detection of transboundary animal diseases using participatory disease surveillance in plateau...
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Ndahi, M.D., Kwaghe, A.V., Usman, J.G., Anzaku, S., Bulus, A. and Angbashimat, J. at the PENAPH First Technical Workshop, Chiangmai, Thailand, 11 – 13 December 2012.TRANSCRIPT
DETECTION OF TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES
USING PARTICIPATORY DISEASE SURVEILLANCE IN
PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Mwapu Dika NDAHI, Ayi Vandi Kwaghe, Joy Gararawa Usman,
Samuel Anzaku, Alim Bulus, Jude Angbashim.
PENAPH Technical Workshop,
Chiang Mai, Thailand
11th – 13th December, 2012
Outline
� Introduction
� Objectives
� Methodology
� Results and Discussion
� What went well and why?
� What did not and why?
� Conclusion
Introduction
� Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) are
epidemic diseases which are highly contagious and have the potential for very rapid spread, irrespective of national borders.
These diseases cause a high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animal populations causing serious socio-economic and possibly public health consequences.
Their economic importance is a major constraint in
international trade.
Objectives
� To determine the presence or absence of TADs using PE methods in Plateau State
� To improve the detection & reporting of TADs in Nigeria using PDS.
Methodology
� The study was conducted in 35 villages from six local government areas in the Northern senatorial zone of the state
� PDS Team – 3vets and 1 animal health worker
� Pre-advocacy visits were conducted
� All age groups of farmers and women were interviewed for more viable results.
Methodology cont’d
� The following tools were used
(a) Check list
(b) Scoring and Ranking
(c) Visualization
Data Analysis
� Data was analyzed as indicated in “A Manual for Participatory Disease Surveillance Practitioners: Introduction to participatory epidemiology and its application to highly pathogenic avian influenza participatory disease surveillance”.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig I: Livestock species and ranking based on population in 35 villages in Plateau state
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Poultry Sheepand goats
Dogs Pigs Cattle Cats
Simple ranking
Simple ranking
Table 1: Poultry diseases and their local names in 35 villages of Plateau state
Diseases/ Infestation Local names in Hausa
language
Newcastle Disease (ND) Farin kasha, Farin zawo, Zawo, Ro chowo (Berom language)
Fowl pox Kuraje
Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD)
Tari, Mura
Lousiness Kwarkwata
Coccidiosis Kashin jinni
Fig II: Diseases of poultry and ranking using PP in 35 villages of Plateau state
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Newcastledisease(ND)
Fowl pox CRD Lousiness Coccidiosis
Ranking using PP
Ranking using PP
Table 2: Diseases of Sheep and goats and their local names in 35 villages of Plateau state
Diseases/ Infestaion Local names in Hausa/Fulani
languages*
Peste de Petit Ruminant (PPR)
Zawo, Mura, Zawo da majina, Atini,
Faciolosis Hanta, Masassaku
Helminthosis Tsutsan ciki
Foot rot Ciwon Kafa
Mange Makenkero
CCPP Mura, Tari
Trypanosomosis Samore*
Streptothricosis Kirchi
Ectoparasitism Kaska, Kwarkwata
Fig III: Ranking of diseases of sheep and goats in 35 villages of Plateau state
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Ranking usin PP, Matrix scoring
Ranking usin PP, Matrixscoring
Table 3: Diseases/Infestation of cattle and local names in 35 villages of Plateau state
Diseases/ Infestation Local names in Hausa/Fulani
languages*
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
Mboru *
Faciolosis Ciwon hanta, Masassaku
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
Huhu
Helminthosis Zawo
Dermatophylosis Kirchi
Trypanosomosis Samore*
Lumpy skin disease Mbolo *
Ectoparasitism (tick infestation)
Kaska
Fig IV: Diseases of cattle and ranking in 35 villages of Plateau state
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Ranking using PP, Matrix scoring and DIMS
Ranking using PP, Matrixscoring and DIMS
Table 4: Diseases of pigs and their local names in 35 villages of Plateau state
Diseases Local names in Hausa language
Helminthosis Ampul, Tsusan chiki
Lousiness Kwarkwata
African Swine Fever (ASF)
Zazzabi/ciwon aladu
Cysticercosis _
Mange _
Diamond skin disease _
Fig V: Diseases of pigs and ranking in 35 villages of Plateau state
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ranking using PP, Matrix scoring, DIMS
Ranking using PP, Matrixscoring, DIMS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ranking using PP, Matrix scoring
Ranking using PP,Matrix scoring
Table V: Diseases of dogs and their local names in 35 villages of Plateau state
Diseases/ Infestation Local names in Hausa language
Rabies Huakan Kare
Helminthosis Tsusan Chiki
Myiasis Tsusan Jiki
Parvovirus enteritis _
Ectoparasitism (lice and tick infestation)
Kwarkwata, Kaska
Mange _
Fig VI: Diseases of dogs and ranking in 35 villages of Plateau state
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ranking using PP, Matrix scoring, DIMS
Ranking using PP, Matrixscoring, DIMS
Transboundary animal diseases of livestock species in 35 villages of Plateau state
� Poultry: Newcastle Disease (ND)
� Sheep and goats: Peste de Petit Ruminant (PPR)
� Cattle: Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD).
� Pigs: ASF
� Dogs: Rabies
Challenges faced in livestock rearing
Challenges faced by the farmers in these villages include:
� Diseases
� Access to veterinary services.
� Drought during dry season.
� Predation of chicks by hawks.
� Lack of housing for local birds.
� Poverty still poses challenges in the use of veterinary drugs and services by the farmers in these communities.
Table VI: Ethno-veterinary practices in the 35 villages in Plateau state
Specie Disease/symptom Local treatment
Poultry
Newcastle Disease Fowl pox
Cactus, Decoction of cactus + gautan kaji (a plant fruit in hausa language), Pepper in water. Use of palm oil on affected areas.
Sheep and Goats
Peste de Petit Ruminant (PPR). Mange Contagious ecthyma
Grounded Boaboa leaves (kuka in Hausa language)+ Maize or guinea corn bran, orally. Hawa (fish poison) in Hausa dialect, applying it on the Affected areas. Mahogany oil + balm, rubbed on the affected area
Table VI: Ethno-veterinary practices in the 35 villages in Plateau state
Species Disease/Symptom Local tretment
Sheep and goats Cough Diarrhea Loss of appetite
Lemon extract administered orally. kuka (boaboa leaves) grounded + potash, administer orally Daddawan baso (Hausa dialect) made from locust bean seeds is given to increase appetite.
Cattle Lumpy Skin Disease Fasciolosis Trypanosomosis Swellings
Branding. Mahogany. Mahogany + salt + potash Branding
Dogs Rabies Myiasis / Helminthosis
Use of pia or cocoyam Ogogoro (locally brewed beer) administered orally
What went well?
� Commitment of the team (committed to the work, time conscious and cooperative)
� Good relationship with fieldworkers (Animal health workers at the rural level)
� Know the livestock species kept and disease profile
� Ability to acquire disease status and season of occurrence in communities which gives information for effective disease control
What went well? Cont’d
� Identification and recognition of seasonal occurrences - planning of intervention programmes (ND vaccination in rural poultry).
Increase awareness on disease reporting in the grassroots
� Exposure of Animal Health workers to PE
� Exposure to most parts of the state, opportunity to meet and interact with communities with different ethnic diversities
What went well? Cont’d
� Potential for private veterinary practice identified
� Federal Government intervention through Sanitary mandate Veterinarian
� Proffer solution to some problems that farmers face (control of ND don’t buy sick chickens from the market and introduce to your own) and other biosecurity measures.
� Enlightenment of farmers on zoonotic/notifiable diseases
What went well? Cont’d
� Pictorial presentation of animal and their disease conditions elicits quick response from respondents
� The communities were receptive and cooperative
� Promises were not made to raise their expectation (Appraisal team are not decision makers!)
What did not go well?
� Inability to proffer immediate solutions to some of their problems
� Difficult terrain
� Hoarding of knowledge on traditional remedies
� Inability to identify some of the trees and plants used for ethno veterinary medicine
� Dominance by opinion leaders
Conclusion
� PDS has revealed the presence of transboundary animal diseases in Plateau state.
� PDS has provided insight on the challenges faced by rural farmers in livestock rearing.
� PDS also revealed the existence of ethnoveterinary practices in rural areas and the need for veterinary services.
� This study shows that there is a need for PDS to be integrated into our surveillance system
Acknowledgement
� Early Detection Response Surveillance for Avian Influenza in Africa (EDRSAIA)
� International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
� National Animal Disease Information and Surveillance, Nigeria (NADIS)
� Support Programme for National Action Plan for Avian Influenza (SPINAP)
Thank you