determining maximal oxygen consumption...

Running Header: Determining Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) MariaCristina De Rose 0756618

Determining Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max)

Exercise Physiology Lab 1 Kin 3010

Name: Mariacristina De Rose

Student #: 0756618

Due: September 26th 2013

Due To: Greg Eskedjian

Determining Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) MariaCristina De Rose 0756618

Abstract

To investigate energy output by the human body oxygen consumption (VO2) can be

calculated to group populations and categorize them into health classes. VO2 is an excellent

indicator of health; when one has a greater VO2 it is assumed that they are at lower risk of injury

and disease (Goran, 1992). Also, VO2 is measured to see the body’s ability to efficiently use,

transport, and consume oxygen at the cellular level which relates to the cells ability to make

energy. By using leg ergometers and working to a maximal heart rate, intensity, exhaustion,

VO2max can then be found and later subjects and be classified on their scores. VO2 is found by

constantly increasing the power output (PO) causing the subject to continuously increase their

workload; this is done until they reach the maximum whereby they cannot continue and at that

time the test in finished. During this protocol the subject reached a VO2 peak of 49.1kg/min

which when compared is above average when classified. Therefore having high VO2 is

beneficial can has both fitness and health related implications, exercise / being put under stress

will be easy for the body to cope with and lower risk of disease when older, respectively. We

conclude the following: (1) having higher VO2max is beneficial no matter what population or age

group the subjects is within (2)VO2max has an important role in predicting energy production; and

(3) physical activity healthy can increase VO2max

Introduction

Oxygen consumption (VO2) by definition is the ability to take in, transport and utilize

oxygen (Katch 2011). The oxygen within the air moves thought the body from the lungs,

through the blood to skeletal muscles so that the rate of energy production is done at an optimal

rate. Energy is produced as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). VO2 is a great indicator of both

fitness and health. A health indicator meaning ability to perform task of daily living and fitness

indicator meaning ability to exercise or the ability to push the human body to higher working

intensities then that of just daily living. When testing VO2 for a health propose, the protocol will

differ due to the fact that testing is done to ensure that the subject is able to follow through with

normal daily functions without excess stress on the body its’ systems. When testing VO2 for an

exercise or fitness purpose the subject is then being tested to see not only that the systems can

take-in, transport and use O2 but that the body is efficient and that the body is using as little

energy as possible while continuing to work at a maximum work load. Testing of VO2max can


also be related to rate of recovery. The VO2max testing is usually done on healthy individuals and

elite athletes.

VO2max is present and can be found by partaking in a maximal protocol. VO2max exists

due to the fact that there is a maximal amount that our bodies can use and take in oxygen.

Humans are not able to breath in 100% oxygen and therefore do not have 100% oxygen in their

blood binds to heme proteins; in turn not having a 100% exchange rate at the cellular level. The

idea of VO2max understands that there is a threshold that is reached when the body is put under

high intensities or stress. At the cellular level when ATP production is being counteracted by the

byproducts such as lactate the body will become fatigued moreover, decreasing production of

ATP.

VO2 can be measured various ways and at various exercise intensities. Submaximal VO2

tests such as the, mCAFT, 12 minute treadmill walk test, etc are great ways to determine VO2

without driving the subjects to a maximum work load. If performing the treadmill test the

calculation used for submaximal VO2 is VO2max = 15.1 + (21.8 x speed) – (0.327 x HR) –

(0.263 x speed x age) + (0.00504 x HR x age) + (5.98 x gender). Assuming that appropriate

values are entered for the variables will allow one to find VO2max while performing a submaximal

text (CPAFLA). Maximal tests can also be carried out to determine ones VO2. Maximal tests

are carried out in a way that the subject is pushed to their limits turn reach their maximum VO2,

maximum heart rate, as well as exhaustion. The beep test is an example of an indirect VO2max

test, meaning that inspired and expired air is not directly being analyzed. Direct VO2max is a

much more accurate measure as gas exchange is directly analyzed by technology thought the

metabolic cart, more specifically MOXUS Metabolic Cart and On-line System. There are a series

of components that compose the metabolic cart that make it able to examine the data and make-

up of the inspired and expired air. Treadmill and ergometer tests are both reliable test that can be

used to in a VO2 intervention. When using the ergometer test the calculation would be

VO2 =VE x (FIO2-FEO2) where VE is ventilation per minute, FIO2, FEO2 are the fractions of air

inspired and expired, respectively.

Higher VO2max correlates with a higher fitness level. Also having a higher VO2max would

assume that the body and its systems are more efficient at up taking, transferring and utilizing

oxygen and furthermore producing ATP.

Material and Methods

MOXUS Metabolic Cart and On-line System is the main tool used to aid in the collection

of data during the testing of VO2max. A leg ergometer is used as the method to perform test on.

The head piece as a whole is made up of a mouth piece, spit cylinder, two 2-way valves, the head


piece that rest on the subjects head and is used to analyze inspired and expired air. The nose

piece is essential as it ensures all air flow is to and from the mouth and no air is gained or lost

through the nose. Heart rate is measured by a monitor that is worn by the subject and transmitted

onto a watch which is read and recorded.

The participant of this lab was a healthy male aged 21 with an average height and weight.

The subject self-classified as being an active/trained individual which would suggest a VO2max of

60mL/kg. This test is done to a maximum workload where by the subject will work until they

cannot continue to exercise. The workload will continue to increase over a series of stages that

last for 2 minutes each. Increasing workload increases VO2max. There is a limit to how much O2

can be consumed in turn there is an upper limit to how much ATP can be made within the

muscle. The max is VO2max.

To ensure validity, reproducibility and accuracy protocol must be followed.

Prior to testing

Height, weight age and sex must be known prior to the test in order to determine the

estimated VO2max of the subject. See table 1 (although valves are recorded MariaCristina

and not the subject who underwent the protocol).

o Estimated Vo2max based on fitness level

o Calculated maximum Power Output based on estimated vo2

Watts= VO2max -0.435

0.01141

o Decided 5 stages, each lasting 2 minutes, would be adequate to test for VO2max

o Calculated resistance that was placed on fly-wheel for each stage (note; weight of

the pan accounted for 0.5kg)

o Calculated expected VO2max at each of the stages to ensure for smooth flow during

the protocol. Have estimated VO2max allows testers to be ready if any last minute

changes need to be made as well as following along with the data being collected

on the metabolic cart.

Ensure that the leg ergometer is adjusted to a comfortable position for the subject

During testing

Be as precise as possible when following the protocol while understanding that minor

adjustments can be made while trying to achieve VO2 max.

Ensure that the subject is being monitored by the testers each having a different roll

o Recorder of heart rate

o Monitor of metabolic cart

o Adjusting power outputs


o Encouragement of subject

Warrant that a constant pace is being maintained (between 80 -90 rpm)

After the end of each stage:

o Calculated heart rate

o Increase power output

o Confirm that the subject is doing well and is able to continue

o Encourage the subject to perform at the best of their ability

o

The protocol is finished when the subject can; not complete the stage, RPM drop below 80rpm,

the subject has physiological signs of dizziness, nausea, chest pain, ect, heart rate max is reached,

blood lactate is ≥10mM/L, exhaustion.

Results

Throughout, the data we notice the simple linear trends when looking at both table 1 and

2. As we increase the PO, VO2 will increase as well since the muscles require more oxygen as

workload increase. The relationship between HR vs PO, and ventilation vs PO also positivity

increases in the same manner as VO2 vs PO. Physiological, as we add stress to the body

(workload) there is going to be a responds to the stimuli; one feedback responds is the need for

more oxygen at the muscles and at the cellular level in order to produce ATP in order to continue

working. When more energy needs to be made, one of the byproducts of the citric acid cycle

(TCA) is CO2. This CO2 must be removed from the system somehow, and is done through

ventilation rate (VE). When CO2 increases minute ventilation also increases, compensating for

the influx of CO2 being produced at muscle level. The CO2 is then remove from the muscle and

enters the blood stream whereby it is removed by the lungs through breathing (VE). The blood

must be bumped to the lungs in order for gas exchange to occur; this is done by the heart

contracting pushing blood towards the lungs. On the heme protein within the blood, O2 is

exchanged for CO2 during exhalations. Since VE is increase and the demand to remove CO2 for

O2 is requires at a faster rate, the heart then must also pump at a faster rate to help the muscles

maintain equilibrium. The relationship between these concepts is closely connected and can be

said to be the utilization (O2 - CO2 exchange), transportation (HR) and consumption of oxygen

(VE), which is the definition of VO2. For this reason we see that as work load increases so do all

the other responds, heart rate, ventilation, and oxygen consumption.


Summary Table 1 : My Predicted VO2max protocol

Estimated VO2 (mL/kg) = Recreational individuals 50 mL/kg

Body Weight = 74kg

Estimated VO2 max (L/min): VO2 =50 mL/kg x1000mL÷74kg = 3.7L/min

Estimated max wattage (W) = VO2L/min-0.435 3.7L-0.435 = 286.15W

0.01141 0.01141

Stage Time (min) RPM Weight on bike

(kg) PO(Watts)

Predicted

VO2(L/min)

1 0-2 80 1.25 100 1.572

2 2-4 80 1.6 128 1.895

3 4-6 80 2.0 160 2.261

4 6-8 80 2.4 192 2.626

5 8-10- 80 2.8 224 2.991

6 10-12 80 3.2 256 3.356

7 12-14 80 3.6 288 3.72

Summary Table 2 :Results of VO2max test

Name: Jason Carter Age: 21 Sex: Male Height: 173.5cm Weight: 77.3kg

Total time of 9min 30sec where max was reached at the 9 minute mark

Stage Time (min)

RPM Weight

on bike (kg)

PO (Watts)

VO2

(mL/kg/min)

VO2

(L/min) VCO2

(L/min) RER VE

(L/min) HR

(BPM)

1 0-2 80 1.9 152 28.2 2.175 2.522 1.16 62.17 146

2 2-4 80 2.3 184 32.4 2.499 2.767 1.11 63.66 159

3 4-6 80 2.7 216 39.9 3.073 3.652 1.19 94.59 170

4 6-8 80 3.0 240 45.3 3.491 4.473 1.28 155.97 180

5 8-10 80 3.3 264 49.1 3.790 4.529 1.2 167.6 181


Figure 1. VO2 vs PO over 5 2minute stages. VO2 is determined from cycle ergometer and air is measured

by the metabolic cart whereby inspired and expired portions are analyzed (VCO2 & VO2). Initial VO2 of

28.2ml/kg/min reaching a VO2 peak of 49.1ml/kg/min in a linear fashion.

Figure 2. Heart rate (HR) vs PO over 5, 2 minute stages. HR measured by a monitor read 146 bpm in the

initial stage. HR rose in a linear pattern as PO increases and reached a maximum of 181bpm. See table 2

for full values.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Oxy

gen

co

nsu

mp

tio

n

Power output

Figure 1 VO2 vs. PO

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Hea

rtR

ate

(BP

M)

Power Output (Watts)

Figure 2 HR vs. PO


Discussion

1. Table 2 indicates the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2) was 49.1 mL/kg/min which

increased continuously throughout the full test. VE increased as well with VE max being

4.529L/min by the end of the protocol responds to PO increasing. The maximum PO was

264 watts and the maximum HR was 181 BPM. During this protocol we observed a VO2

peak, meaning that the subjects VO2 never plateaued. There was no plateau to be observed

since the subject was unable to continue working at a high intensity for the full duration of

the 5th stage. Although there was not plateau the test was still conclude due to the following

reasons; 80 RPM was not maintained whereby subject was not working at maximum

workload, HR was not increase. This is shown on table 2 where in stage 4 HR was 180 and

by stage 5 HR only increased 1 beat, and finally the subject and reached exhaustion.

2. Calcutating HR at a workload of 60% for the subject requires knowing the VO2max.

49.1mL/kg/min (VO2max) is multiplied by 60% and gives us the wanted value. 49.1 x 0.60=

29.46mL/kg/min. Knowing that 29.46mL/kg/min is 60% of VO2max an estimation can then

be made by referencing VO2 with PO on figure 2 to find the PO at this intensity. When

working at 29.46mL/kg/min PO is approximately 155 W. Cross referencing figure 2 HR vs.

VO2 shows that when working at 155W the subjects HR would be roughly about 150 BMP.

In order to set up the ergometer to have the subject working at 60% of VO2max, using the

equation for estimated max wattage (table 1) can aid with the determination for this

value. First off relative VO2 (29.46mL/kg/min) must be converted into absolute VO2.

The absolute VO2 at 60% is 2.277 L/min. This Value is then plugged into the calculation

and the product is 161.5 W that the subject would be out putting. This translates to

approximately 2kg of resistance (1.5kg on the pan since pan is 0.5kg)

3. As stated above the subject reached a VO2 peak of 49.1 mL/kg/min. When comparing this

data to other males in the age category 18-25 the subject has a VO2 that is considered to be

above average (YMCA, University of Simon Fraser)

4. First and foremost the relationship between workload and vo2 is a linear relation (Andersen,

1995). As workload increase so will oxygen consumption. Performing a VO2max test on a

bike or a treadmill does not make a significant difference because workload is still being

increase as the stages increase, therefore VO2 will also be increasing. The difference

between the two protocols is that there is more muscle recruitment during the treadmill test

(upper limbs and lower limbs are both working) whereas the bike test only muscles of the

lower extremities are being recruited. When more muscles are being recruited more chance

for ATP to be produced in those working muscles.


5. Heart Rate increase as workload increase. The relationship is considered to be positively

proportional. When referring to table 2 in every stage the HR increased just as power output

did. Figure 2 visually shows the relation graphically. Although the results match the

expected trend possible sources of error could be that the subject was pedaling at 90BPM in

the earlier stages since the workload is lower cause the heart rate to be high from the start.

6. Individuals in which VO2max is not recommended to performance are those who are;

elderly, experience pain with exercise, those who doctors have stated not maximal exercise,

those with an injury, those with cardiac or pulmonary disorder, and those who have

completed the PAR-Q + have indicated they may have risk factors for.

7. I found the journal titled A maximal cycle exercise protocol to predict maximal oxygen

uptake, from the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports by Andersen to be

the most relate able to Lab #1 because of many reasons. First of the sample was youth 15-

28, and student in KIN 3010 are between that age range. Secondly, the VO2 vs PO is

demonstrated nicely. Lastly, the article examines the difference between the two modality;

treadmill vs ergometer. Its stated that both modes of testing VO2 are both accurate and show

the same relationship between VO2 and PO.

References

Andersen, L. B. (1995). A maximal cycle exercise protocol to predict maximal oxygen uptake.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 5(3), 143-146. Retrieved from

http://search.proquest.com/docview/77574487?accountid=11233

Chase, J. D., & Conn, V. S. (2013). Meta-analysis of fitness outcomes from motivational

physical activity interventions. Nursing Research, 62(5), 294-304.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3182a0395c

Djarova, T., Bardarev, D., Boyanov, D., Kaneva, R., & Atanasov, P. (2013). Performance

enhancing genetic variants, oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood pressure and body mass index

of elite high altitude mountaineers. Acta Physiologica Hungarica, 100(3), 289-301.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/APhysiol.100.2013.3.5


Goran, M. I., & Poehlman, E. T. (1992). Total energy expenditure and energy requirements in

healthy elderly persons. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 41(7), 744-753. Retrieved

from http://search.proquest.com/docview/73045389?accountid=11233

Goran, M. I., Nagy, T. R., Gower, B. A., Mazariegos, M., Solomons, N., Hood, V., & Johnson,

R. (1998). Influence of sex, seasonality, ethnicity, and geographic location on the

components of total energy expenditure in young children: Implications for energy

requirements. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(3), 675-682. Retrieved from


Katch, V. L., McArdle, W. D., Katch F. I. (2011). Essentials of Exercise Physiology. Baltimore,

MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

YMCA. Bicycle Ergometer Protocols (Anaerobic & Aerobic). University of Simon Fraser.

Retrieved from: http://www.sfu.ca/~leyland/Kin343%20Files/Bike%20Lab.pdf

Appendices

Calculations for discussion question 2

Find VO2 in L/min:

29.46mL/kg/min x 77.3kg ÷ 1000ml = 2.277 L/min

Estimated workload needed at 60% VO2max:

VO2L/min-0.435 = 2.277L/min-0.435 = 161.5W

0.01141 0.01141

Resistance on fly wheel:

Watts = Kg(on rope) x RMP

Kg = Watts = 161.5 ≈ 2 kg on the pan

RMP 80


http://www.sfu.ca/~leyland/Kin343%20Files/Bike%20Lab.pdf


Raw data

Time

(min)

Freq

(br/min)

Vt

(ml)

Ve

(l/min)

Ti

(sec)

Ttot

(sec)

Ti/Ttot

Vt/Ti

(l/sec)

MixO2

(%)

MixCO2

(%)

PetCO2

(torr)

VO2

(ml/min)

VCO2

(ml/min)

00:15 22 1972 42.74 1.45 2.77 0.52 1.36 16.5 4.65 7.26 1495 1634

00:30 22 1874 40.88 1.41 2.75 0.51 1.33 16.21 4.83 7.26 1541 1624

00:45 24 1982 47.78 1.18 2.49 0.47 1.68 16.23 4.88 7.26 1785 1917

01:00 22 2154 46.43 1.37 2.78 0.49 1.57 16.04 5.05 7.26 1814 1928

01:15 24 2213 52.56 1.26 2.53 0.5 1.76 16.05 5.02 7.26 2050 2170

01:30 19 2675 50.95 1.81 3.15 0.57 1.48 15.75 5.36 7.26 2109 2251

01:45 19 2695 51.53 1.88 3.14 0.6 1.43 15.95 5.22 7.26 2039 2214

02:00 26 2396 62.17 1.12 2.31 0.49 2.13 16.44 4.93 7.26 2175 2522

02:15 24 2359 56.55 1.18 2.5 0.47 1.99 16.26 5.07 7.26 2071 2360

02:30 21 2695 57.18 1.4 2.83 0.49 1.93 15.98 5.25 7.26 2243 2475

02:45 22 2612 58.72 1.46 2.67 0.55 1.79 15.91 5.32 7.26 2337 2577

03:00 28 2429 68.74 1.01 2.12 0.48 2.4 16.39 5 7.26 2435 2830

03:15 27 2538 69.48 1.06 2.19 0.48 2.4 16.47 4.95 7.26 2412 2830

03:30 27 2618 71.63 1.12 2.19 0.51 2.33 16.27 5.12 7.26 2609 3020

03:45 25 2579 64.19 1.34 2.41 0.56 1.92 16.27 5.01 7.26 2355 2645

04:00 23 2730 63.66 1.21 2.57 0.47 2.26 15.97 5.28 7.26 2499 2767

04:15 26 2787 73.47 1.1 2.28 0.49 2.52 16.24 5.07 7.26 2705 3068

04:30 26 2912 74.32 1.22 2.35 0.52 2.39 16.36 4.98 7.26 2662 3045

04:45 27 2723 74.59 1.07 2.19 0.49 2.55 16.36 5.01 7.26 2663 3076

05:00 25 3039 77.2 1.26 2.36 0.53 2.41 16.36 5.05 7.26 2750 3208

05:15 31 2844 87.28 1.05 1.96 0.54 2.7 16.7 4.79 7.26 2840 3435

05:30 30 2986 89.29 1.08 2.01 0.54 2.77 16.73 4.79 7.26 2880 3519

05:45 30 2912 86.49 1.07 2.02 0.53 2.71 16.66 4.75 7.26 2863 3379

06:00 30 3112 94.56 1.05 1.97 0.53 2.95 16.73 4.7 7.26 3073 3652

06:15 33 3158 105.12 0.97 1.8 0.54 3.27 17.01 4.49 7.26 3152 3873

06:30 33 3187 105.49 1 1.81 0.55 3.19 17 4.49 7.26 3169 3890

06:45 36 3198 113.71 0.9 1.69 0.54 3.54 17.21 4.31 7.26 3210 4017

07:00 40 3144 126.44 0.8 1.49 0.54 3.92 17.44 4.06 7.26 3330 4207

07:15 42 3159 131.26 0.85 1.44 0.59 3.72 17.64 3.94 7.26 3207 4235

07:30 43 3228 139.83 0.75 1.38 0.54 4.31 17.74 3.79 7.26 3312 4335

07:45 43 3463 148.35 0.85 1.4 0.61 4.07 17.81 3.69 7.26 3452 4468

08:00 46 3367 155.97 0.69 1.3 0.53 4.9 17.92 3.52 7.26 3491 4473

08:15 53 2964 157.01 0.62 1.13 0.55 4.76 17.88 3.48 7.26 3600 4448

08:30 54 2817 152 0.65 1.11 0.58 4.36 17.8 3.58 7.26 3584 4437

08:45 56 2906 162.75 0.58 1.07 0.54 5 18.02 3.27 7.26 3565 4323

09:00 56 2968 167.6 0.65 1.06 0.61 4.58 17.94 3.32 7.26 3790 4529

09:15 53 3167 167.11 0.72 1.14 0.63 4.41 18.14 3.16 7.26 3497 4291

09:30 51 2868 144.92 0.65 1.19 0.54 4.43 18.18 3.2 7.26 2956 3775


Raw data

Time

(min)

RER VeqO2

(l/ml)

VeqCO2

(l/ml)

VO2/KG

(ml/kg)

fiO2

(ml/min)

VO2/BSA

(ml/m2)

VCO2/BSA

(ml/m2)

VE/BSA

(l/m2)

User1

User2

fiCO2

(ml/min)

User4

00:15 1.09 28.6 26.2 19.4 20.74 782.8 855.94 22.39 10.2 2.2 0.11 0.8

00:30 1.05 26.5 25.2 20 20.74 806.9 850.53 21.41 9 -0.67 0.11 0.67

00:45 1.07 26.8 24.9 23.2 20.74 935 1004.27 25.02 9.33 2 0.11 0.83

01:00 1.06 25.6 24.1 23.5 20.74 949.9 1009.69 24.32 9.4 1.2 0.11 0.6

01:15 1.06 25.6 24.2 26.6 20.74 1073.9 1136.76 27.53 7.83 0.5 0.11 0.83

01:30 1.07 24.2 22.6 27.3 20.74 1104.5 1179.07 26.69 7.8 -0.4 0.11 0.8

01:45 1.09 25.3 23.3 26.4 20.74 1067.9 1159.6 26.99 9.6 0.8 0.11 0.4

02:00 1.16 28.6 24.6 28.2 20.74 1139.1 1320.97 32.56 10.33 0.5 0.11 0.5

02:15 1.14 27.3 24 26.9 20.74 1084.5 1236.27 29.62 9.83 -0.17 0.11 0.67

02:30 1.1 25.5 23.1 29.1 20.74 1174.8 1296.1 29.95 9.6 0.2 0.11 0.6

02:45 1.1 25.1 22.8 30.3 20.74 1224.2 1349.54 30.76 11 0 0.11 0.33

03:00 1.16 28.2 24.3 31.6 20.74 1275.3 1482.38 36 8.71 -1.86 0.11 0.71

03:15 1.17 28.8 24.5 31.3 20.74 1263.3 1482.28 36.39 9.29 0.43 0.11 0.29

03:30 1.16 27.5 23.7 33.8 20.74 1366.7 1581.44 37.52 8.67 -0.67 0.11 0.83

03:45 1.12 27.3 24.3 30.5 20.74 1233.6 1385.04 33.62 10.71 1.29 0.11 0.57

04:00 1.11 25.5 23 32.4 20.74 1308.9 1449.35 33.34 6.83 0 0.11 0.67

04:15 1.13 27.2 23.9 35.1 20.74 1416.8 1606.81 38.48 8.83 0.83 0.11 0.33

04:30 1.14 27.9 24.4 34.5 20.74 1394.5 1594.74 38.93 9.43 0.71 0.11 0.57

04:45 1.15 28 24.3 34.5 20.74 1394.8 1610.82 39.07 10 1.5 0.11 0

05:00 1.17 28.1 24.1 35.7 20.74 1440.1 1680.14 40.44 9.14 0 0.11 0.71

05:15 1.21 30.7 25.4 36.8 20.74 1487.7 1799.27 45.71 9.5 0.75 0.11 0.63

05:30 1.22 31 25.4 37.4 20.74 1508.4 1842.91 46.77 9.43 0 0.11 0.57

05:45 1.18 30.2 25.6 37.1 20.74 1499.6 1769.76 45.3 8.57 0.86 0.11 0.57

06:00 1.19 30.8 25.9 39.9 20.74 1609.5 1912.94 49.53 7.88 0.25 0.11 0.75

06:15 1.23 33.4 27.1 40.9 20.74 1650.7 2028.3 55.06 9.63 -0.13 0.11 0.5

06:30 1.23 33.3 27.1 41.1 20.74 1659.9 2037.54 55.25 11 0.78 0.11 1

06:45 1.25 35.4 28.3 41.6 20.74 1681.1 2104.12 59.55 9.89 -0.56 0.11 0.44

07:00 1.26 38 30.1 43.2 20.74 1744 2203.53 66.22 9.3 0.8 0.11 0.5

07:15 1.32 40.9 31 41.6 20.74 1679.8 2218.27 68.75 8.8 0 0.11 0.7

07:30 1.31 42.2 32.3 43 20.74 1734.7 2270.44 73.24 10 0.18 0.11 0.64

07:45 1.29 43 33.2 44.8 20.74 1807.9 2340.14 77.7 9 1.82 0.11 0.82

08:00 1.28 44.7 34.9 45.3 20.74 1828.6 2342.66 81.69 10.09 0 0.11 0.45

08:15 1.24 43.6 35.3 46.7 20.74 1885.2 2329.58 82.23 8.64 -0.86 0.11 0.93

08:30 1.24 42.4 34.3 46.5 20.74 1877.2 2324.08 79.61 9.77 0.46 0.11 0.69

08:45 1.21 45.7 37.6 46.2 20.74 1867.1 2264.2 85.24 9 0.21 0.11 0.57

09:00 1.2 44.2 37 49.1 20.74 1984.8 2372.15 87.78 9.29 0.71 0.11 0.71

09:15 1.23 47.8 38.9 45.3 20.74 1831.3 2247.34 87.52 10.38 0.77 0.11 0.54

09:30 1.28 49 38.4 38.3 20.74 1548.4 1976.89 75.9 9.6 0.4 0.11 0.8

determining maximal oxygen consumption...

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