providing a semi-rural experiential

learning experience to the student and contributing to the spatial information layers under

development. A number of spatially related projects and activities have concluded, including

the following that the author has had direct involvement:

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• Close-range photogrammetric techniques to document and provide measurement

information of historical slab hut structure. (refer figure 1)

• Geodetic-level survey control network, including physical survey monument

infrastructure for various user groups.

• Ground Control Point survey network including precise bar-code levelling confirmation.

• Staff development activity with RTK-GPS surveying technology towards the physical

infrastructure comprising 100metre confluence point grid for multiple user groups.

• Engineering survey associated with detailed cross-sections of the water-course

structures- Samford Creek and on-property tributary.

• Assessment of development constraints associated with an “Eco-village” design.

• Research experimentation for ground-target monumentation/ visibility for digital

airborne sensors.

• Field surveys for water engineering and catchment analysis / flood modelling- southern

portion of lot 42.

Figure 1: Final-year student project involving close-range photogrammetry of the

historic Slab Hut.

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Other surveying staff members have been involved in the following projects:

• High resolution digital photography for aerial survey mapping purposes (production of

ortho- rectified base image). This project is additionally being utilised in teaching of the

unit Photogrammetric Mapping.

• Student centred Cadastral surveying techniques for rural cadastral evidence searching-

Upper Camp Mountain Road frontages and survey plan SP214119. This project was

conducted in 2009 with final year students undertaking the unit Cadastral Practice.

The author is currently involved in surveying/ spatially related projects at SERF, including:

• Student learning transition project for unit UDB384 Geodesy to Samford-SERF for GPS

survey re-observation and confirmation of the Ground Control Points survey network.

• Spatially referenced panoramic imagery project for terrain sampling in conjunction with

100metre confluence points.

• Development of a map product for wireless Internet signal-strength communications

over the property and adjacent public access areas.

Development of Survey Control Infrastructure

To support and encourage researchers to geographically coordinate their diverse research

endeavours, the QUT surveying discipline was requested to develop a number of reference

information layers that could assist users of the site. The identified priority was

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high-resolution aerial photography of the site before any major developments or

environmental changes occurred. Secondly and inter-related was the requirement to establish

a uniform coordinated survey network to a suitable standard to support provision of ground

control points for the high resolution digital aerial photos and additionally allow future land

survey and mapping projects (teaching orientation) to proceed.

Figure 2: Primary Survey Control Network diagram for SERF.

A multi-purpose and site-specific primary survey control network was designed considering the

real-world constraints imposed by the terrain characteristics. Four primary survey control

points were established and one existing standard brass plaque PSM comprised

the SERF geodetic control network as outlined in figure 2.

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Numerous site visits were conducted outside of normal university teaching activity to

reconnaissance existing PSMs, assess potential linkage to existing/surrounding survey

networks, and adopting a dominate GPS surveying methodology for introduction of primary

survey control infrastructure.

Primary Survey Control Monument Construction

Monumentation construction consisted of 1.6metre iron star-pickets driven to approximately

80millimetres below ground level/refusal and surrounded with in-situ concrete approximately

450mm deep and 350mm diameter, as depicted in Figure 3. No direct vehicle access was

available to two of the survey control monuments. The central top of the iron star-picket was

surrounded with 100mm plastic pipe. The star-picket monument was centre- punched with a

stamped aluminium identification plate securely attached to the concrete surrounds.

These concrete surrounds were painted white to increase contrast with the open grass fields-

green in summer months, brown in winter. A steel witness post, painted red and white, was

additionally installed to provide some protection against tractor slashing in open fields. One

particular challenge encountered was establishing a consistent primary control mark on the

eastern side of the property given the heavily vegetated terrain constraints. Resultant comprise

was the establishment of lower standard monument consisting a painted photo-control point in

the roadway median strip. However, this has created increased risk for students and staff

undertaking survey observations. Survey control diagrams and associated

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information was prepared and reported. Primary survey monument naming convention

consisted of the alpha-numeric descriptor: QUT999X, whereby X decreases from 9. This naming

convention allows for future additional survey monument infrastructure to be established.

Figure 3: Construction cross-section of Primary Survey Control Monuments

Coordination of Survey Network

This site-based survey infrastructure was connected to four surrounding Class C GPS observed

PSMs and one deep-driven level benchmark (Samford Central). Static and Fast-static

observations over 2 consecutive days was required to achieve the double/triple occupancy

requirement prescribed by Australian Standards and Practices for Control Surveys, known as

SP1 (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, SP1, Table 25, 2007). A

constrained least squares adjustment was performed through the Trimble

Geomatics Office software. Network stations with more than 6 hours of

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continuous data was additionally post-processed through the Geosciences Australia AUSPOS

online GPS positioning service, this providing independent comparative results (Geosciences

Australia, AUSPOS, 2009). The intermediate linkage results provided 2 SERF control points

(most northern and most southern) with conformance to Class A horizontal survey control

standard. However, this was downgraded to Class C standard due to connections to existing

PSMs status. Vector lengths ranged from 6.5 to 9.5 kilometres and only L1 fixed solutions

considered for the adjustment. Survey activities propagated to all remaining primary control

survey points using static/fast static techniques and three dimensional coordinate results

obtained from a successfully constrained least squares adjustment. Instrumentation utilized

consisted of Trimble branded dual-frequency, phase observable survey quality GPS units

including two by 4000 Site Surveyor SSI GPS instruments with micro-centred L1/L2 GPS

antennas fitted with ground plane and a Trimble branded dual- frequency 4800GPS model with

TSC1 data recorder. A Trimble R8 GNSS survey instrument with TSC2 data controller has been

utilised in most recent coordination surveys.

Final year students have recently undertaken some precise levelling linkages between the

Primary Control Survey network and selected photo-control ground points using precise bar-

coded levelling approaches. Results reported indicated borderline acceptance at the expected

error-level propagation over the distances traversed and general agreement with the previous

GPS coordination program for height differences of ground control points.

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Ortho-Photography Spatial Information Layer

Prior to the aerial imagery data capture, 14 additional Ground Control Point (GCP) were

established (with permissions) surrounding and internal to the SERF property including the

targeting of primary survey control monuments. Digital aerial survey image capture were

commissioned from a local commercial air survey provider with the initial data collection design

consisting of 3 runs of approximately 14 images each to obtain stereographic image coverage of

the identified target terrain. The raw image resolution more than achieved the 50millimetre

desirable Ground Sample Distance (GSD). This GSD factor was required for the design and

assembly of temporary ground targets and experimental configurations. An unexpected benefit

was that the few “enhanced” concrete surrounds of a standard brass plaque PSM made the

monument directly observable in the photogrammetric processing.

Two clients from QUT became interested in obtaining a seamless ortho-rectified high resolution

image of the SERF facility. Our original engagement was through the QUT Institute of

Sustainable Resources, however the QUT Facilities Management group (FM group) were also

developing fundamental spatial information layers in their ARC based geographic information

system.

Production of the ortho-photography base layer for these two clients was

achieved using the Leica Photogammetric Suite (LPS) software and ERDAS Imagine

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software through the QUT Mapping Sciences Laboratory. This Laboratory consists of ten “high-

end” computer workstations fitted with active stereovision capability with numerous stereo-

synchroniser active glasses, a medium format colour stereovision liquid-crystallised-display

projector and classroom scale active transmitter. A third so-called client group for the resulting

datasets has been the undergraduate spatial science students (Bachelor of Urban

Development) undertaking instructor-lead training with the LPS software as partial

requirements for the Photogrammetric Mapping unit. These datasets also provide a teaching

opportunity for assessment against the Australian Map and Spatial Horizontal Data Accuracy

Standard (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, 2009).

A negative aspect reported by the two primary clients of the resultant ortho-rectified image

layer was the large file-size. This initial file-size was considered by both primary clients as very

large and cumbersome to manage, distribute, disseminate through their data repository. A

modified product was produced such that the resultant GSD was approximately 210mm. Client

feedback was positive and considered to suit most user groups of the spatial information image

layer. Recently an enhanced map product with 1metre contours was provided to both client

groups. The 100meter confluence project assisted in verification of terrain sampling points,

especially useful in some heavily vegetated areas where limited natural surface/ground

observation could be directly made under stereoscopic viewing.

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100metre Confluence Point Spatial Infrastructure

During late 2008, a number of researchers from the Faculty of Science commenced medium

and longer term flora and fauna ecological studies on the SERF site. One particular challenge

encountered by the researchers was the resolution of the geographical location of their field

sampling points and lines. The researchers largely relied upon hand-held GPS coordinates in

latitude/longitude format. The ISR/SERF management group requested ground-placed

alignment monumentation to support key researchers from Science Faculty. Commenced in

early 2009, an initiative to establish spatial infrastructure in the form of 100metre confluence

point grid over the SERF property. The central aim was to establish a survey monument at the

even 100metre confluence points of the Map Grid of Australia coordinates over the property.

Researchers with minimal field-survey experiences only needed to check their relationship

relative to a few known 100metre grid points. This relationship checking was often achieved

with 50meter measuring tapes. Science researchers were also planning longitudinal flora and

fauna sampling profiles with observation sampling lines generally north-south and east-west.

The provision of coordinated 100metre monuments on the ground provided a consistent

approach in undertaking such sampling profile recordings with repeat re-sampling frequency

estimated two to five years.

Monuments used for the 100metre confluence points comprised a 1.8metre galvanized star

picket driven to remain approximately 1.2metres above ground. These galvanised

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pickets have a yellow safety cap hardwired into the top with an engraved aluminium tag

providing the control name identifier. These galvanized pickets were coordinated horizontally

and vertically with Trimble RTK-GPS control surveying techniques from selection of primary

survey control point infrastructure.

To date, a total of 42 survey points have been established. Of these completed points, 8 survey

points were established by traditional total station traverse techniques in heavily vegetated

areas where minimal GPS signals was experienced. Of the remaining 34 RTK-GPS determined

positions, 9 survey points could not be directly positioned on the confluence target location

due to coincidence within the trunk of large tree. Eccentric points were located at 5 or 10 metre

offsets on one easting or northing alignment. Resultant horizontal and vertical coordinate

accuracy agreed with the expected manufacturer accuracy statements. Only ambiguity fixed

solutions were recorded in fieldwork with RTK-GPS line lengths typical less than 1200 metres

(Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, SP1, Table 26, 2007).

Noteworthy to the final results obtained was the double radiation conformance method used

for this project. 15 percent of the confluence points had been independently occupied from

another GPS base station located on the primary control network for the purpose of providing

independent locational conformance both horizontally and vertically. Both horizontal and

vertical coordinate accuracy was again at the level of the manufacturer’s accuracy statement

for the instrument specification.

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Engaging Students in Real-World Learning

Third-year Civil and Environmental Engineers students in the Bachelor of Engineering and

Surveying students in the Bachelor of Urban Development have undertaken an innovative

project at the SERF property. The real-world learning project involved a hydrological

assessment based on a detailed catchment analysis leading to the design of a new culvert over

a tributary of Samford Creek. The project was formulated on the actual terrain characteristics

where the students have controlled access and existing geographical, land-use and ecological

datasets and relevant spatial information layers.

This engaging project formed 25% of the unit assessment for both Water Engineering

(engineers) and Cadastral & Land Management (surveyors). Professionals in each of these

disciplines commonly work collaboratively, knowing each other’s professional and technical

limitations and requirements. This project enabled students to develop skills across discipline

boundaries and was seed-funded by a QUT Small Teaching & Learning Grant in 2009, focusing

upon improving student motivation, learning experiences and curriculum design (Queensland

University of Technology, 2009). Academic staffs involved in this on-going project are Associate

Professor Les Dawes, Dr. Prasanna Egodawatta and Mr. Robert Webb, all from the QUT School

of Urban Development.

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The project included teams of students reviewing previously developed concept plans for a

residential subdivision layout and included engineering infrastructure (road and stormwater

drainage) layout. Some key deliverables of this collaborative learning project were detailed

design of stormwater drainage (culvert), investigate the suitability of the proposed land

development against hydrological and hydraulic scenarios and evaluate buffer zones provided

for flood protection.

Conclusions

This paper has achieved its central aim in providing a description of activities surrounding the

development of site-specific spatial information reference layers applicable to the QUT SERF

facility. This paper has focused on three site-specific projects, survey control infrastructure,

100meter confluence grid infrastructure and ortho-rectified spatial information layer. These

projects contribute towards the spatial data infrastructures under development for the SERF

property. These projects have been undertaken over a period of 3 years in short activity bursts

outside of university teaching semesters. With hindsight, an improved time management

approach would have consisted of a block of dedicated time and resourcing to achieve the

same outcomes in a shorter timeframe. However, with these foundation-level information

layers achieved, researchers and student learning experiences can be enhanced with usage of

survey and other datasets for multiple purposes.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the members of the technical support staff for their assistance

and cooperation over the past three years in the production of the spatial information layers.

The author specifically acknowledges Mr. Ian Pagan for his assistance and encouragement in

field survey operations, aerial-photography design and commissioning, ground- target

assembly and the many hours and days producing the high-resolution ortho-rectified image

products with LPS software. The author also thanks Mr. Graham Blair and Mr. Stephen Steggall

for their assistance with establishing the physical survey-infrastructure monuments, some GPS

fieldwork including RTK Confluence points and support for improving the surveying students’

experiences. The author acknowledges the School of Urban Development, Faculty of Built

Environment and Engineering at QUT, Brisbane, in the preparation of this paper and the

associated part-time research. However, the views expressed in this paper are those of the

author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the individuals or organisational groups

associated with the faculty or university.

References Chenoweth (2010) Draft Site Based Management Plan for the QUT Samford Ecological Research

Facility, Chenoweth Environmental Planning and Landscape Architecture. Unpublished report

(work in progress), commissioned by Institute for Sustainable Resources, QUT.

Geosciences Australia (2009) AUSPOS Online GPS Processing Service, available Internet,

http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/sgc/wwwgps/ (accessed March 2010)

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association (2009) Spatial Data infrastructures Cookbook-

2009, Available online, http://www.gsdi.org/gsdicookbookindex (accessed July 2010)

Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (2009) Australian Map and Spatial

Horizontal Data Accuracy Standard, Available online,

http://www.icsm.gov.au/icsm/topo/publications/ spatial_data_horizontal_accuracy.pdf

(accessed July 2010)

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Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (2007) Standards and Practices for

Control Surveys- Special Publication 1 (SP1), version 1.7. Available Online Internet

http://www.icsm.gov.au/icsm/publications/sp1/sp1v1-7.pdf (accessed July 2010)

Queensland University of Technology/Institute for Sustainable Resources (2007) Samford

Ecological Research Facility (SERF) – Weed Management Plan.

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Community Newsletter, Issue 1- April 2008. Online Internet

http://www.serf.qut.edu.au/about/newsletter/index.jsp (accessed June 2010)

Queensland University of Technology (2009) Curriculum Design Policy- Section C/4.2, Manual of

Policies and Procedures MOPP. Intranet http://www.mopp.qut.edu.au/C/C_04_02.jsp (accessed

June 2010)

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Overview: property and location characteristics, website, available online Internet

http://www.serf.qut.edu.au/about/overview.jsp (accessed June 2010)

Queensland University of Technology/ Samford Ecological Research Facility (2010a) SERF

Community Newsletter, Issue 5- May 2010. Online Internet

http://www.serf.qut.edu.au/about/newsletter/index.jsp (accessed June 2010)

Queensland University of Technology/ Samford Ecological Research Facility (2010b) Dr Elizabeth

(Patricia) Nesta Marks Memorial- website, available online Internet

http://www.serf.qut.edu.au/memorial/ (accessed July 2010).

Webb, Robert M. (2007) Spatial Science News from Urban Development: Industry Report August

2007. Spatial Science Magazine Australia, spring 2007. pp. 36-37. Available online Internet

http://eprints.qut.edu.au/10084/ (accessed June 2010)

Contact Information

Name

Robert Webb

Company/Institution

Qld University of Technology

School of Urban Development

Address

2 George St, GPO Box 2434,

Brisbane Qld 4001

Phone number

07 3138 2434

Fax number

N/A

Mobile number

N/A

Email

r.webb@qut.edu.au