developing a stormwater monitoring program for the future: volume 1 scientific framework november...

Developing a Stormwater Developing a Stormwater Monitoring ProgramMonitoring Program

for the Future:for the Future:Volume 1Volume 1

Scientific FrameworkScientific FrameworkNovember 10, 2009November 10, 2009

Jim SimmondsJim Simmonds

The Stormwater Work GroupThe Stormwater Work Group

November 10, 2009November 10, 2009 22

What is the Right Title of this Talk?What is the Right Title of this Talk?

A Monitoring Program for the FutureA Monitoring Program for the Future Can’t We All Just Get AlongCan’t We All Just Get Along Stormwater Work Group Status UpdateStormwater Work Group Status Update Change You Can Believe InChange You Can Believe In Overview of the Scientific Framework and Overview of the Scientific Framework and

Issues Remaining to be ResolvedIssues Remaining to be Resolved This is Not Your Grandparents’ Monitoring This is Not Your Grandparents’ Monitoring

ProgramProgram


OverviewOverview What/Who is the Stormwater Work What/Who is the Stormwater Work

GroupGroup Why do we exist?Why do we exist?

What have we done this last year?What have we done this last year?

What is in the Scientific Framework What is in the Scientific Framework and what is not?and what is not?

Next StepsNext Steps


Stormwater Work GroupStormwater Work Group

One of 3-5 initial topical work groups likely One of 3-5 initial topical work groups likely to be included in the new regional programto be included in the new regional program Test-driving a decision-making processTest-driving a decision-making process

All work groups to be coordinated by All work groups to be coordinated by Puget Sound PartnershipPuget Sound Partnership

A caucus-based committee with broad A caucus-based committee with broad representationrepresentation


Our ChargeOur Charge

By summer 2010 develop a regional By summer 2010 develop a regional coordinated stormwater monitoring and coordinated stormwater monitoring and assessment strategy including:assessment strategy including: A scientific framework for monitoring A scientific framework for monitoring

stormwater impacts and management stormwater impacts and management effectivenesseffectiveness

An implementation plan describing roles and An implementation plan describing roles and responsibilities, including possible NPDES responsibilities, including possible NPDES permit requirementspermit requirements


Local governmentsLocal governments Private businessesPrivate businesses Environmental groupsEnvironmental groups State agenciesState agencies Federal agenciesFederal agencies TribesTribes AgricultureAgriculture PortsPorts

Stormwater Work Group CaucusesStormwater Work Group Caucuses


Work Group ScheduleWork Group Schedule June-Sept ’08 – Launch committeeJune-Sept ’08 – Launch committee Oct ’08 to April ’09 – Scope problemOct ’08 to April ’09 – Scope problem May ’09 – 1May ’09 – 1stst public workshop public workshop June-Oct ’09 – Design scientific frameworkJune-Oct ’09 – Design scientific framework Nov ’09 – 2Nov ’09 – 2ndnd public workshop public workshop (we are here)(we are here) Nov ‘09 to April ’10 – Develop implementation planNov ‘09 to April ’10 – Develop implementation plan May ’10 – 3May ’10 – 3rdrd public workshop public workshop June ’10 – Deliver strategy to Puget Sound June ’10 – Deliver strategy to Puget Sound

Partnership and Department of EcologyPartnership and Department of Ecology

June - Oct

2008 - 2010 Work Plan

2009 May Nov May June

We are We are herehere

First Regional Workshop: Early Ideas

Second Regional Workshop: Scientific Framework & Implementation

Work Group Develops Draft Scientific Framework

Convene Work Group

2008Oct

Stormwater Work Group ScheduleStormwater Work Group Schedule

Final Strategy

Delivered to Puget Sound Partnership

and Department of Ecology

ThirdRegional Workshop: Implementa-tion Plan

Work Group Completes Scientific Framework and Develops Draft Implementation Plan

2010Dec - April


The Current SituationThe Current Situation Disparate stormwaterDisparate stormwater

monitoring programsmonitoring programs Poor coordinationPoor coordination Not extensible to locationsNot extensible to locations

without monitoringwithout monitoring Very expensiveVery expensive Monitoring decisions made in a closed processMonitoring decisions made in a closed process Not designed to provide most needed Not designed to provide most needed

informationinformation


A New Approach is NeededA New Approach is Needed Should we keep doing Should we keep doing

more of same kind of more of same kind of monitoring even if monitoring even if we’re not getting the we’re not getting the information we need information we need or if new solutions are or if new solutions are obvious?obvious?


The Science We WantThe Science We Want

Holistic monitoring strategyHolistic monitoring strategy Focused on priority information needsFocused on priority information needs Monitoring programs are well designedMonitoring programs are well designed Integrated with other monitoring effortsIntegrated with other monitoring efforts Consistent protocols and data Consistent protocols and data

managementmanagement Analyzed information is credibleAnalyzed information is credible


The Governance We WantThe Governance We Want

Coordinated among all entitiesCoordinated among all entities Stakeholders are engaged, on boardStakeholders are engaged, on board Transparent and open governanceTransparent and open governance Leverages capacity and uses limited Leverages capacity and uses limited

resources more wiselyresources more wisely Results in better decisions and Results in better decisions and

management actionsmanagement actions


Who Will Use the Strategy?Who Will Use the Strategy? Ecology, for next round NPDES Ecology, for next round NPDES

stormwater permitsstormwater permits Puget Sound Partnership, monitoring Puget Sound Partnership, monitoring

for ecosystem recoveryfor ecosystem recovery State and federal agenciesState and federal agencies Local governmentsLocal governments OthersOthers


Winter/Spring 2009:Winter/Spring 2009:

Key Information NeedsKey Information Needs What do we need to know to What do we need to know to

inform our decision making, inform our decision making, and to verify things are and to verify things are getting better?getting better?

Brainstorming and Brainstorming and prioritization by committeeprioritization by committee

Technical expert work Technical expert work sessionssessions

Public workshop in MayPublic workshop in May Technical expert 2-day Technical expert 2-day

“sprint” workshop“sprint” workshop


Three Summary QuestionsThree Summary Questions

What are the long-term status and trends What are the long-term status and trends of beneficial uses that are impacted by of beneficial uses that are impacted by stormwater?stormwater?

How effective are various stormwater How effective are various stormwater management actions at reducing management actions at reducing stormwater impacts?stormwater impacts?

Where are the sources of stormwater Where are the sources of stormwater causing the impacts to beneficial uses?causing the impacts to beneficial uses?


Summer/Fall 2009:Summer/Fall 2009:

Draft Scientific FrameworkDraft Scientific Framework Hire technical experts to draft documentHire technical experts to draft document

Derek Booth, monitoring objectivesDerek Booth, monitoring objectives John Lenth, experimental designJohn Lenth, experimental design Leska Fore, communication and processLeska Fore, communication and process

Review scientific frameworks for programs Review scientific frameworks for programs from elsewhere in the countryfrom elsewhere in the country

Develop and prioritize hypothesesDevelop and prioritize hypotheses Develop draft experimental designsDevelop draft experimental designs


Project ManagementProject Management

We kept to our scheduleWe kept to our schedule We stayed within our We stayed within our

budgetbudget We squeezed in as much We squeezed in as much

content as possible, but content as possible, but wanted morewanted more

We didn’t do as much We didn’t do as much review as we wantedreview as we wanted


Scientific FrameworkScientific Framework

Provide the most importantProvide the most importantinformation to decision makersinformation to decision makers

Adaptive managementAdaptive management Includes multiple scalesIncludes multiple scales Highest priority monitoring proposed firstHighest priority monitoring proposed first Hypothesis driven approachHypothesis driven approach 3 main categories of monitoring3 main categories of monitoring

Status and TrendsStatus and Trends EffectivenessEffectiveness Source IdentificationSource Identification


Stressors

Direct effects on receiving waters:

• channel modifications• riparian clearing• water withdrawal• addition of alien taxa

Indirect effects on receiving waters:

• changing land use• appropriation of water• stormwater runoff• pollutant generation

All driven by humanpopulation growth andresource consumption

Biological responses

Biotic interactions

Biotic interactions

Water qualityand toxicity

Water qualityand toxicity

Land conversion: “the driver”

Altered waterresource features

Biological or human health

endpoint

Habitat structureHabitat

structure

Flow regimeFlow

regime

Energy sourceEnergy source


Agricultural Residential Commercial Industrial

Marine toxics accumulation

in food chain toxics accumulation

in food chain

Nearshore shellfish growing

areas contact recreation

shellfish growing areas

toxics accumulation in food chain

contact recreation


contact recreation



contact recreation

Small streams

benthic invertebrates

acute toxicity contact recreation physical habitat eutrophication


acute toxicity contact recreation physical habitat eutrophication flooding


acute toxicity physical habitat flooding


acute toxicity physical habitat

Rivers benthic

invertebrates

Lakes


contact recreation eutrophication



contact recreation eutrophication drinking water

Groundwater drinking water drinking water drinking water drinking water

Wetlands physical habitat physical habitat physical habitat physical habitat

Major Stormwater ImpactsMajor Stormwater Impacts


Status and TrendsStatus and Trends Focus on small streams and nearshoreFocus on small streams and nearshore Biologically-basedBiologically-based Long-term trends over timeLong-term trends over time Estimate fraction of resource not meeting Estimate fraction of resource not meeting

beneficial usesbeneficial uses All of Puget Sound basinAll of Puget Sound basin Probabilistic designProbabilistic design Can be sampled atCan be sampled at

higher density inhigher density insubareas (e.g., WRIA)subareas (e.g., WRIA)


Example Example Probabilistic Probabilistic Sampling Sampling Design for Design for Small Small StreamsStreams


Proposed Experimental Design: Proposed Experimental Design: Small StreamsSmall Streams

Similar to program implemented Similar to program implemented by Ecology this past summerby Ecology this past summer

20 permanent sites, 90 rotating 20 permanent sites, 90 rotating sites (30 per year)sites (30 per year) Continuous flowContinuous flow Annual benthic macroinvertebrates, Annual benthic macroinvertebrates,

sediment chemistry, physical habitatsediment chemistry, physical habitat Baseflow and wet-weather water Baseflow and wet-weather water

qualityquality Twice-yearly wet-weather Twice-yearly wet-weather in-situin-situ

toxicity testingtoxicity testing


Proposed Experimental Design: Proposed Experimental Design: Nearshore Nearshore

Number of sites not proposedNumber of sites not proposed Monthly monitoring for bacteria in waterMonthly monitoring for bacteria in water Annual monitoring forAnnual monitoring for

Marine benthosMarine benthos Tissue chemistry of mussels, herring, and English Tissue chemistry of mussels, herring, and English

sole liverssole livers Liver lesions in English Liver lesions in English

solesole Sediment chemistrySediment chemistry Physical habitatPhysical habitat


Proposed Experimental Design: Proposed Experimental Design: EffectivenessEffectiveness

Three basic designsThree basic designs Upstream / downstream comparisonUpstream / downstream comparison Before / after comparisonBefore / after comparison Test site / control site comparisonTest site / control site comparison

Hypotheses developed forHypotheses developed for Low impact development techniques Low impact development techniques

for future new developmentfor future new development Retrofit techniques for existing developmentRetrofit techniques for existing development Non-structural operational and programmatic Non-structural operational and programmatic

approachesapproaches Focus on low impact development and Focus on low impact development and

industrial source control effectivenessindustrial source control effectiveness


Proposed Experimental Design: Proposed Experimental Design: LID EffectivenessLID Effectiveness

Six small-scale residential Six small-scale residential low-impact development low-impact development projectsprojects

Outfall stations, Outfall stations, background stations, background stations, downstream stationsdownstream stations

3 years3 years Continuous weather, flow, and Continuous weather, flow, and

groundwater elevationgroundwater elevation Monthly water qualityMonthly water quality Six per year groundwater qualitySix per year groundwater quality Storm event water qualityStorm event water quality Annual benthic macroinvertebrate and sediment qualityAnnual benthic macroinvertebrate and sediment quality Twice-yearly wet-weather Twice-yearly wet-weather in-situin-situ toxicity testing toxicity testing


Proposed Experimental Design: Proposed Experimental Design: Industrial Source Control EffectivenessIndustrial Source Control Effectiveness

Two outfalls per Two outfalls per facilityfacility

One test basin, one One test basin, one control basincontrol basin

Water quality Water quality monitoring during monitoring during baseflow and storm baseflow and storm eventsevents

3 years3 years


Proposed Experimental Design: Proposed Experimental Design: Source IdentificationSource Identification

Local scaleLocal scale Track sources of chemical or volume that is impacting beneficial usesTrack sources of chemical or volume that is impacting beneficial uses

Detailed monitoring upstream of impacts to identify sourcesDetailed monitoring upstream of impacts to identify sources Mapping of connected impervious areaMapping of connected impervious area On-site septic system inspectionsOn-site septic system inspections Business inspectionsBusiness inspections Illicit discharge programsIllicit discharge programs Other programsOther programs


Summary of Proposed MonitoringSummary of Proposed MonitoringStatus and Trends Effectiveness Source ID

Marine

Nearshore

Probabilistic survey design (resident fish, forage fish, shellfish, bacteria, sediment, toxics)

Fecal coliform bacteria Industrial (toxics)

Smallstreams

Probabilistic survey design (salmon, invertebrates, toxics)

Low impact development (hydrology, biota, water quality)

Urban retrofits (pollutants, toxics, water quantity)

Industrial source control (pollutants)

Public education (pollutants)

Street sweeping (pollutants)

Altered flows Impervious surface

(hydrology) Industrial (toxics) Vehicle miles as surrogate

(pollutants)

Rivers

Lakes

Groundwater

Wetlands


Additional Science NeedsAdditional Science Needs

Data managementData management Standard operating Standard operating

proceduresprocedures Land use/land cover Land use/land cover

datadata Climate dataClimate data ModelingModeling


CaveatCaveat We are not done!We are not done! We are looking for feedback!We are looking for feedback! Specific questions highlighted in “Dear Specific questions highlighted in “Dear

Reader” text boxesReader” text boxes Is the approach scientifically defensible?Is the approach scientifically defensible? Are the three monitoring categories appropriate?Are the three monitoring categories appropriate? Are the hypotheses addressing the highest priority Are the hypotheses addressing the highest priority

information needs?information needs? Have we captured the major stormwater impacts?Have we captured the major stormwater impacts? Will the experimental designs provide the information Will the experimental designs provide the information

needed?needed? Are additional experimental designs needed?Are additional experimental designs needed?


Scientific Peer ReviewScientific Peer Review

Rich Horner, University of WashingtonRich Horner, University of Washington Bob Pitt, University of AlabamaBob Pitt, University of Alabama Jean Spooner, North Carolina State Jean Spooner, North Carolina State

UniversityUniversity Tom Schueler, Chesapeake Stormwater Tom Schueler, Chesapeake Stormwater

NetworkNetwork Steve Weisberg, Southern California Steve Weisberg, Southern California

Coastal Water Research ProjectCoastal Water Research Project


Finishing the Scientific FrameworkFinishing the Scientific Framework

Comments due by November 30Comments due by November 30 Submit initial comments todaySubmit initial comments today Submit comments to Karen Dinicola, Submit comments to Karen Dinicola,

project manager, at project manager, at [email protected]

Scientific peer review completed Scientific peer review completed by November 30by November 30

Final scientific framework in early Final scientific framework in early 20102010


Schedule for Schedule for Volume 2: Implementation PlanVolume 2: Implementation Plan

Start work on this TODAYStart work on this TODAY Draft report planned for April, 2010Draft report planned for April, 2010 Workshop #3 in May, 2010Workshop #3 in May, 2010 Final implementation plan report by June Final implementation plan report by June

30, 201030, 2010


Ideas to Explore/IncludeIdeas to Explore/Include

Management structure for monitoringManagement structure for monitoring Relationship between monitoring and policyRelationship between monitoring and policy Roles and responsibilities for monitoringRoles and responsibilities for monitoring Relationship to and role of NPDES permitsRelationship to and role of NPDES permits Cost estimatesCost estimates Funding approachFunding approach Integration and synthesis of resultsIntegration and synthesis of results Methods for selecting, funding, and overseeing Methods for selecting, funding, and overseeing

effectiveness and source identification studieseffectiveness and source identification studies Additional science needsAdditional science needs


Key Issues to PonderKey Issues to Ponder

Economic conditionsEconomic conditions Leveraging existing capabilitiesLeveraging existing capabilities Public and political supportPublic and political support Relationship between municipal and Relationship between municipal and

industrial permits, and need for watershed industrial permits, and need for watershed approachapproach

Overcoming fear of data due to possible Overcoming fear of data due to possible future requirementsfuture requirements

Maintaining and expanding cooperationMaintaining and expanding cooperation

June - Oct

2008 - 2010 Work Plan

2009 May Nov May June

We are We are herehere

First Regional Workshop: Early Ideas

Second Regional Workshop: Scientific Framework & Implementation

Work Group Develops Draft Scientific Framework

Convene Work Group

2008Oct

Stormwater Work Group ScheduleStormwater Work Group Schedule

Final Strategy

Delivered to Puget Sound Partnership

and Department of Ecology

ThirdRegional Workshop: Implementa-tion Plan

Work Group Completes Scientific Framework and Develops Draft Implementation Plan

2010Dec - April

developing a stormwater monitoring program for the future: volume 1 scientific framework november...

Documents