design world march 2016

March 2016www.designworldonline.com

Fivekey electrical

design concepts for mechanical

engineers 58

INSIDE:

LINEAR MOTION: Picking the right accumulation chain for conveying PAGE 66

INTERCONNECT: PCB connection technology keeps pace with power demands PAGE 100

TEST & MEASUREMENT: Oscilloscope designs change with the times PAGE 80

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I n s i g h t s

4 DESIGN WORLD March 2016

Were just about a month away from the annual Hannover Fair, the worlds largest industrial tradeshow. The German tradeshow is pretty hard to comprehend, with 30-ish

trade halls, 200,000 visitors, and 6,500 exhibitors. Its definitely a show you have to plan a

strategy for, not to mention packing some comfortable shoes.

This years Fair will focus on the concept of Integrated Industry Discover Solutions.

Fair organizers say that exhibits will inform the international audience how to transform

their production facilities into smart factories for the digital age and how to build intelligent,

networked systems for energy generation, distribution and storage.

Im personally interested to see who will win the Hermes Award, which is given out at the

Fair each year. The award is given in honor of a technologically innovative product making

its debut at Hannover. Products entered for the award must have undergone industrial

trials and/or already be used in industrial applications, and must be particularly innovative

in terms of technical and economic impact. Last year, Wittenstein AG won for its Galaxie

product, a new type of mechanical gearhead that features Industry 4.0 connectivity.

Each year, Hannover Fair chooses a partner country; last year it was India, in 2014

it was The Netherlands, and in 2013 it was Russia. The Fair encourages all exhibitors to

focus on their businesses within the partner country, as well as invite customers from that

country. Traditionally, the partner countrys head of state conducts the ceremonial opening

ceremonies with the German Chancellor.

For the first time, the United States will be the partner country at Hannover.

Approximately 250 companies from the U.S. will present industrial solutions at the Fair,

scheduled for April 2529. President Obama will appear at the Fair with Chancellor Merkel,

and well be there to cover all of the news and innovations. In fact, for the first time, Design

World will be sending two editors to the Fair, to provide you information on all of the latest

products and innovations across the mechanical and electrical engineering spaces. Please

follow myself and Executive Editor Lee Teschler on Twitter at @DW_Editor and

@DW_LeeTeschler to keep up with the latest on Hannover. DW

Partnering up with Germany

Pa u l J. H e n e y - Ed i to r i a l D i re c to rp h e n e y@w tw h m e d i a .co m

Will your company be sending engineers to the Hannover Fair?

Comment on Pauls blog on Pneumatic Tips, www.pneumatictips.com/blog On Twitter @ DWEditor

Insights 3-16_Vs2.MD.indd 4 3/3/16 1:32 PM

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Te s c h l e r o n To p i c

I once worked at a company where the human resources department had

run amuck and perfected a performance

review process pretty much guaranteed

to be discouraging. Every six months,

we were ostensibly graded on a one-to-

four scale on each of a laundry list of

goals. But this grading scale was only in

theory. For some reason, no one could

earn the highest score. Managers who

gave one of their reports a four got the

evaluation bounced back for a redo, often

accompanied by a back-handed reprimand.

Thus, no matter what you managed to accomplish, you could never be outstanding. To make matters slightly worse, the goal-evaluation process was such that even strong performers could end up, on paper, looking like bumbling fools. The reason: The computerized evaluations demanded numerous goals in numerous categories. So managers were

L e l a n d Te s c h le r - Exe c u t i ve Ed i to rlte s c h le r @w tw h m e d i a .co m

Performance review is another way of saying morale killer

On Twitter @ DWLeeTeschler

forced to come up with inconsequential objectives just to make the evaluation look complete in the eyes of HR. Even superbly performing employees couldnt meet them all. So there were always lots of unimportant things left uncompleted. The theory among employees was that managers used the uncompleted tasks as an excuse to keep salaries down. The upshot of the evaluation process was that top management came across as two-faced: During company meetings, we were all part of a great team. During individual evaluations, we were all idiots. I once thought my brush with this evaluation nightmare was just bad luck. But there is a lot of evidence that counterproductive employee evaluations are the norm in U.S. business rather than the exception. For a classic example, consider the evaluation process in place at Microsoft prior to 2012. Called stack ranking, it forced managers to declare a certain percentage of their reports as being poor performers, no matter how well they were actually performing. As related by author Kurt Eichenwald in Vanity Fair magazine, Every current and former Microsoft employee I interviewedevery onecited stack ranking as the most destructive process inside Microsoft, something that drove out untold numbers of employees. Stack ranking, he said, gave engineers incentives not to work with other engineers who were outstanding for fear of ending up on the bottom of the ranking scale.

Microsoft engineers also told Eichenwald that the politics around stack ranking slowed company decision making dramatically. People planned their days and their years around the review, rather than around products. You really had to focus on the six-month performance, rather than on doing what was right for the company, one engineer told him. Indications are that Microsoft was embarrassed by Eichenwalds portrayal of its review process. Though it never said why, the company scrapped its stack ranking scheme shortly after publication of the article. And there is ample evidence that nobody likes performance reviews. Consider the findings of Texas A&M researchers. They hypothesized that people who thought their abilities developed mainly through effort and experience would take negative feedback better than others who mainly tried to avoid negative judgments. Nah. In studies the researchers ran, nobody liked negative feedback. Those researchers could have saved themselves some effort if they had simply referred to the works of quality guru W. Edwards Deming. As far back as the early 1950s, Deming was teaching Japanese manufacturers to evaluate groups rather than individuals. In so many words, he claimed that individual performance reviews create chaos rather than order. A lot of companies every day prove that Deming was right. DW


Lee Teschler Column 3-16_Vs2.MD.indd 6 3/3/16 1:29 PM

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Te c h n o l o g y F o r w a r d

When designing products for the Internet of Things (IoT), research is showing that the user experience with

software is often more important than the experience

with the IoT device itself. While most of the studies focus

on consumers and consumer targeted IoT products, the

point is valid for industrial IoT designers too.

The study focused on IoT products for the smart

home. This idea consists of hardware devices and

software apps that, when combined, should make an

efficient system for consumers. But a new report from

Argus Insights shows that consumers are overall more

frustrated with the applications that dictate, schedule

and manage each device than with the actual devices

themselves.

According to data compiled from nearly 50,000

Smart Home device and app reviews from August

2015 to the present, a number of developers apps lack

features users want. Users indicate that they are more

frustrated with the software applications than with the

actual devices.

It appears as though end users look at the hardware

and software experiences differently. Once the hardware

is installed, which should be an easy process, the

L e s l i e L a n g n a u - M a n a g i n g Ed i to rl la n g n a u r @w tw h m e d i a .co m

Mind the gap

On Twitter @ DW3Dprinting


hardware functions in the background. Users have

much more interaction with the software app. Thus, they

are looking for the best functionality of the software

possible. In many cases, this functionality means fast

video streaming, short load times, and minimal video

blackouts. Its here users find a gap in expectations

among IoT products.

One company that appears to be an exception is

Honeywell, which offers a more synchronized hardware

and software ecosystem and is doing well among

consumers. Research shows it has beaten Nest with an

overall better experience.

The analytics from IoT implementation are supposed

to help make it easier to shrink the gap between user

expectation and product operation. But this study

shows that simply buying into the concept of the IoT

is not enough. If the IoT really delivers on valuable,

useful information that can aid design, its still up to

designers to use that information appropriately. The

other companies mentioned in the research, AT&T, ADT

and Comcast, illustrate what happens when IoT data are

not used, or not used well to aid designloss of market

share. DW

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IS THE ANSWER TO MY DESIGN CHALLENGE ALWAYS A PART NUMBER?

Ask Smalley. We know that theres really no such thing as a standard design. So we deliver a level of technical collaboration and customization far beyond what youd nd in a typical parts catalog.

Smalley engineers are always ready to share their expertise with youtailoring a high-performance Smalley wave spring, Spiroloxretaining ring or constant section ring to meet your unique application requirements. So dont settle for ordinary. Talk to a Smalley engineer today.


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l C o n t r i b u t o r s S p o t l i g h t

PCB connection technology keeps pace with power demands

JIM DUNBARProduct Marketing ManagerPhoenix Contact

GERHARD HARTINGER

Key Account Manageriwis Drive Systems

March 2016 DESIGN WORLD 1 1

Picking the right accumulation chain for conveying

Gerhard brings more to the table than supplier support and strategic purchasinghes had advanced training as a time-and-motion studies technician, and completed an apprenticeship as a toolmaker in Munich, Germany, where he currently resides. In addition, he has practical experience in all production departments at iwis including head of production of special rollers, bushes and special parts. Like a lot of engineers,

Jim, who holds a BSEE and MBA from Penn State University, believes that in 20 years, 3D printing will play a big role in everything we do, from printing food in restaurants to manufacturing buildings. As someone whose previous jobs include development engineering, product engineering and engineering supervision in a manufacturing facility, Jim said it drives him crazy when people assume that engineers can fix anything that breaks. At one time, I had stereos, microwaves, refrigerators and more lined up in my garage because people assumed that since I was an engineer I could repair it all for them.

fun factJim is inspired by the movie Jiro Dreams of Sushi. Its about an

85-year-old guy who dedicated his life to perfecting sushi and making it better each day. Amazing.

Brig joined Agilent Technologies in 2005 as a Technical Support Engineer. During his time with Agilent, he has held the following positions: Marketing Operations Manager, where he oversaw the marketing budget and managed the technical support and learning products teams, and Technical Support Engineer, where he helped solve numerous customer problems. Before Agilent, Brig worked at Micron Technologies as a Test Engineer. He graduated with an MBA from Northwest Nazarene University and BSEE from the University of Wyoming. In his spare time, Brig runs marathons and climbs the mountains of Colorado with his kids.

fun fact Brig is a published technical author.

Gerhard wishes he had learned more practical aspects of his career, such as chain technology, that werent part of his college curriculum.

fun fact Gerhard has his travel sights set on the U.S. or South America. It sounds strange, he said, but so far, I havent had the

opportunity to go to either one. On the other hand, I travel to Asia a lot on business.

66

BRIG ASAYProduct Manager High-Performance OscilloscopesKeysight Technologies

Power delivery and the Type-C revolution 94

GEORG GRUNENBERGProduct Marketing, Business Unit, Device ConnectorsPhoenix Contact

Georg earned his degree in engineering from the Bochum University of Applied Sciences. Advances in technology, he said, will continue to make peoples lives easier. Simple tasks such as mowing the lawn and vacuuming the living room wont remain the sole domain of robots. In ten years, robots will start to take on jobs for people in need of help, like doing the laundry, cooking, and grocery shopping. In 1990, Georg wrote a thesis paper investigating the operation of a solar-powered inverter that was directly connected to the grid. He began working in product marketing at Phoenix Contact in 1997 and in 2012, he became Group Manager for the Combicon power product range. If technology is used with peoples needs in mind, it can only be to our advantage, Georg said. Im primarily concerned about the misuse of peoples data, not to mention internal corporate data and information. When hes not at work or home, Georg can most likely be found taking a jog or spending time with friends.

my advice People should always take a central role!

PCB connection technology keeps pace with power demands

100

100

Contributor Page 3-16_vs2.MD.indd 11 3/4/16 3:21 PM

Follow the whole team on twitter @DesignWorld

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2015

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Co n te n t s | M a r c h 2 0 1 6 v o l 1 1 n o 3 | d e s i g n w o r l d o n l i n e . c o m

MOTION CONTROL

Five key electrical design concepts for mechanical engineersMechanical engineers often overlook important electrical issues when specifying their respective parts of an electromechanical system.

58

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A hint of things to come in the IoTIn some respects, the Internet of Things is still heavy on the buzz and promotion and light on actual products that help design engineers. A few helpful aids are emerging.

66

Make Parts Fast Supplement 107-124

TEST & MEASUREMENT

Oscilloscope designs change with the timesFrom portable scopes to a wide array of testing tools, oscilloscope design keeps up with the times.

2015ONLINE

80

ELECTRONICSPower delivery and the Type-C revolutionUSB-C cords promise to be all-in-one cables for the next decade thanks, in no small part, to the way this new spec handles electrical power.

88 MECHANICALWhen are custom couplings the best choice? If it aint broke, dont fix itan old phrase appropriate in reference to the coupling selection of a design. However, there are circumstances where a custom coupling is the difference between a good choice and the perfect choice.

1 4 DESIGN WORLD

LINEAR MOTION

Picking the right accumulation chain for conveyingFor logistics and material-handling applications, chain engineered for accumulating discrete pieces of product is efficient and durable.

94

INTERCONNECTPCB connection technology keeps pace with power demandsAs developers of power electronics devices compete to make these devices more compact, it is up to PCB connector manufacturers to fit within these space constraints while increasing efficiency.

100

ON THE COVERA clean design balances mass and motion. Lighter-weight components help reduce mass and enable the use of smaller motor/drive components.

Courtesy of Bosch Rexroth.

CONTENTS MARCH 2016_first page_Vs3.LL.MD.indd 14 3/4/16 10:15 AM

160201_MPD_EEW_US.indd 1 1/29/16 2:00 PMDigi-Key 3-16.indd 15 3/3/16 11:25 AM

Co n te n t s

D E P A R T M E N T S

04 Insights

06 Teschler on Topic

08 Technology Forward 11 Contributors 18 Green Engineering

20 Design for Industry

29 Engineering Exchange

30 Design Notes

42 Coupling Notes

44 CAE Solutions

50 Internet of Things

126 Product World

136 Ad Index

3 . 2 0 1 6


50

44

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Canted coil springs can improve wind turbine seals, connectors

n Jim Harty Global Market Manager Energy Bal Seal Engineering

G r e e n E n g i n e e r i n g


Wind turbines must withstand harsh internal and external conditions, including temperature and weather fluctuations, turbulence

caused by wind gusts, variations in rotor speed, and repeated strokes of

the blades. For the components that make up the turbine, durability is

essential. Even the smallest components, such as seals and connectors,

must endure changes in pressure and temperature while minimizing

friction and wear inside the nacelle.

Proper sealingSealing and protecting turbine parts is a small job but an important one. When choosing a product, designers should consider materials that offer a proven ability to last and withstand the tough conditions inside wind turbines.

Friction and wear. When used in pitch-drive gears and other similar applications, seals need to facilitate a certain level of mobility. Because blades rotate millions of times, they must resist continuous wear. Low-friction sealing materials such as a polymer-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can minimize wear, providing excellent sealing performance and an extremely low dynamic coefficient of friction. An energized seal will ensure that the lip retains an ability to contact the housing, while securely and consistently sealing around the edges.

Chemical and media compatibility. For proper protection, its important to choose a sealing material that exhibits chemical compatibility with the greases and lubricants commonly used in the turbine. PTFE is chemically inert and offers high resistance to solvents, chemicals, and other materials over time. By contrast, materials such as elastomers struggle with long-term exposure to UV rays.

Contact stress. Machined large-diameter seals have no weld, and therefore no hard spots or areas of potential weakness. This results in an ability to provide consistent contact pressures along the entire diameter of the sealing lip. Machined seals can also withstand much harsher conditions than welded ones, increasing service life of the seal and minimizing turbine downtime for maintenance or repairs.

Shelf life. Longevity is an essential turbine design consideration, and this holds true for all of the turbine components. Minimizing the need for repairs or replacements of a seal means fewer maintenance visits and lower material costs. The design of a seal and the choice of material used will affect its shelf life. The length of time that seals can be stored is often dependent on the material. For example, materials such as PTFE can be stored for years without impacting their sealing performance.

Thermal stability. In areas where ambient heat is excessive such as in a turbines gearbox, its important to use seals that provide protection and thermal stability. The seal should withstand high and low temperatures (up to 140 F and as low as to -65 F) without compromising the sealing contact stress.

Connecting turbinesMuch like the requirements for proper sealing, connecting turbine parts deserves special consideration for the best and safest results. Connecting presents specific challenges inside the small confines of a turbine nacelle.

Green Engineering_3-16_Vs3.MD.indd 18 3/3/16 1:35 PM

Tight spaces can make it difficult to achieve adequate torque and high vibration can easily loosen cables. In a worst-case scenario, this can lead to increased turbine temperatures, rising heat, and potentially hazardous conditions. When choosing connectors, these characteristics are critical:

Latching and locking forces. Connectors should provide wind-turbine engineers with a means of dictating forces with which connections are made and broken. Fasteners such as canted coil springs offer controllable mating and unmating forces. Such controlled forces make it easy to connect and disconnect control, and provide an alternative to traditional technologies, such as threaded connections that require tools.

Conductivity. In wind systems, its necessary to dial in the current-carrying capacity based on application need by specifying physical properties of contact (type of plating and wire diameter, for example). Although copper braids


are often used to carry current, other options such as canted coil springs placed on each end of a rod can improve current transmission. Because the spring maintains consistent contact forces on the conducting element, it can ultimately improve turbine performance.

Heat safe. Connectors should allow maximum current management with minimal heat build-up in the turbine. Capacitors, transformers, generators, electrical controls, and transmission equipment are all subject to fire. To minimize risk in wind turbines, operating temperatures must remain at a minimum. Typical requirements include a heat run during which the heat rises to no more than 63 C. Operating temperatures should not exceed 110 C at 2,900 A CC (amps of constant current). The short circuit current must be able to withstand 1.6 kVA for two seconds. Canted coil springs help minimize heat-to-current carrying capacity in high-temperature conditions.

Compression resistant. Its important that connectors in wind turbines are resistant to compression set, which refers to the permanent deformation of a material after release of stress or force. They should be comprised of material with physical properties that ensure consistent, multi-point contact for maximum efficiency of current flow. A resistance to compression set provides for consistent service over thousands of cycles.

Space-saving design. To ensure maximum efficiency, each connector should provide an excellent size-to-current capacity ratio, allowing designers the opportunity to decrease overall device size and build in more functionality where necessary.

As wind-energy systems supply a greater percentage of power worldwide, minimizing downtime and decreasing maintenance and service is critical. Conditions such as temperature, vibration and corrosion demand components that are efficient and reliable even in tough environments. DW

Bal Seal Engineeringbalseal.com

Green Engineering_3-16_Vs3.MD.indd 19 3/3/16 1:37 PM

01

m i l i t a r y / a e r o s p a c e

D e s i g n f o r I n d u s t r y

2 0 DESIGN WORLD March 2016 www.designworldonline.com

a e r o s p a c e / m i l i t a r y

over-voltage shutdown and surge capability. Operating temperature is -20 to 75 C, with -40 C as an option. Optional features include: ac/dc inputs and ac/dc outputs; multiple output voltages; remote on/off through various inhibit configurations; input inrush and surge protection; mains synchronization; input reverse polarity protection; output voltage adjustment potentiometer; output voltage and frequency monitoring; increased mechanical strength; tropical (conformal coating) protection; low and high IP rated; liquid or air-cooled; and parallel and redundant operation. Heavy industrial and military versions are available. Safety and construction protection

These inverters and frequency converters use new communication interfaces for heavy industrial and military applications. The CI, IT, IV, and K series of single or three-phase Heavy Industrial and Mil Inverters and Frequency Converters with CAN, Ethernet, Modbus and Analog communication interfaces are for mission critical applications. These reliable, customizable built-to-project pure-sine-wave inverters offer 10 to more than 1,000 Vdc input voltage and 200 VA to 3 MW output voltages. Some of the designs feature an integrated UPS function, static switch(SS series), battery charging (B series) and parallel capabilities (N+1). Features include continuous short-circuit protection, automatic restart after

meets EN 60950-1/EN 50178. EMI to EN 61000-6-4, class A, option class B available. Optional: Mil-Std-1399 type 1 and type 3; Mil-Std-461; Mil-Std-1275; Mil-Std-1332; Mil-Std-810; Mil-Std-901; Mil-Std-167, Mil-Std-704; and so on. COTS, MOTS and custom-tailored to meet your specific application requirements. DW

Schaeferschaeferpower.com

Communication options for inverters/converters

DFI 3-16_Vs3.LL.MD.indd 20 3/3/16 3:30 PM

90 Taylor Drive, P.O. Box 748North Tonawanda, NY 14120-0748Phone: 716.694.0800Fax: 716.695.6015

www.taylordevices.com

High precision, lightweight tension/compression

Extremely long life

Made from a wide variety of materials including high strength steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and titanium

Exact/consistent spring rate

Precise alignment

Up to 16 inches in diameter

Contact us today to see how we can provide a better solution for your engineering application.

A N A T O M Y O F A G R E A T I D E A

MACHINED SPRINGS FROM TAYLOR DEVICESAvailable in virtually unlimited configurations, Machined Springs

from Taylor Devices offer unique capabilities to solve your

application challenges. Examine the difference.

TAYOR-006170-4 MachSprg_9x10_875 DesWorld_MARCHMech.indd 1 1/29/16 3:47 PMTaylor Devices 3-16.indd 21 3/3/16 11:32 AM

D e s i g n f o r I n d u s t r y 02 p a c k a g i n g

Some material handling and packaging applications have special handling needs, such as requiring perfect seal during pickup, or handling hot injection-molded plastics, or uneven surfaces. One option for these applications is the SP-BX Series Varioflex bellows suction cups. These cups deliver a perfect seal on surfaces ranging from oil-free metal sheets to hot injection-molded plastics, and even rough or uneven surfaces. Made of oil-, ozone-, and wear-resistant polyurethane composite material, FIPAs SP-BX Series Varioflex bellows suction cups have a dimensionally stable body (60 shore) that prevents buckling over a range of shear forces, and a soft, low-marking sealing lip (30 shore) that delivers a perfect seal on surfaces ranging from oil-free metal sheets to hot injection-molded plastics, and even rough or uneven surfaces, including cardboard and wood. Available with either 1.5 folds (SP-BX1) or 2.5 folds (SP-BX2), the suction cups also function over long lifecycles to reduce machine downtime. Other features include holding force, recovery force, stability, and reset capabilities to accommodate systems with short cycle times.

Available in diameters spanning 16 to 160 mm, the suction cups have 1.5 bellows to compensate for material height differences, and stabilizing cleats that both enable fast acceleration and prevent the deep drawing of thin materials like sheet metal. Available in diameters spanning 16 to 77 mm, these bellows suction cups have 2.5 bellows to accommodate material handling applications that require both height and angle compensation, such as the de-molding of injection-molded parts, and feature an optional filter disk between the bellows for 26 to 53 mm diameter suction cups. Filter disks are included with suction cups with diameters of at least 77 mm, and rated operating temperatures for both SP-BX series span 50 to 122 F. DW

FIPAfipa.com


Suction cups handle a range of product shapes and sizes


Take the work out of integration


03m a c h i n e t o o l

Responding to industry demand for integrated machine and plant control, the iQ-R series incorporates sequence, motion, safety, process and C language control into one platform. The control platform is for applications requiring integrated motion and safety control, tight synchronization between various processes and high production throughput. Applications include automotive, food and beverage, material handling, life sciences, and electronics manufacturing industries. The integrated design allows machines or production lines to consolidate control in one rack. The system can have up to 4 CPUs per rack for various combinations of motion, sequence or process control.

Key features include: 0.98 nsec execution speed high-speed bus GX Works3 programming software with built-in functions and configuration screens CC-Link IE field network with deterministic performance over industrial Ethernet built-in SD memory card database

This scalable control fits many application needs, whether it involves coordinated motion, integrated safety, C language programming or PID control. It easily integrates with other automation products such as the GOT2000 series HMI and MR-J4 series amplifiers through pre-created templates and function blocks. A machine designed on the iQ-R series is set up for synchronization at every levelamong PLCs, I/O modules and network stations for fast, reliable PLC performance. The clean control design allows communication between controllers across the backplane, eliminating the need for complex wiring that can add points of error. It also offers a variety of security features to protect intellectual property and ensure system integrity, including a security key feature to prevent unauthorized execution of OEMs programs. DW

Mitsubishi Electric Automationus.mitsubishielectric.com

WHITTET-HIGGINS manufactures quality oriented, stocks abundantly and delivers quickly the best quality and largest array of adjustable, heavy thrust bearing, and torque load carrying retaining devices for bearing, power transmission and other industrial assemblies; and specialized tools for their careful assembly.

Visit our websitewhittet-higgins.comto peruse the many possibilities to improve your assemblies. Much technical detail delineated as well as 2D and 3D CAD models for engineering assistance. Call your local or a good distributor.

33 Higginson Avenue, Central Falls, Rhode Island 02863Telephone: (401) 728-0700 FAX: (401) 728-0703 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.whittet-higgins.com

POWER TRANSMISSIONRETAINING DEVICES &maintenance & assembly tools

WHITTET-HIGGINS

USA

BEARLOK SHOELOK BEARLOK Shrink Disc

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PRECISION NUTS & WASHERS ADAPTER SLEEVE ASSEMBLIES

NUTS & WASHERS HARDENED TONGUE WASHERS SPLIT COLLAR

RETHREADING DIES ADJUSTABLE SPANNER WRENCH BEARING ASSEMBLY SOCKET

INCH and METRIC THREADSLEFT HANDED as well as

RIGHT -HANDED

Materials of:CARBON, ALLOY and HARDENED ALLOY

STEELS

Materials of:ALLUMINUM and

CORROSION RESISTANT STEEL


SCARA robots for small parts assembly

r o b o t i c s D e s i g n f o r I n d u s t r y 04

This small SCARA robot handles a range of needs in applications requiring fast, repeatable and precise movements. The IRB 910SC SCARA (Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm) robot has a maximum payload of 6 kg, and is available in reaches of 450, 550 and 650 mm. The single arm robot operates in a confined space and is tabletop mountable. All variants are modular by design, with differing linking arm lengths allowing end users to specify the optimal reach required for a specific application. Target applications include small parts assembly, material handling, tray kitting, component placement, parts inspection, laboratory automation, prescription drug dispensing and other applications requiring rapid cycle times, high precision and unmatched reliability. Each SCARA variant is IP54-rated for optimum protection against dust and liquids and a Clean Room ISO-5 option is under development. DW

ABBabb.com



Altra Industrial Motion

Vol. 5 | No. 1 | 2016

The Power Brands in Power TransmissionPower Review

For more information contact us at: [email protected] or visit www.altramotion.com

Featured in this Edition...

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Explore the helpfulHow-To Video Serieson a variety of industrialapplications

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Couplings, Clutches & BrakesCouplingsAmeridrives CouplingsAmeridrives PTBibby TurboexGuardian CouplingsHuco DynatorkLamiex CouplingsTB Woods

Belted DrivesTB Woods

Electric Clutches & BrakesElectric Clutches & BrakesInertia DynamicsMatrix InternationalWarner ElectricWarner Linear

Linear ProductsWarner Linear

GearingGear DrivesBoston GearDelroyd Worm GearNuttall Gear

Gear MotorsBauer Gear Motor

Engineered BearingAssembliesKilian Manufacturing

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Overrunning ClutchesFormsprag ClutchMarland ClutchStieber Clutch



















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Get Connected with Altras Newsroom

The Altra Newsroom is updated weekly with the latest brand, product, and market news. The Newsroom makes it quick and easy for you to get the news you need when you need it. From new literature releases to trade show schedules, the news is at your fingertips 24 hours a day.

Browse featured stories on the home page and stay updated on the latest on tradeshows, articles, application profiles, news releases and innovation spotlights. PDFs of literature are available for download.

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Literature can be downloaded and shared via various social media platforms.

I N N O V A T I O Nfrom the brands of Altra Industrial Motion Corp.SPOTL IGHT

The wind turbine market has been slowly recovering since the 2008 global financial crisis. While there was significant improvement in 2012 and 2013,

global wind power grew by a record 50+ GW in 2014. There are currently six countries that have an installed wind capacity of more than 10,000 MW, with

China, the U.S. and Germany leading the world. The U.S. alone produces enough wind energy to power more than 16 million homes.

Europe has been experiencing substantial growth in offshore wind capacity, with 408 turbines added in 2014. This brings the cumulative total of installed

and grid-connected offshore turbines to 2,488 in 11 European countries.

The small wind and distributed wind segments of the market (turbines from 5 kW to 500 kW) are also growing. In the U.S., 40% of distributed wind

(power which is primarily consumed at the point of generation) is deployed in residential applications, while agriculture accounts for 26% and

industrial/commercial uses 20%.

SUPERIOR ROTOR AND YAW BRAKING TECHNOLOGIES

As they meet the worlds growing demand for wind energy, global wind turbine OEMs rely on Svendborg Brakes and Twiflex Limited for innovative hydraulic

caliper braking solutions. The braking systems control the speed of wind turbine rotors as well as the 360 degree yaw rotation of the turbines nacelle as

it follows changing wind directions. These two Altra brands work closely with major turbine OEMs as they develop new turbine models of various designs

and capacities, while improving efficiency, performance, and cost-effectiveness.

www.altrawind.com

CALIPER BRAKE SOLUTIONS FROM ALTRA PROVIDE RELIABLE PERFORMANCE ON WIND

TURBINES AROUND THE WORLD

99BillionDollars invested in global wind power in 2014*

Custom Precision Bearing Assemblies

Poultry Processing Equipment

Product

Application

Highlights

Application Profile

P-7951-KM 12/15 Printed in USA

Asia PacificFor a list of our AP sales offices:altramotion.com/contactus

US (Sales/Engineering)1-315-432-0700 kilianbearings.com

Shielded 303 stainless steel housings

Sealed stainless steel ball bearings

Washdown and corrosion resistant

Smooth movement

Integral stud for easy installation

A leading poultry and food processing equipment manufacturer needed a stainless steel bearing assembly for use on its line of chicken vicera harvesters. The machines removes various internal organs from chicken carcasses as they rotate on an overhead-driven carousel. Multiple bearing assemblies, positioned over each of the carcass stations allow the carousel to rotate smoothly.

Kilian engineers designed a custom stainless steel ball bearing assembly to meet the tough washdown application requirements. The units feature a 303 stainless steel shielded housing containing precision stainless steel ball bearings sealed to protect against bacteria and withstand harsh washdowns. An integral stud was added to allow for easy installation.

AltraMotion.com/Newsroom


Altras How-To Video Series on YouTube

Visit Altra Industrial Motion on YouTube to see our newest videos including our recently added instructional How-To Video Series. The How-To Video Series includes troubleshooting and installation instructions for a variety of products.

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How-To Video Series

The How-to Video Series offers helpful how-to videos on a variety of industrial applications. We upload new videos routinely, so check back often.

Warner Electric, TB Woods, and Boston Gear currently have videos featured in the How-To Series that include installation instructions and troubleshooting.

Scan to visit the How-To Video Series

YouTube.com/AltraIndMotion


Our new Sure-Flex Plus EPDM and Neoprene sleeves are best-in-class for coupling performance and value. Heres why:

For more information on Sure-Flex Plus call 1.888.TBWOODS or visit www.TBWoods.com

High Torque Rating

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Provides longer service life in demanding applications, reducing required maintenance and associated replacement cost.

Longer Life

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Extensive testing shows our sleeves outlast the imitators. More uptime means less costly downtime.

Better Value

Save Money Using a Smaller Coupling

The increased rating of the Sure-Flex Plus sleeves lets the user choose a one-size-smaller coupling for over 50% of common applications. This lowers the cost of both initial purchase and future sleeve replacement.

Interchangeable

Retrofits to Existing Flanges

No need to replace the full coupling The Sure-Flex Plus sleeve design is 100% compatible with the current industry standard that TB Woods created over 50 years ago.

TB Woods Incorporated

Scan to WatchSure-Flex Plus Video

NEW Sure-Flex Plus EPDM & Neoprene Sleeves


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March 2016www.designworldonline.com

Fivekey electrical

design concepts for mechanical

engineers 58

INSIDE:

LINEAR MOTION: Picking the right accumulation chain for conveying PAGE 66

INTERCONNECT: PCB connection technology keeps pace with power demands PAGE 100

TEST & MEASUREMENT: Oscilloscope designs change with the times PAGE 80

Cover_DW_MARCH 2016_FINAL.indd 1 3/4/16 4:58 PM

Basics of frequency mixing and mixers

If you draw it, can you print it?3D printing enables you to reduce part weight, raw material used

and cut total energy used in production. But to truly take advantage

of 3D printing, engineers need updated, intuitive, easy-to-learn CAD

tools. by Jean Thilmany, Contributing Editor

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The capability to design, test and validate in the digital world helps get products to market faster for less money.

7 tips to get the best adhesive

by Diane Sofranec, Contributing Editor

The process of evaluating and choosing an adhesive is

easier when you consider a few key parameters.

Design World's Editorial Director Paul J. Heney and

Senior Editor Miles Budimir introduce the Spartan Robot,

which has 26 motor, servo and sensor ports, allowing

programs to interact with the robots environment.

Coupled with the company's MATRIX building system,

Spartan can complete endless challenges.

GOOGLE+

by Paven Patel, General Manager and Barry Siroka, Business Development Manager, EpoxySet

www.designworldonline.com March 2016 DESIGN WORLD 2 9

Engineering Exchange 2-16_Vs2.indd 29 3/7/16 10:19 AM

Lost in space: biomedical harness finally makes it home

D e s i g n N o te s

Almost 50 years after an Apollo space walk, a long-lost flat cable harness returned back home to Cicoil. The Bio-Harness assembly, built by the company for the 1969 Apollo 9 space flight, was returned in a NASA Apollo Space Program

Auction. Considering its age and the number of miles it has travelled, the harness looked virtually brand-new.

Edited by: Mike Santora Associate Editor


This cable was worn under the astro-nauts garments and enabled continuous monitoring of vital signs, such as blood pres-sure, respiration, body temperature and pulse rate for each astronaut during flight, orbit and spacewalk operations. The harness looks virtually brand-new, considering its age and the number of miles it has traveled.

The 26-in.-long electrical biomedical harness was worn by Commander

Jim McDivitt during the Apollo 9 flight that launched into orbit on March

3 and returned to Earth 10 days later. Typically, the Bio-Harness was

worn underneath the intravehicular constant wear garment when in the

spacecraft, and under the extravehicular pressure suit during spacewalk

activities. The assembly enabled continuous monitoring of vital signs, such

as pulse, respiration, body temperature and pulse rate for each astronaut

during flight, orbit and spacewalk operations. In addition to Commander

McDivitt, Astronauts David Scott and Rusty Schweickart also used Bio-

Harnesses on the Apollo 9 space mission as well.

The space flight approved Bio-medical Instrumentation and Telemetry

Harnesses were chosen for their highly flexible and lightweight materials;

high reliability in mission critical applications; resistance to UV light,

radiation and vibration; high efficiency

in dissipating heat between inner cable

components; strong performance when

exposed to temperature extremes (-65 to

260 C); and ability to separately encase

shielded signal pairs to eliminate electronic

interference and provide uninterrupted signal

integrity during the harsh rigors of space flight.

Flat cable harnesses were also there to

help John Glenn (Mercury-Atlas 6) become the

first American to orbit the earth, Edward White

(Gemini 4) to be the first American to walk

in space, Neil Armstrong (Apollo 11) to take

his historical First Step on the surface of the

moon, and Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11) to take his

second walk on the moon.

In addition to every Apollo space flight, the

design team from Cicoil has manufactured cable

assemblies for the Mercury and Gemini Space

missions, Skylab, Mercury Voyager, the Space

Shuttle, Tri-ATHLETE Lunar Vehicle, the Mars

Rover; and myriad space transport rockets and

satellites. DW

Cicoil cicoil.com

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

Connect and discuss this and other design engineering issues with

thousands of professionals online

Design Notes 3-16_Vs7.LL.MD.indd 30 3/3/16 3:57 PM

m e m o ry p r o t e c t i o n d e v i c e sMPD M P D i s a g l o b a l m a n u f a c t u r e r o f b a t t e r y h o l d e r s a n d o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s . W e b e l i e v e t h a t o u r c o m p o n e n t s s h o u l d f i t e a s i l y i n t o y o u r d e s i g n s , w h i c h i s w h y w e a r e a l w a y s c r e a t i n g i n n o v a t i v e n e w p r o d u c t s .b a t t e r y h o l d e r s . c o m

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MADE IN THE USA www.designworldonline.com March 2016 DESIGN WORLD 33


Motion control is essential for the digitization and automation of equipment, and bearings

are at the core of frictionless movement. In

1956, just distributing bearings in California

was viable, even on a small scale. For many

small distributors, with growing globalization

through the end of the 20th century, it was

change or die. This is where the entrance of

strong engineering skills came to the rescue of

such distributors.

Bearing Engineers, one such distributor,

recently changed its name to Motion Solutions

to reflect their evolution into custom designers


of motion solutions. How this distributor

became a manufacturer is illustrated by the

development of their newest product.

A company who needed a better linear

motor table for positioning laser surgery

equipment brought this challenge to the

engineering team. According to Shawn

Hakim, mechanical engineering supervisor at

Motion Solutions, The client came to us with

the complaint that their Lasik eye surgery

equipment was not performing smoothly

enough and its running parallelism was not up

to their standards. The problem was caused by


Anti-cage creep mechanism helps bring Lasik surgery equipment into focus


ORIGINAL

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V Springs, U Springs, Helical Springs, Full Contact Springs, Spring Bands,

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Value Added Equipment Including Tool & Die Modeling Software, Swiss Milling Machinery, Load Deflection Testing Equipment, Laser Welding, & 100% Laser Inspections Equipment

SPRINGS, LASER SERVICES, & PRODUCT TESTING

Developing & Manufacturing Custom Products

SPRING ENERGIZERS

Empowering Innovation. Engineering Value. MADE IN THE USAwww.designworldonline.com March 2016 DESIGN WORLD 33


linear bearing cage slippage. Though positioned

horizontally, at full operating speed, the bearing

retainer would creep as the momentum of the

bearing movement was transferred to the cage

(also termed the retainer). An anti-cage creep

mechanism was the logical solution.

The term anti-creep describes the method

of eliminating any slippage of the retainer

holding the crossed rollers between the two

V-grooved rails of the slideway. In addition

to maintaining precise movement, without

creepage, downtime is reduced lowering the

cost of maintenance.

An anti-creep device eliminates this

creeping of the retainer, so the slideway

can be used in any mounting direction and

with lower momentum motors such as linear

motors. Several complex anti-creep devices

have been developed. To prevent cage creep/

slippage, manufacturers have used a few

different approaches, such as a rack and pinion

mechanism; an external attachment made of

plastic gears outside of the rail; and a metal gear

inside of the rail. Some of these devices are quite

expensive.

After comparison tests, Hakim settled on one

mechanism that does not use a gear. It is an

anti-cage creep mechanism that uses a roller

with round balls studded around its surface. It

has the smoothest tracking motion and therefore

is quieter than an externally attached toothed-

gear type anti-creep device. In this Studroller

mechanism, creepage is prevented because the

raceway has depressions that track the studs or

In this Studroller anti-creep slideway from NB Corp., creepage is

prevented because the raceway has depressions that track the studs or

nodules, preventing slippage in any position.




nodules, preventing slippage in any position.

By placing studs in the center roller and

machining a path along the rail, this retainer will not

slip. It is suitable for high acceleration, vertical or

horizontal mounting and uneven load distribution.

The engineering team saw that the improved

linear motor table held great promise as a

proprietary product. However, they had commercial

concerns; cost was their number one concern.

Costs vary for crossed roller bearings with anti-

creep mechanismsdepending on the complexity

of their design and whether the application has to

be custom designed to accommodate them. The

Studroller, being the simplest non-slip design, uses

a studded roller, as opposed to a gear or exterior

control, so its cost is almost the same as a standard

slideway.

We were able to make the product more cost

competitive. Our product lowered the clients cost

by 17%. We gave them an equivalent product that

is lower cost, has better running parallelism, better

smoothness and with about 30% more force, said

Hakim.

Secondly, long lead timessay, six to eight

weekscould doom the product. We established

processes that would allow us to shorten the lead

time to somewhere between two and three weeks,

he added.

Cage creep is prevented by the studs that roll into the raceways depressions. The resin retainer fits around the roller in the Studroller.

We understand your design challenges.

With 110 years of engineering expertise, you can rely on our team of gearmotor experts to help you outperform the competition. We build gearmotor solutions for challenging applications.

info @ bodine-electric.com | 800.726.3463

bodine-electric.com

Solved.


The linear motor table, which initially was incorporated into Lasik eye

surgery systemsfocusing optics and lasers on the eyehas a level of

precision that is also good for other applications.

That challenge also led to the development of a line of precision

positioning tables that meet the requirements of liquid-crystal related

equipment, measuring instruments, assembling systems and material

transfer equipment.

The design teams Linear Motor Table is powered by an ironless core

linear motor. This smooth, non-contact drive system prevents force ripple

(attraction force or cogging), unlike an iron core motor. Designed for high

speed positioning, the linear motor tables allow speeds up to 2,550 mm/

sec. A compact, lightweight aluminum alloy enclosure houses a linear

encoder that precisely positions down to 10 nm resolution. DW

NB Corp. nbcorporation.com


In this image we see technicians working in the Motion Systems assembly area and cleanroom.

www.designworldonline.com March 2016 DESIGN WORLD 35

www.fixtureworks.net

ONE-TOUCH FASTENERS.

Quarter turn fasteners replace a nut and bolt assembly

Attach fixtures, plates, machine covers and more with moderate clamping force

Ideal for frequent set ups

Call us at 888.794.8687 or visit us online for ordering, specs and CAD files.

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LOW EXOTHERM UPON CURING


While most bike enthusiasts have come to know Vance & Hines for its exhaust systems, the riding community also knows the company for its Fuelpak FP3. This aftermarket

motorcycle part is the most capable and cost-effective fuel management system currently

available for Delphi-equipped Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

This modification can impact fuel economy and performance as it alters the air/fuel ratio,

causing the bike to run much leaner. Our classic Fuelpak devices solved those issues. With the

new FP3, we added functionality like increased horsepower, quicker throttle response, and

increased fuel efficiency, said Larry Hinds, manufacturing manager at Vance & Hines.

As the current generation of fuel management systems neared end of product life, demand

grew for a solution with exciting new feature sets. The challenge for Vance & Hines then

became how to optimize fuel economy and upgrade the user interface.


D e s i g n N o te sEdited by: Mike Santora Associate Editor

Pushing performance and fuel management

The smartphone integration gave us the ability to not only fix perfor-mance issues, but also enhance the rider experience. That meant the FP3 would use Bluetooth technology and more robust, complex PCBs, said Larry Hinds, manufacturing manager at Vance & Hines.


Vance & Hines had the idea of linking the

FP3 with the users smartphone over Bluetooth

to provide a more dynamic interface.

The smartphone integration gave us the

ability to not only fix performance issues, but

also enhance the rider experience, said Hinds.

That meant the FP3 would use Bluetooth

technology and more robust, complex PCBs.

Even though the FP3 is a fairly high volume

product, we use a just-in-time (JIT) style of

manufacturing, he added. This production


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method called Kanban, or blank card, requires a

PCB supplier to commit to a predictable production

turnaround. We set aside six weeks of board

inventory and put a card on it, said Hinds. When

we crack open that box, it signals us to place a PCB

order that can easily be delivered within six weeks.

For this, the Vance & Hines design team chose

Sunstone.

In addition to collaborative prototyping services

and capacity for high volume PCB production,

communication lines were kept open at all times.

We dont feel like were sending our orders into a

black hole, said Hinds. Theres someone on the

other end who cares.

Instead of robotically manufacturing boards,

Sunstone had a thought process behind their work,

he continued. That process in its simplest form

is taking every measure necessary to ensure

quality before production begins. Anything

that can interfere with quality or performance

raises a red flag and a proactive call to Hinds

himself.

For example: A new employee accidentally

sent over some specs that called for a tin-lead

finish, rather than the silver RoHS we normally

use, he said. That anomaly raised the alarm at

Sunstone, who contacted Hinds to confirm the

unusual order. It had been made in error. That


email saved an entire production run.

The commitment is to build the right board

the right way, every time. No exceptions. For

Hinds, this meant focusing on expanding

the FP3 feature sets, not worrying about

supporting basic functions. DW

Sunstone sunstone.com

In addition to collaborative prototyping services and capacity for high volume PCB production, communication lines are always kept open to ensure every measure is taken to make certain of quality before production begins.

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Industrial Linear Motors

Optimal components for your design

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precision half page.pdf 1 2/4/2016 10:17:35 AM


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The sound of air leaking from ageing pneumatic actuatorsnails on a chalkboard for your bottom line. Sixty years ago,

when Raaco International started manufacturing plastic

drawers and mobile storage solutions in Nykbing Falster,

Denmark, pneumatic actuators were the technology of

choice for injection molding and semi-automatic welding line

automation. Weve since learned that pneumatic cylinders

are susceptible to pressure loss and leakage. This issue was

precisely the case for the company recently. With an increased

need for performance and rising energy costs, Raaco engineers

sought out electric actuators from Thomson Industries.

To help them get started, the Raaco engineering team

contacted AVN Teknik, a Danish distributor, from which it

had previously sourced industrial components. In reviewing

specifications, AVN Tekniks product specialist, Flemming

Blauert, analyzed the problem and compared actuation

alternatives.


Electric actuation helps save energy in automation applications

Lower maintenance costs

and requirements influenced

Raacos decision to switch to

electromechanical actuation.


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Electric actuation helps save energy in automation applications Raaco knew the actuators needed to

be replaced, and were prepared to pay the

cost360 per cylinder to upgrade to a newer

pneumatic actuator, or 1,800 per cylinder for

electromechanical actuators.

Using a sizing and calculation tool that

factored in the required dimensions, torque,

price of energy, ambient conditions, number

of cycles and the duration of operation, the

cost of operating a pneumatic cylinder was

estimated at 739 per year, compared to 63

for the electromechanical cylinder. Pneumatic

actuators consume more energy because

each cylinder operation requires compressors

to be operating 24/7. Also, the efficiency

rate of electrical energy for pneumatic

cylinders is only 15%, compared to 80% for

electromechanical actuators.

But energy savings were only part of the

value. Raaco chose to go with Thomsons PC

series. The PC series offered improvements in

performance, productivity and maintenance.

Raaco agreed to a preliminary test.

The test involved replacing the pneumatic

cylinder on a trapezoidal welding machine

used for fixing metal parts. Although it was not

a direct production application, it was enough

to demonstrate the speed, safety, loading and

energy saving capabilities of electromechanical

actuators.

The next step involved replacing the

pneumatic actuator controlling the arm of

a key injection molding application with the

electromechanical actuator. The actuators

function was to extend a robot arm down into

the machine to grab a part from the mold,

raise it up, move it sideways and drop it onto a

conveyor belt for processing.

Expecting a certain amount of downtime for

the transition, Raaco planned to hold factory

production for up to two days; the actuators were

up and working in a couple of hours.

Energy savings met expectations. Annual

energy costs for operating this particular

machine fell from 179 to 19. Along with

the low energy consumption came a boost in

performance. The electromechanical actuator

proved to be 3x faster than its pneumatic

predecessor, saving Raaco up to 1.2 sec for each

cycle. For every two parts fetched and placed

before, the system was now handling three. With

an average machine running 2,880 cycles a

day, this was a significant boost in productivity.

Maintenance for the electromechanical actuators

is a squirt of grease into the lubrication ports

three times per year.

There is also a safety advantage. If the

power fails while the system is in operation,

the controlling pneumatic force goes away and

the arm can drop rapidly, potentially harming

anything that might be beneath it. This is not an

issue for electromechanical actuators because

they have an electric brake on the motor. If the

power goes down, the actuator stays in position.

Convinced of the potential value across

the rest of its production line, Raaco ordered

electromechanical replacements for its

pneumatic cylinders on the whole of its

injection molding line during the next scheduled

maintenance turnaround, and is evaluating

applications throughout the rest of its plant. DW

Thomson Industries thomsonlinear.com

The PC-series

precision linear

actuator delivers

extended life,

repeatability and

quiet operation.

www.designworldonline.com March 2016 DESIGN WORLD 4 14 0 DESIGN WORLD March 2016 www.designworldonline.com

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How to avoid common coupling installation mistakes




Co u p l i n g N o te s

Initial coupling selection aside, the prevention of premature component failure begins with installation. Installing the right part the wrong way is badseems obvious. Yet, nearly all coupling manufacturers we speak with have similar tales

of installation nightmares. Mike Parzych, product marketing manager at GAM, gave us the three most common installation

mistakes he encounters.

Clean up your act Another common mistake we see is when customers do not check to make sure the shafts and bores are cleaned and free from oil to prevent premature slippage.

GAMs EASY clamp system opens up the bore slightly to

allow for installation without

damage to the coupling or

mating shafts.

Tighten Up The most common mistake we have seen is when our customers do not tighten the clamping bolts to the recommended torque values. Rather than using a torque wrench, they estimate when the correct torque has

been reached. In some cases, they do not tighten the clamping bolt enough and the coupling slips. On the other end of the spectrum, they over tighten the clamping bolt which can damage the bolt or even cause hub fracture.

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The Force is not with you The last mistake we see is often due to difficult assembly conditions (confined space) or tight shaft/hub tolerances; customers force the coupling onto the shaft, which compresses the bellows and can damage the coupling. To account for these scenarios, many couplings have the EASY clamp system which opens up the bore slightly to allow for easy installation without damage to the coupling or mating shafts.

Out of sight, out of mind One of the worst coupling installations Ive seen was for an application where the parallel misalignment between shafts was actually visible. Normally it takes a precision gauge to measure the misalignment as we are generally talking distances of 0.3 mm (0.0118 in.). So being able to visually observe the misalignment gave us a clear diagnosis. We also had some questions for Parzych about couplings when your design will likely experience large loads. Here is what he had to say: When expecting large loads for a motion system design, a few things need to be

A metal bellows was evaluated using FEA. The specific loads in the corrugation valleys of the

metal bellows are in red because of higher stress.

This means that the corrugation val

design world march 2016

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