devan sunum
TRANSCRIPT
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DEVAN CHEMICALS
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Devan Chemicals NV 2008 - Rev: 07/01/09
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Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation / Comfort
Micro EncapsulationTHERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
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The Devan Group
PROTECTING and MODIFYING
TEXTILE SURFACES
creating new and innovative properties and functionality
taking into consideration
SUSTAINABILITY
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Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro EncapsulationTHERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
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Phase Change
Phases of a product:Solid
Liquid
Gas
Example Water:
Ice
Water
Steam
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Phase Change
The point at which a substance changes state Occurs at a constant temperature
There is an exchange of energy:
Ice Water: Melting Energy absorbedOccurs at constant temp of 0C
Water Ice: Solidifying Energy released
Occurs at constant temp of 0C
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Mechanism of Phase Change
Solid PCM Liquid PCM
Energy release
Change of phase at constant temperature
Energy absorption
Heating effect
Cooling effect
Absorb Energy from Solid to Liquid melting (Cooling Effect)Release Energy from Liquid to Solid solidification (Heating Effect)
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Phase Change: Energy Buffer
Energy Added (J)
Temperature
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Solidifying
Melting
Condensation
Evaporation
Phase Change
Energy absorption or release withouttemperature change
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Energy Buffer
Water in liquid phase above 0C and below 100C
Each 1C rise in temperature requires an energy input of 4 J/g
Water at a phase change temperature
Ice Water: requires heat input of 334 J/g at 0C (32F)Water Ice: releases heat 334 J/g at 0C (32F)
More than 80 times more energy is needed to change phase than for raising thetemperature by 1C outside the phase change
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Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro EncapsulationTHERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
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Body & Skin Temperature
Average core body temperature: 37C (98.6F)+2C (+4F): fever-2C (-4F): hypothermia
Average skin temperature: 32C ( 90F)
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Comfort ZoneComfort Zone: Microclimate between the skin and the fabric that is
perceived as most comfortable
28-30C (82F 86F) (R.A. Scott, Textiles for protection, 2005)
Time
Temperature
Comfort Zone
Microclimate
30 C 86F
28 C 82F
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Warming up...
Heat produced by body > Heat absorbed by garmentTemperature microclimate increases
Time
Temperature
30 C 86F
28 C 82F
Comfort Zone
Microclimate
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Extending Time Comfort Zone
Extend time in the comfort zone (28 - 30C)
Need of a system that releases or absorbs heat at a constant temperature of 28C
Phase Change MaterialsHave the capacity to absorb, store and emit heat energy without altering the temperature
Phase change needs to happens in comfort zone (28 30C)
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Phase Change Materials
Vegetable oils (wider phase change temperature)
Perfect for textile applications next to the skin
PCM Melting point (C) Thermal storage capacity(J/g)
Hexadecane 18.5 237
Octadecane 28.2 244
Vegetable oil 30 230Nonadecane 32.1 222
Eicosane 36.1 247
Heneicosane 40.5 213
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Phase Change Materials
Vegetable Oil vs Octadecane
Environmentally friendly (biodegradable)Renewable sustainable alternative to petroleum
Provides an assurance of continuous supplyHigher thermal effectVegetable oil PCMs, don't fluctuate as often as petroleum -basedPCMs
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Active Thermal Insulation
Standard garment thermal insulation - PassivePCM thermal regulation - Active
Temperature variation in microclimate is determined by:
Body HeatChange in environment
The presence of PCM will buffer such fluctuationsin temperature
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Warming upHeat produced by body > Heat absorbed by garment
PCM absorbs the excess heat by meltingPCM extends time in comfort zone
Time
Temperature
Comfort Zone
Microclimate with PCMMicroclimate without PCM
Energy Buffer
30 C 86F
28 C 82F
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Cooling downHeat retained by garment < Heat lost by body
PCM releases heat while staying at a constant temperature during phasechange from liquid to solidExtends time in comfort zone
Time
Temperature
Comfort Zone
Energy Buffer
Microclimate with PCMMicroclimate without PCM
30 C 86F
28 C 82F
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Energy Buffer
The bigger the Energy Buffer:
The longer in the comfort zoneThe higher the thermoregulation effect
Energy buffer is dependent on:
Quantity of PCM materialType of PCM material
Energy buffer is being quantified by J/g
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Dynamic ConditionsBody movements increase temperature (working, jogging, cycling, etc);
body temperature falls during restChange in environment temperature (moving from outside to in side and
vice versa)
Time
Temperature
Comfort Zone
Microclimate with PCMMicroclimate without PCM
30 C 86F
28 C 82F
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Thermoregulation & Perspiration
If body temperature exceeds 37.5C (98.6F) the body needs to cooldownBlood vessels under the skin dilateBody produces perspiration
Cooling through evaporation
PCM absorbs the heat from the bodyMicroclimate stays in the comfort zone for longer periods of timeDelays the onset of temperature rise to 37.5C (98.6F)
Less cooling needed for the body
Less perspirationCool sensation
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DEVAN CHEMICALS 25
Thermoregulation & Sleeping
Our temperature in bed determines how well we sleep.
Uncomfortable temperatures induces movement
Interrupted sleep patterns
Discomfort
Tiredness
Insomnia
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Conclusions Thermoregulation & Comfort
PCM results in thermoregulationAbsorbs HeatStores HeatReleases Heat
Thermoregulation is quantified in J/g
PCM keeps the microclimate temperature close to the body longer in thecomfort zone
PCM eliminates temp peaks next to the body
Thermoregulation in textilesEnhances thermal comfortReduces transpirationEnhances quality of sleep
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DEVAN CHEMICALS 27
Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro Encapsulation
THERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
TM
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PCM technologies
For application on textiles the PCM needs to be contained in a capsule
The PCM capsule can be applied to the fibre in three ways: PCM microcapsules melt spun inside the fibre PCM microcapsules bound to the fibre with a binder
PCM reactive microcapsules THERMIC
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Size: 1-30m
Type of Capsule:Capsules break to release their contents (fragrances)Capsules do not break and keep their content (PCM)
What is Micro Encapsulation?
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AdvantageHigh wash durability
DisadvantageOnly applicable in man-made fibre (mainly viscose & acrylic)
Need to blend with other fibresLower performanceExpensive
PCM extruded in fibre
Source: Outlast
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AdvantageEasy application
Disadvantages
Reduces breathabilityAffects the handLow durability to washingThe binder increases microclimate temperature
PCM included in coatings and binders
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DEVAN CHEMICALS 32
Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro Encapsulation
THERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
TMTM
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THERMIC
Microcapsules with functional reactive groups on the shell surface
Patent number: PCT/IB2006/050605
Without the use of binders the capsules can react with:
Cellulosic (Cotton, Viscosz,)Synthetic (PES, PA,)Protein (Wool)
Application can be through conventional textile processing
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Wash durability 50 washes
Use on both synthetic and natural fibres
Greater heat capacity for the same loading of PCM
No binder to absorb heat
Fabric characteristics are maintained
Handle unaffected
Breathability unaffected
Not visible to the naked eyeEasy application
THERMICAdvantages
TMTM
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THERMIC
Two size options available:
Diameter: 1- 5
Thermal capacity: 144 J/g
Up to 50 Washes
Diameter: 20- 30
Thermal capacity: 191 J/g
Up to 10 Washes
THERMIC G THERMIC P
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THERMIC Binding System Cellulose
Covalent boundAddition or nucleophilic substition promoted solely by the pH of thesolution normally alkaline, or resorting to initiatiors in case of an additionradical reactionJust as with reactive dyes, THERMIC has reactive groups that can reactwith the anion groups of ionized cellulose
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R
R
R
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Unwashed 50 washes 40C
Wash Durability on Cotton
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis
Covalent reaction system
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THERMIC Binding System PES
Less reactive groups available (only the terminal ones)
Linkage between the reactive microcapsules and the fiber occurs mainlyby a strong physical adsorption/absorption phenomena
Physical Van der Walls interactions takes place between the polyesterand the electronegative atoms.
The catalyst helps the kinetic behavior of the interactions between thereactive microcapsules and the PES fibres, in function of the pHpresented in the medium.
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Wash Durability PES
Unwashed 50 washes, 40C
Strong physical forces
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis
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Thermographic testSamples on a hot plate (40C).
THERMICUntreated
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Thermographic testSamples on a cool plate (10C).
THERMIC Untreated
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Thermographic testT-Shirt
THERMIC Untreated
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Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro Encapsulation
THERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
TM
Applications
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ApplicationsBedding
Mattress InterlinesMattress TickingMattress ProtectorsQuilts & Duvets
ApparelUnderwearHosierySocksSportswearShirtsLiningsWork wearFleeceJacketsHatsGloves
FootwearShoesBoots
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Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro Encapsulation
THERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
TM
ProcessingTM
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Classic application processesPadding, Drying 140 C (284 F) 30secExhaustionSpraying
Package of productsMicrocapsules (P & G)CatalystSoftenerChoice of Reactive System
Cellulosic (Cotton, viscose,...)Synthetic (Polyester, polyamide,...)Protein (wool)
Processing
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METTLER TOLEDO DSC822eNitrogen flow: 80mL/min
DSC Test Conditions:
Temperature range: 0 50CHeating rate: 5C / min
Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)
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Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)
Thermoanalytical equipment that measures the thermaltransitions that might occur in a material when it is subjected toa heating or cooling process, at a constant, pre-determinated,velocity.
When the PCMs are subjected to a heating process theamount of energy breaks existing chemical links betweenmolecules and its phase change temperature is achieved.
This amount of energy absorbed (or released) is measured interms of its enthalpy value (J/g) in the peak of the obtainedthermogram given by the DSC.
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Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)
Thermal capacity of fabrics Integral of curve shows J/g of treated fabric which translates to
thermal effect
The larger thevalue, thegreater the effect
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Positioning of capsules on surface of fibreLinkage microcapsules-fibers
Capsule morphology size and shape
Mechanical strength intact capsules, none ruptured
Demonstrates durability to washing
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
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Required Performance for Thermic Labelling
Apparel : heat capacity of min . 3J/gr
Bedding linen : heat capacity of min . 2J/gr
Mattress ticking : heat capacity of min . 15 J/gr
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DEVAN CHEMICALS54
Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro Encapsulation
THERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
TM
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Marketing Support
TM
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Thermoregulation in Textiles
Devan Chemicals
Phase Change
Thermoregulation & Comfort
Micro Encapsulation
THERMIC PCM Technology
Applications
Processing & Quality Control
Marketing Support
Conclusions
TM
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Conclusions
PCM have the capacity to absorb, store and release heat energy
PCM controls the microclimate temperature keeping the body in the comfort zone for longer
Thermoregulation in textiles:
Enhances thermal comfort
Reduces perspiration
Enhance quality of sleep
THERMIC Reactive PCM Micro Capsules
No affect on fabric properties
Have a high wash durability
Greater thermal capacityMarketing support
Technical support
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