determiners and quantifiers part 1.pptx

8/11/2019 Determiners and Quantifiers Part 1.pptx

1/54

DETERMINERS AND

QUANTIFIERSBY: DANIEL BADEL; ANDRS MOSQUERAAND JUAN NICOLAS SANCHEZ


2/54

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. What are determiners?

2. Some and any; something, somebody, etc.

3. Much (of), many (of), a lot of, lots (of) etc.

4. All (of), the whole (of), both (of).

4. Each (of) every and all.

5. No, none (of), and not any

6. Few, a few (of), Little, a liffle (of), etc.

7. Quantifiers with and without of.


3/54

Determiners

Articles

a, an, the

Demonstratives

this, that, etc.

Possessives

my, your, etc.

Quantifiers

Some, any, all,most, many,

much, a few, alittle, etc

Distributives

each, every,both, either,

neither, another,other

Interrogatives

what, which, etc


4/54

Some and any

We use some inpositivesentences:

We use anyin negativesentences:

Some Any

Some and any are used with plural and uncountable nounswhen we talk about limited, but indefinite or unknown numbersor amounts of things.


5/54

I made somemistakes in theexam

I didnt makeanymistakes inthe exam


6/54

We also use any with words such as barely, hardly,never, rarely, seldom; deny, fail, forbid, refuse,

prohibit; impossible, unlikely (they have a negativemeaning).

She rarelygives anygood

advice

Are you going to

work on theproject today?

Of course not!This is Friday. Ineverdo anyhomework on

Fridays.


7/54

any andsome in questions

In most questions we use any: Is there anyice in the fridge? Do you need anyhelp?

We normally use some (notany) when weoffer things or when we ask for things inorder to sound positive, expecting Yes asan answer:

A: Would you like somecoffee?

B: Yes, please.A: Can you lend me some money?

B: Sure. How much do you need?


8/54

Some other examples

(Questions)

Hasnt there been somediscussion about theproposal? (= I think/expectthere has)

Didnt John's parents give

him some money?

(= I think/expect they did)

Has there been anydiscussion about theproposal yet?

Did John's parents givehim any money?

Some (Expecting the answer

Yes)Any (open yes-no question)


9/54

Some and any with singular countable

nouns

Some and any can also be used to talk about a particularperson or thing without mentioning them specifically. In thiscase they are stressed:

There must be someway I can contact Jo. (There mustbe a way, but I dont know it.)

Isnt there any book here that will give me the

information I want? (= There must be a book like this,but I cant find out what/where it is.)

I was asked a really difficult question by somestudent inclass two.


10/54

SOME DETAILS


11/54

Can you tell the difference?

Anyof thestudents cananswer thequestion.

Someof thestudents can

answer the question


12/54

With i fwe normally use any

If you haveanyproblems,let me know.

Ok, thankyou.


13/54

Anyquestionsshould be sentto the manager

=if there are anyquestions


14/54

Someone/anyone ( or somebody/anybody):

I thought I heard someone knocking at the door.

Is there anyone at home?

Something/anything Somewhere/anywhere

Their use similar to someand any

They need a singular verb: If anybody calls, tell themIm not at home. (not If

anybody call...)


15/54

M u c h ( o f ) , m a n y ( o f ) , a l o t

o f , l o t s ( o f ) , e t c .

Much (of) andmany (of) are usedto talk about

quantities andamounts.

Much (of) is usedwith uncountablenouns and

many (of) with pluralnouns

Manypeople (= pluralnoun) eat too much

meat (= uncountablenoun).


16/54

Much of can alsobe used with asingular countable

noun to mean alarge part of:

Much of the city wasdestroyed by thebombs.


17/54

We can use muchand many without anoun if the meaning

is clear:


18/54

Much (of) and many (of) are mainlyused...

...in negativesentences toemphasize that we

are talking aboutsmall (or smallerthan expected)quantities or

amounts.

Not many of myfriends knew I wasgetting married.

He didn't showmuch interest inwhat I said.


19/54

...in questions to askabout quantities oramounts.

How manyquestions could youanswer?


20/54

In affirmative sentenceswe often use a lot of,lots of, or plenty of to

talk about largeamounts and quantities,particularly inconversation and

informal writing. Usingmuch (of) often soundsa little formal, and many(of) is often very formal

or inappropriate:


21/54

Lots of her students went on to becometeachers. ('Many of is a little more formal)

We had plenty of hotels to choose from,('many hotels' is more formal)

I've given the problem a lot of thought,('much thought' is very formal)

John offered me a lot of money for thecar. {not much money)


22/54

However, in formalcontexts, such asacademic writing,

much (of) andmany (of) are oftenpreferred, orphrases such as agreat deal of or alarge

amount/number of:


23/54

Much debate has been generated byThornton's controversial paper.

A great deal of the exhibition was devoted tohis recent work, (or Much of...)

A large amount of the food was inedible, (orMuch of...)


24/54

In formal contexts wecan also use muchand many aspronouns:

Much remains to bedone before the drugcan be used withhumans.

Many (= manypeople) have arguedthat she is the finestpoet of our

generation.


25/54

Notice that inboth formal and

informalcontexts we canuse much and

many inaffirmativesentences after

as, so, and too:

I'd say there

were twice as

many women atthe meeting asmen.

She gave meso much

spaghetti, I

couldn't eat it


26/54


27/54

But we canuse much and

many at theend ofaffirmative

sentencesafter as, so,

and too:

Do you want someof the pudding?

I've got too much.


28/54

We often use plentyof instead of a lot ofor lots of. However,

plenty of means'enough, or morethan enough' and istherefore not likely

in certain contexts.

We took lots of foodand drink on ourwalk through the

hills,(or ...plenty of...)

Jim doesn't look

well. He's lost a lotof weight,.

('plenty of is unlikelyhere)


29/54

Notice that we don't use plentywithout of before a following

noun:

We've got plenty of time left.(not We've got plenty time left.)


30/54


31/54

Each, every and all

We can use each and every with singularcountable nounsto mean all things or people in agroup.

They often have a similar meaning:

Each (or every) ticket costs35.Singularverb


32/54

You can say each of(the.../these.../themetc.):

Each of the ticketscosts35.

Read each of th ese

sentences carefully.

Each of the books isa different color.

You can say every one of (but not every of):

Iveread every one of

those books. (every ofthose books)

Iveread every one of

them.


33/54

For 2 things we can only use each (notevery):

He was carrying a suitcase in

eachhand.


34/54

Eachcan be used in the middle ofa sentence:

The soldiers eachreceivea medal. (= Each

soldier receivesa medal.

The students wereeachgiven a book. (=

Eachstudent wasgiven a book.)


35/54

Each can also be used at the end of asentence:

These pineapples cost1.50 each. (= each of

these pineapples costs 1.50)


36/54

We use they, their and them to refer back tophrases such as each soldier, every candidate

etc. which do not indicate a specific gender (male

or female):

Every cand idate said that theythought the

interview was too long.

Each woman complained that they (or she)

had been unfairly treated.


37/54


38/54


39/54

Eachartist seesthings differently.

Everyartist issensitive.


40/54

We use every:

Regular repeated events such as:

The festival is held every Augus tin Budapest.

I leave the house every morningat 6 am.


41/54

Every and all

They often have a similar meaning:

When we to talk about time, their meaning is usuallydifferent:

John stayed all weekend. (=the whole of theweekend)

John stayed every weekend when he was atuniversity. (=without exception)

Every student in the class passedthe exam.

All the studentsin the classpassed the exam.

Every country has a national flag. All countries have national flags.


42/54

It rained every daylast week.

It rained all dayyesterday.

N o n o n e ( o f ) a n d n o t a


43/54

N o , n o n e ( o f ) , a n d n o t an y

no + noun She had no shoeson.

No information

was given abouthow the study wasconducted.

There's no trainuntil tomorrow.


44/54

none + 'no noun Have we got any

more sugar?

There's none in the

kitchen.

'How manychildren have yougot?'

'None.'


45/54

We use no or none (of) instead of not a ornot any to emphasize the negative idea in asentence.

Compare:There isn't a key forthis door.

or

There's no key for this door, (moreemphatic)

She didn't give meany help at all.

or

She gave me no help at all

Sorry, there isn't anyleft.

or

Sorry, there's none left

She didn't have anyof the typicalsymptoms of cholera.

or

She had none of the typicalsymptoms of cholera.


46/54

Notice that we can'tuse not any in initialposition in a clause

or sentence:

No force was

needed to makethem move,

(not Not any force wasneeded...)

None of thechildren was/wereawake,

(not Not any of thechildren...)


47/54

We often prefer noand none of ratherthan not any or ...n'tany in formal writtenEnglish

In a formal or literarystyle we can use nota in initial position in aclause or sentence(notice the word orderhere;

Not a word would

she say about therobbery.

Not a sound camefrom the classroom.


48/54


49/54

But sometimes wecan use either asingular or plural

noun with littledifference inmeaning:

No answer (or

answers) could befound.

We want to go tothe island butthere's no boat (orthere are no boats)to take us.


50/54

When we use noneof with a plural nounthe verb can be eithersingular or plural,although the singularform is usually moreformal:

However, when we

use none with anuncountable noun theverb must be singular.

None of the parcelshave arrived yet.

(or ...has arrived...)

None of the

homework has beendone.


51/54

If we want to give special emphasis to noor none of we can use phrases like noamount of with uncountable nouns and

not one (of) with singular countablenouns:


52/54

She was so seriously ill that no amount of

expensive treatment could cure her.

It was clear that no amount of negotiation

would bring the employers and workers closer together.

Not one member of the History department

attended the meeting. Not one of the hundreds of families affected

by the noise wants to move.


53/54

PRACTICE

Complete these sentences in the most

appropriate way using no + noun, none of + the

+ noun, or none + 'no noun'.

-When their teacher stood on his chair,____________could understand what was happening.(children)

-The Democrats won a few seats in the south of thecountry, but___________ in the north. (-)

- Do I really have to go and stay with Aunt Agatha?''Yes I'm sorr but there is


54/54

determiners and quantifiers part 1.pptx

Documents