DESIGN FOR POLLUTED AND TOXIC ENVIRONMENTSCan our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Gensler - Research

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 20162

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

BUILDINGS CAN BECOME THE

FILTER FOR THE

AIR WE BREATHE.

DES

IGN

FO

R P

OLL

UTE

D A

ND

TO

XIC

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TS

A RESEARCH INITIATIVE

UNMISTAKABLE TRUTH....

POLLUTION EFFECTS

Food We Eat, Water We DrinkAir We Breath& ULTIMATELY... OUR HEALTH

The FUTURE is dependent on our ability to use design to solve these challenges.

HYPOTHESIS 1:

72% of people surveyed said:

72% POLLUTED AIR

DRINKING WATER

SEWAGE DISPOSAL

FOOD SAFETY

CLIMATE CHANGE

9%

1%

17%

.7%

Air Pollution is the environmental issue they feel

the most affected by on a daily basis in Shanghai.

American Journal of Medicine (Garibaldi and Dixon, 1985)

81% of people surveyed listed Respiratory Illness as the primary symptom experienced in relation to poor air quality.

81%

RespiratoryIllness

FluSinusCongestion

Hay Fever,Allergies

SneezingChest Tightness

Dry/FlakingSkin

Fatigue/Drowsiness

NauseaContact Lens Irritation

EyeIrritation

I don’t know

OtherHeadache Skin Irritation

Dizziness Heartburn

19%

44%

36%38%40%

29% 27%

14%

21%

01%

12%08%

11%

26%

02% 02%

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS ANNUALLY ACCOUNT FOR $15 BILLION IN US MEDICAL COSTS

Smog Depression Professor Tian Chenghua, a professor at the Institute for Psychiatric Research at Peking University’s No 6 Hospital, said “it is scientifically proved that some types of depression are closely associated with conditions such as seasonal change and lack of sunlight.” “On days of continuous smog, I feel despair. It’s as if my life is shrouded in the cloying haze,” said the 24-year-old, who was admitted to a hospital after attempting suicide.

“I haven’t see the sun in four days!”CNN Reporter Jaime FlorCruz

Pollution can lead to:

- Decline in brain function,

- Learning disability,

- Depression Serotonin levels. A drop in serotonin, a brain chemical (neurotransmitter) that affects mood, might play a role in SAD. Reduced sunlight can cause a drop in serotonin that may trigger depression.

Melatonin levels. The change in season can disrupt the balance of the body's level of melatonin, which plays a role in sleep patterns and mood.

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 20166

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

81% of people surveyed said:

NO! They don’t have the ability to help improve outdoor air quality?

Actual survey responses.

• By Answering this survey, raising awareness around me.

• Cleaner car emissions, less coal plants.

• Do not shop often.

• Designing green buildings.

• Don’t drive a car.

• Don’t drive, don’t smoke.

• More planting integrated into

design. Reduced energy use and PM production from coal plants.

• Recycle more

• Ride a bike, use less heating/cooling at home

• Use less utilities; shower, heater, etc.

• Attend a eco organization

• Being efficient with resources

NO

YES

IF Y

ES -

HO

W?

81%

19%

•High performance/low energy buildings/environments

• By educating myself and others.

• Do not drive

• limit fossil fuel-based transportation use

• no driving

• public transportation

• stop smoking

• Stop smoking and walk as much as possible

• Walking instead of cars

• Only in that we all have a tiny part to play creating pollution so personal choice matters, even if individually you can’t do much

• More Public Transport

• Green travel , reduce the environmental pollution caused by individual

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 20167

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A MONTH

ONCE A DAY

ONCE A YEAR

53%

30%

16%

01%53% ONCE A WEEK

How often is air quality a topic in your conversations?

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 20168

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s

Late 13th Century

Late 18th to 19th Century

1936

1948

19521962

1970 1984 1990 2002 2013

2013

2014

2014

2005

2007

1990

1987

1989

1970

1975

1963

1969

1955

1948

King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.

The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the

first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.

In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.

In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.

Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.

The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.

In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.

In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.

California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.

‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.

An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.

At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.

Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.

The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.

China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.

San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.

The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.

In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.

The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.

Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.

Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.

Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.

The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.

TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 20169

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s

Late 13th Century

Late 18th to 19th Century

1936

1948

19521962

1970 1984 1990 2002 2013

2013

2014

2014

2005

2007

1990

1987

1989

1970

1975

1963

1969

1955

1948

King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.

The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the

first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.

In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.

In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.

Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.

The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.

In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.

In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.

California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.

‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.

An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.

At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.

Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.

The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.

China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.

San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.

The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.

In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.

The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.

Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.

Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.

Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.

The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.

TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201610

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s

Late 13th Century

Late 18th to 19th Century

1936

1948

19521962

1970 1984 1990 2002 2013

2013

2014

2014

2005

2007

1990

1987

1989

1970

1975

1963

1969

1955

1948

King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.

The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the

first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.

In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.

In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.

Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.

The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.

In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.

In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.

California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.

‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.

An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.

At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.

Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.

The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.

China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.

San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.

The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.

In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.

The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.

Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.

Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.

Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.

The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.

TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201611

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s

Late 13th Century

Late 18th to 19th Century

1936

1948

19521962

1970 1984 1990 2002 2013

2013

2014

2014

2005

2007

1990

1987

1989

1970

1975

1963

1969

1955

1948

King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.

The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the

first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.

In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.

In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.

Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.

The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.

In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.

In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.

California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.

‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.

An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.

At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.

Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.

The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.

China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.

San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.

The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.

In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.

The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.

Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.

Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.

Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.

The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.

TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201612

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1980 1990

CHINA

UNITED STATES

RUSSIA

EUROPE

JAPAN

Carbon Emissions from energy consumption

Billions of metric tons

8

6

4

2

0INDIA

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Mr. Obama’s pledge to China would cut US emissions by 26% to 28% from 2005 levels by 2025

Targets pledged by Mr. Obama in 2009 U.N. accord.

China’s pledge:Plan to have carbon dioxide emissions peak “around 2030”

APEC 2014 - CHINA ANNOUNCES 2030 CARBON CAP

?

THE CITY THAT’S NOT FORBIDDEN, JUST AVOIDED

-03% decline in foreign visits to China. CNTA 2014.

A report published by The China National Tourism Administration shows that in the first quarter of the year, 5.8 million foreign tourists visited China, compared with 6.04 million in the same period in 2013.

However, only 800,000 visited Beijing, a fall of 10 percent from the first quarter of last year, which resulted in the city’s total foreign exchange earnings falling to $23 billion, a year-on-year decline of 1.7 percent. Some travel services provide a list of the top 10 tourist destinations predicated on the cleanliness of the air.

13.5

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

13.2

NUMBER OF FOREIGN VISITORS TO CHINA

- China National Tourism Administration

12.912.8

13.3

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201614

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

then sometimes

BEI

JING

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201615

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

LOS

AN

GEL

ES 1940s

1950s

1990s TODAY

TODAY

TODAY

then now

LON

DO

NM

EXIC

O C

ITY

Historic Data - Particulate Matter

Part

s pe

r Mill

ion

19701980

19851990

19952000

20052010

19752015

19701980

19851990

19952000

20052010

Historic Data - Nitrogen Dioxide

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

19752015

Los Angeles

Los Angeles

Los Angeles

Mexico City

Mexico City

Mexico City

London

London

London

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

Historic Data - Ozone History

19701980

19851990

19952000

20052010

19752015

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201616

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

TREND RELATIONSHIP - GDP & CO2 EMISSIONS

Percent of Change

1970

1980

1975

1990

1985

2000

1995

2010

2005

2015

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

Change in Global GDP (Market Exchange Rate)Change in Global CO2 emissionsChange in China CO2 emissions

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201617

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

TREND RELATIONSHIP - GDP & CO2 EMISSIONS

Percent of Change

1970

1980

1975

1990

1985

2000

1995

2010

2005

2015

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

Change in Global GDP (Market Exchange Rate)Change in Global CO2 emissionsChange in China CO2 emissions

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201618

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

TREND RELATIONSHIP - GDP & CO2 EMISSIONS

Percent of Change

1970

1980

1975

1990

1985

2000

1995

2010

2005

2015

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

Change in Global GDP (Market Exchange Rate)Change in Global CO2 emissionsChange in China CO2 emissions

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201619

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201620

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

EarthVenusMercury

167° C +464° C 15° C

0.38 AU

0.38 AU

0.725 AU

1 AU

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201621

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Mill

ion

Met

ric

Tons

of C

arbo

n

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2013

Global Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201622

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Global Surface Temperature - Departure from Average

January – October 1880 – 2015

-0.5°

0.0°

0.5°

1.0°

1.5°

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

( yl

am

on

AF)

2015

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

-0.5

-1.0

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201623

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1951 – 1980

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

ecnerruccO fo

ycneuqerF

Deviation from Mean-3-4-5

Cooler than average

Average

Warmer than average

Baseline (1951 -1980) mean

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Summer Temperature Have Shifted

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

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Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1983 – 1993

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

ecnerruccO fo

ycneuqerF

Deviation from Mean-3-4-5

Cooler than average

Average

Warmer than average

Baseline (1951 -1980) mean

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Extremely hot

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201625

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1994– 2004

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

ecnerruccO fo

ycneuqerF

Deviation from Mean-3-4-5

Cooler than average

Average

Warmer than average

Baseline (1951 -1980) mean

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Extremely hot

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201626

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

2005 – 2015

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

ecnerruccO fo

ycneuqerF

Deviation from Mean-3-4-5

Cooler than average

Average

Warmer than average

Baseline (1951 -1980) mean

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Extremely hot

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201627

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

20152014two hottest years since the 2001

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

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Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

2016the hottest month on record ever

January

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

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Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

February 2016 was the 372 consecutive month

with a global temperature above the 20th century average

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

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Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

How does this relate to energy & design?

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

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Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Coal supplies 70% of China’s Energy…. Coal

combustion accounts for 80% of the chemical

compounds found in PM2.5 particulates.

60% 70%Of energy is for

commercial buildingsEnergy is from coals

Commercial buildings account for 60% of

average annuel energy demand globally.

7% energy increase is added to buildings using additional mechanical filtration.

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201632

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Commercial buildings account for 60% of

average annuel energy demand globally.

Coal supplies 70% of China’s Energy…. Coal

combustion accounts for 80% of the chemical

compounds found in PM2.5 particulates.

7% energy increase is added to buildings using additional mechanical filtration.

60% 70%Of energy is for

commercial buildingsEnergy is from coals

REPLACE

REDUCE

REMOVE

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201633

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

1. GROUND-LEVEL OZONE

2. CARBON MONOXIDE

3. SULFUR DIOXIDE

4. NITROGEN DIOXIDE

5. PARTICLE POLLUTION

The EPA calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: Ground-level ozone and airborne particles are the two pollutants that pose the greatest threat to human health.

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201634

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

PARTICLE POLLUTION CONSISTS OF A MIXTURE OF SOLIDS AND LIQUID.

PM2.5 PARTICULATES (found in China air pollution)

FINE SAND PARTICLE (Saharan particle in the States)HUMAN HAIR70 microns

FINE SAND - 90 microns

PM-2.5micronsPM-10 microns

You don’t just breath PM2.5 sized particulates....

YOUR BODY ABSORBS THESE!

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PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION

Source: Nature 514, 218–222

PM Cloud

Pollution is a combined mixture of particles both chemical and organic.

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PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION

Source: Nature 514, 218–222

PM Cloud

Organic MaterialDust consists mainly of oxides of aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, iron, and other metal oxides.

Sulfate (SO2)Conversion of SO2 gas to sulfate-containing particles

Nitrate (NOx) Reversible gas/particle equilibrium for ammonia, nitric acid, and particulate ammonium nitrate.

Ammonium (NH3) Ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH4+. The ammonium ion is vto the heavier alkali metals.

NaCl (Chloride)Salt is found in PM near sea coasts, and after deicing materials are applied. Chloride ions can be replaced by nitrate, a reaction during long-range transport.

Trace Elements (MTE) Chemicals in nature at concentrations < 0.1 Trace elements occur naturally, with variations in concentration, stemming from anthropogenic sources.

Elemental Carbon (EC) Composed of carbon without hydrocarbon/ oxygen. EC is black, called soot.Pollution is a combined mixture of particles both chemical and organic.

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PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION

XI’ANGUANGZHOU

BEIJING SHANGHAI

Composition (%)

Organic Matter

Nitrate

Sulphate

Ammonium

Chloride

Trace Elements

Elemental Carbon

Unidentified

Sources/ Factors (%)

Vehicular Traffic

Coal Burning

Biomass Burning

Cooking

Dust Related

Secondary Organic

Secondary Inorganic

广州 西安

北京 上海

成分 (%)

有机材料

氮氧化物

硫酸盐

氨气

氯化钠

微量元素

元素但

其它

来源/因素(%)

汽车排放

煤的燃烧

生物质能燃

烧

做饭

灰尘

二级有机物

Composition

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PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION

XI’ANGUANGZHOU

BEIJING SHANGHAI

Composition (%)

Organic Matter

Nitrate

Sulphate

Ammonium

Chloride

Trace Elements

Elemental Carbon

Unidentified

Sources/ Factors (%)

Vehicular Traffic

Coal Burning

Biomass Burning

Cooking

Dust Related

Secondary Organic

Secondary Inorganic

广州 西安

北京 上海

成分 (%)

有机材料

氮氧化物

硫酸盐

氨气

氯化钠

微量元素

元素但

其它

来源/因素(%)

汽车排放

煤的燃烧

生物质能燃

烧

做饭

灰尘

二级有机物

Sources

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FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution

Coagulation

New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)

NUCLEATION MODE

COARSE PARTICULATES

PARTICULATE DIAMETER

in microns

FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES

0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5

10 100

MASS VOLUME

HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION

PARTICLE COUNT

Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube

ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)

EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program

(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)

Sources:

Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY

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Condensational Growth

Coagulation

Emission of Combustion Particles (Organics, elemental/black carbon)

New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)

AITKEN MODE

NUCLEATION MODE

COARSE PARTICULATES

PARTICULATE DIAMETER

in microns

FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES

0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5

10 100

MASS VOLUMESURFACE AREA

HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION

PARTICLE COUNT

Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube

ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)

EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program

(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)

Sources:

Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY

FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution

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Condensational Growth

Coagulation

Particulate AccumulationEmission of Combustion Particles (Organics, elemental/black carbon)

New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)

DROPLET MODE

AITKEN MODE

NUCLEATION MODE

COARSE PARTICULATES

PARTICULATE DIAMETER

in microns

FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES

0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5

10 100

MASS VOLUMESURFACE AREA

HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION

PARTICLE COUNT

Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube

ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)

EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program

(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)

Sources:

Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY

FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution

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Condensational Growth

Coagulation

Particulate Accumulation

Wet Deposition

Dry Deposition

Emission of Combustion Particles (Organics, elemental/black carbon)

New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)

Mechanical/physical generation (sea salt, soil dust, plant debris)

DROPLET MODE

COURSE MODE

AITKEN MODE

NUCLEATION MODE

COARSE PARTICULATES

PARTICULATE DIAMETER

in microns

FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES

0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5

10 100

MASS VOLUMESURFACE AREA

HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION

PARTICLE COUNT

Settling

Min

utes

to D

ays

Day

s to

Wee

ks

Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube

ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)

EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program

(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)

Sources:

Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY

FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution

TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS - Inversions are layers of warm air above a layer of cooler air. Inversions block the vertical mixing and disruption of pollutants, this allows larger concentrations of pollutants to become trapped.

Schematic showing diurnal cycle of mixing, vertical temperature profiles, and boundary layer height (a) on a day with a weak temperature inversion and (b) on a day with a strong temperature inversion. In (a) the pollutants mix into a large volume resulting in low pollution levels and in (b) pollutants mix into a smaller volume resulting in high pollution levels.

0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Residual Layer

Nocturnal Boundary

Nocturnal Boundary

Nocturnal Boundary

Nocturnal Boundary

Convective Boundary Layer

Convective Boundary Layer

Residual LayerResidual Layer

Residual Layer

SUN

RISE

SUN

SET

MID

NIG

HT

21 22 231

Weak Inversions can be broken by Aloft Pressures and day time heating at the surface. Under these conditions pollutants can mix more freely and disperse.

When there is a strong inversion as indicated, the daytime heating at the surface may not be strong enough to break this inversion. Under such circumstances, vertical mixing of pollutants is weak and pollutants remain trapped at the surface for entire days. Inversion photographed from the top of shanghai tower.

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outsi

de250M

200M

150M

100M

50M

0M

Questions:- What height does the pollution get better or worse?- Can building heights impact the quality of air?- Can we open our windows as we go higher?- Potential to reduce filtration and energy load in upper levels.- Potential for increased filtration in lower levels

WE ARE TAKING MEASUREMENTS FROM DIFFERENT HEIGHT INTERVALS INDOOR AND OUTDOOR

STUDY: POLLUTANT ALTITUDE STUDY

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050

100

150

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250

PM0.5 (μg/m3)

PM2.5 (μg/m3)

PM10 (μg/m3)

Bui

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)

LOW POLLUTION DAY

-15% -44% -37%

outsi

de250M

200M

150M

100M

50M

0M

STUDY: POLLUTANT ALTITUDE - OUTDOOR READINGS

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-15% -31% -33% -27% -40% -38%

050

100

150

200

250

PM0.5 (μg/m3)

PM2.5 (μg/m3)

PM10 (μg/m3)

Bui

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eigh

t (m

)

outsi

de250M

200M

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0M

LOW POLLUTION DAY HIGH POLLUTION DAY

STUDY: POLLUTANT ALTITUDE - OUTDOOR READINGS

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Canada Mexico China - ShanghaiPM 2.5 Index

US UKUK Air - DEFRAUS State Department & epaOntario MED Mexico IMEC Shanghai Environmental Bureau

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0-15 Very Good

16-30 Good

1-50 - Good 0 -35 - Good

36-75 - Moderate

76-115 - Lightly Polluted

151-250 - Heavy Polluted

251-350 - Severely Polluted

30-50 Moderate

50-90 Poor51-100 - Regular

90-more Very Poor

101-150 - Poor

151-200 - Very Poor

>200 - Extremely Poor

12-23 - Low

00-11 - Low0-12 - Good

12.1 - 35.4 - Moderate

35.5-55.4 - Unhealthy to sensitive groups

55.5-150.5 - Unhealthy

150.5-250.4 - Very Unhealthy

250.5-500.4 - Hazardous

+500.4 - Beyond Index Beyond IndexBeyond IndexBeyond IndexBeyond Index

24-35 - Low

36-41 - Moderate

42-47 - Moderate

48-53 - Moderate

54-58 - High

59-64 - High

65-70 - High

>71 - Very High

116-150 - Medially Polluted

According to the Environmental Protection Agency,PM2.5 levels above 500 AQI are equivalent to a Forest Fire

On Jan. 12, 2013 air particulates rose to 1000-AQI in Beijing, 100 times the World Health Organization’s allowable level of 10.

PM2.510 μg/m3 Annual mean

25 μg/m3 24-hour mean

PM1020 μg/m3 Annual mean

50 μg/m3 24-hour mean

World Health Organization: Annual Maximum Exposure

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VERY IMPORTANT

SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT

NOT IMPORTANT

75%

24%

02%

75% of people surveyed agree:

Is it very important to track and be aware of current Air Quality Index?

What is the annual AQI of Shanghai and is that unhealthy?

UNHEALTHY FOR SENSITIVE GROUPS

UNHEALTHY

VERY UNHEALTHY

MODERATE

HAZARDOUS

47%29%13%10%01%

47% Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups

Shanghai’s annual AQI reading in 2015 was 53.9, listed as Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.

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5 Air Monitoring SitesTSP, SO2, NOx

14 Air Monitoring SitesPM10, SO2, NO2

200,000 Readings

40,00,000 Readings +

DATA QUANTITY

24 Air Monitoring SitesPM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, CO

Air Quality Daily Notification and Forecasting

1980s 1990s 2000-2005 2010 Now

Ozone Daily Notification

24/48 hr Forecasting

AIRNow-I system

- AQI Apps - Real-Time

52 Air Sites & 2 Super Stations- PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, VOC- Haze, Viability- Traffic Monitoring

BAM Units

DEVELOPMENT OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING - Shanghai

SHANGHAIWe Are Here

1

PM2.5 DATA COLLECTION LOCATIONS US Consulate - Hourly Data Collection for PM2.5

1. SHANGHAI

2. BEIJING

3. CHENGDU

4. SHENYANG

5. GUANGZHOU

3

CHENGDU

2

BEIJING

4

SHENYANG

5

GUANGZHOU

8761

Series1 Series2 Series3

Series2Series1 Se ries 3 Series4

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200

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TREND COMPARISON - YEAR LONG PM2.5 DATA

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30

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In-Progress - Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

In Partnership with:

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2015+

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

SHANGHAI - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection

Hottest Month Coldest Month

WHO’s Recommended

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PM 2.5

Precipitation

Temp.

Wind Rose

Series3

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2012

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2013

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Years :

Average :

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

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30

40

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20

In-Progress - Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

In Partnership with:

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2015+

2012

90

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102

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85

2013

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Years :

Average :

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BEIJING - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection

Hottest MonthColdest Month

WHO’s Recommended

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

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Precipitation

Temp.

Wind Rose

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World Health Organization:Annual Mean for Max Exposure

HOURS

PM2.

5

0

1 42 53 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 2012 16 2113 17 2214 1918 23 24

10

20

30

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60

2012 2013 2014

48 60 50

SHANGHAI - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection

Yearly 24hr Averages

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In-Progress - Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

In Partnership with:

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2015+

World Health Organization:Annual Mean for Max Exposure

HOURS

PM2.

5

0

1 42 53 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 2012 16 2113 17 2214 1918 23 24

20

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BEIJING - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection

2012

90

2009

102

2013

100

2010

104

2014

94

2011

99

Yearly 24hr Averages

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Refinement Standards:

China’s allowable sulfur level in fuel is 500% that of the US and 1,500% more than that of Europe. Many believe coal is the primary contributer to ambient air pollution, Vehicle Emissions have surpassed coal in Beijing.

Sulfu

r Con

tent

EU

<10ppm

<30ppm

<150ppm

USA CN

58% Nitrogen Oxides

Vehicle Emissions in China Account for:

40% Volatile Organic Matter

22% Fine Particulate Matter

20000

5

10

15

20

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30 Total Vehicle Sales in the Millions of Units

2003 20102006 20132001 2004 20112007 20142002 20092005 20122008 2015

Over the past decade, sales accelerated from less than 5 million vehicles in 2002 to nearly 20 million in 2012. About 114 million automobiles are now registered to Chinese residents, with ownership exceeding 1 million across 17 Chinese cities. Source: ISI Group, NBS China, CAAM

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China has 128 car owners per 1000 capita compared to -

United States 809 cars owners per 1000 capita

This means there is much more room to grow for China’s car industry and new drives.... this also means increased emissions....

Sulfu

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Beijing and broad swaths of six northern provinces have spent the past week blanketed in a dense pea-soup smog that is not expected to abate until Thursday. theguardian.com, Tuesday 25 February 2014

COMING TO A WEST COAST

Black carbon is a particular problem: Rain doesn’t easily wash it out of the atmosphere, so it persists across long distances. Like other air pollutants, it’s been linked to a litany of health problems, from increased asthma to cancer, emphysema, and heart and lung disease.

BEIJING

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24% of pollution

on the U.S. West Coast has been linked to Chinese Manufacturing. Revealed by a UC Irvine & Peking University

Maximum Daily Percent of US sulfate pollution related to Chinese export.

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Source: - World Health Organization: Figures based on the average annual particulate count for pm2.5- The socioeconomic drivers of China’s primary PM2.5 emissions, Dabo Guan et al 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 024010

This map overlays Embodied PM2.5 Emissions from Chinese exports, compared to Global pm2.5 Readings from WHOOver 60% of the PM2.5 emissions, or over 1 million tonnes, of primary PM2.5 is for export production in OECD countries. In particular, 22% or 382 thousand tonnes of primary PM2.5 emissions in 2010 are embodied in Chinese exports to North America (United States and Canada)

TRADING EMBODIED EMISSIONS FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS.

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EUROPEANUNION

382,000 tons (22%)

38,000 tons (2%)

55,000 tons (3%)

86,000 tons (5%)

358,000 tons (21%)

509,000 TONS

285,000 tons (17%)

509,000 tons (29%)

GLOBAL ELECTRONICSPRODUCTION

SOUTHASIA

EASTASIA

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

PACIFIC

TRADING EMBODIED EMISSIONS FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS.

Source: - World Health Organization: Figures based on the average annual particulate count for pm2.5- The socioeconomic drivers of China’s primary PM2.5 emissions, Dabo Guan et al 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 024010

This map overlays Embodied PM2.5 Emissions from Chinese exports, compared to Global pm2.5 Readings from WHOOver 60% of the PM2.5 emissions, or over 1 million tonnes, of primary PM2.5 is for export production in OECD countries. In particular, 22% or 382 thousand tonnes of primary PM2.5 emissions in 2010 are embodied in Chinese exports to North America (United States and Canada)

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The transport of manufactured goods across the Pacific Ocean will take at least 10-14 days from coast to coast. Ships traveling at 12 knots or less will reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by 30%.

Source: - World Health Organization: Figures based on the average annual particulate count for pm2.5- The socioeconomic drivers of China’s primary PM2.5 emissions, Dabo Guan et al 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 024010

This map overlays Embodied PM2.5 Emissions from Chinese exports, compared to Global pm2.5 Readings from WHOOver 60% of the PM2.5 emissions, or over 1 million tonnes, of primary PM2.5 is for export production in OECD countries. In particular, 22% or 382 thousand tonnes of primary PM2.5 emissions in 2010 are embodied in Chinese exports to North America (United States and Canada)

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The transport of particulates across the Pacific Ocean will take at least 04-05 days, riding west to east winds at heights of 2,000m to 6,600m. Yellow Dust is a major contributor to pollution found in the Asia region.

Pollution Migration effects the entire Asia Region

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May 2014, CNN released the World Health Organization’s list of the world’s 20 most polluted cities, all of which are in Asia & Middle East, regions where Gensler has a large stake in shaping the future of design.

China’s Pollution is a regional issue. Migrating particulate pollution know as Yellow Dust from Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and India is a major contributor to the pollution particulate found in Japan, Korea, and the US.

China is surrounded by the world’s largest polluters.

1 32

4

5

NASA SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS THE AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE ASIA .

The image below from NASA shows a reading of aerosol concentrations in the air above Asia on April 15th 2013. Satellites are now able to track and monitor major pollution, dust, and smoke events across the world and the information is free and available online.

The smoke (aerosol concentration) will block solar radiation and make the earch dead.

0.0 AEROSOL INDEX 3.0

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As a consequence of polluted skies and global dimming, Agriculture struggles to grow in both rual and urban centers. “Now almost every farm is caught in a smog panic,”

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FOOD SURPLUSES AND DEFICITS

Chinese scientists have warned that the country’s toxic air pollution is now so bad that it resembles a nuclear winter, slowing photosynthesis in plants – and potentially wreaking havoc on the country’s food supply.

China’s worsening air pollution has exacted a significant economic toll, grounding flights, closing highways and deterring tourists.

Jonathan Kaiman, The Guardian - Beijing 25, February 2014

“NUCLEAR WINTER” CHINA’S ECONOMIC IMPACT

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Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

82% of people surveyed said:

It is very important for them to have purified/filtered air in the workplace.

VERY IMPORTANT

SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT

NEUTRAL

NOT IMPORTANT

82%

12%

04%

02%

Taobao reported sales for air purifiers has risen by 293.7 percent year-on-year.

Louie Cheng, president of PureLiving China said “the company has done more proj-ects at schools in the past three months than it had in the previous three years combined”. WSJ

62 GRAMSGrams of particulates one air purifier will create per 1 hour (based on 215 watts):

PART

ICU

LATE

S

3440 GRAMSGrams of particulates one air purifier will create per 1 hour (based on 215 watts):

PART

ICU

LATE

S

16 GRAMSGrams of particulates from the creation of one watt of coal burning energy

Air filters remove pollutants from the air by consuming energy. However, energy in China is mostly

produced by burning coal, which in turn produces more pollutants. The question is, do air filters remove

more than they produce?

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201675

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

WE ARE POLLUTING MOREBy trying to reduce the effects of pollution

COB MECH Filtration = 7% energy increase.

1 Watt of Coal Energy = 16 Grams of particulate

PM2.5NOxSO2

CO2

Coal Emissions = 16% SHG Total Pollution

Society Pays for unclean energy Users

Clean Air & Circulation

Coal Power Plant=70% of China’s Energy

COB infrastructure = 60% of energy demand

1 air purifier will clean

62 GRAMS of pollutant per hour

1 air purifier will generate

3440 GRAMS @ the energy source per hour

(based on 215 watts)

CURRENT COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDING MODEL

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201676

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

WE ARE POLLUTING MOREBy trying to reduce the effects of pollution

PM2.5NOxSO2

CO2

Coal Emissions = 16% SHG Total Pollution

UsersCoal Power Plant=70% of China’s Energy

Photosynthesis will generate NO energy source .

Photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide

Water Sugar Oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O + SUNLIGHT = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Clean Air &Circulation

COB infrastructure = reduced energy demand

ALTERNATIVE ZERO ENERGY MODEL FOR FILTRATION - PLANTS DON’T USE ENERGY

No energy increase. NO energy demand

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201677

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

What describes your views of nature during the workday?

How many hours a day do you spend in your workplace?

08-12 HRs PER DAY SPEND THEIR WORK DAY WITHOUT SEEING NATURE OR A VIEW TO THE OUTSIDE.

I HAVE INDOOR PLANTS IN MY WORKSPACE, WHICH I SEE REGULARLY.

77% 54%

39%

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201678

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

83% of people surveyed said:

It’s very important to access natural outside air (non-mechanical ventilation).

78% of people surveyed said:

It’s is very important to open their window or at least have the option.

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201679

The instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems.

Forest Bathing: a short leisurely visit to a forest. It is regarded as being similar to natural aromatherapy. Studies show that patients in hospitals with fresh air and outdoor views heal faster than those without.

BIOPHILIA

70% increase in people’s alertness30% reduction in fatigue12% increase in productivitySource: Fast Company

Plants:

Asking Why:

Can plants do more for our environments other than fulfill our biphilic desires?

Are these increased percentages solely because of the biofilic effect?

Could it be the air is more clean and not because the room is more green?

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201681

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Prior to 1980s - Office Illness

Without blame to building or materials, symptoms were reported by tenants in newly constructed homes, offices, and nurseries.

2013 - Gensler - Shanghai

Employee wears a face mask when the AQI goes 500 over index infiltrating indoor. Filter sales rise 300%. The office places air filters in all conference rooms.

1986 - Sick Building Syndrome

Sick building syndrome moved quickly from media to courtrooms where professional engineers and architects became defendants.

2014 - LENDLEASE - Shanghai

Lendlease & Gensler incorporates green walls using planting which specifically targets chemicals and pollutants in the air & break new lows in IAQ.

Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Lendlease Offices, Shanghai

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201683

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

While Lendlease has seen record lows for CO2 and VOCs, planting is assisted by a mechanical filtration system.

Plants do clean the air, but the extent of their effectiveness in a real world working environment has yet to be quantified.

Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House

Additional Contributors:- Matthew Shields

- Alex Przybyla

Partnerships:

Research Leaders

Greenwall Providers

Indoor Air Consulatants

Cloud Base Data Providers

Asparagus fern

Rubber Plant

Lemon Balm Weeping Fig

Golden Pothos

Heart Leaf Philodendron Spider Plant (Chlorophytum Comosum)

Split Leaf Philodendron

Purple Waffle Plant

LEMON BALMLemon balm contains chemicals that appear to have a calming effect. According to research from Ohio State University Department of Psychiatry, the lemon scent the plant produces is described as activating and mood enhancing, reliably raising levels of norepinephrine in study participants.

Source: Fast Compant

ARECA PALM (CHRYSALIDOCARPUS LUTESCENS)Good air humidifier (a 6 foot plam can release 1L of water a day)Good at removing ammonia and formaldehyde

MOTHER-IN-LAW’S TONGUE (SANSEVIERIA TRIFASCIATA)Very effective at removing formaldehyde and benzeneconverts CO2 to O2 at night

GREEN SPIDER PLANT (CHLOROPHYTUM COMOSUM)MONEY PLANT (EPIPREMNUM AUREUM)Removes formaldehyde and other VOCsEasy to care for and fast growing

ENGLISH IVY (HEDERA HELIX)Good for allergiesRemoves Airborne Mold and feces (After 12 hours in a room, it can remove up to 78 percent of airborne mold and 94 percent of airborne feces)

GERBERA DAISY (GERBERA JAMESONII)CHRYSANTHEMUMS (CHRYSANTHEIUM)PEACE LILY (SPATHIPHYLLUM)Beautiful flowering plantsGood at removing AcetoneGood at removing Trichloroethylene benzene

Bamboo Palm (Chamaedorea Seifritzii)

Money Plant (Epipremnum Aureum)

Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema Modestum)

Gerbera Daisy (Gerbera Jamesonii)English Ivy (Hedera Helix)

Mother-in-Law’s Tongue (Sansevieria Laurentii)Mass cane (Dracaena Massangeana)

Pot Mum (Chrysantheium morifolium) Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum)

Warneckii – Dracaena “Warneckii”)Dracaena (Dracaena)

Best Plants to Clean the Air:

RHIZOSPHERE根圈

Metabolizes VOCs挥发性有机化合物的代谢

Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House

Pogostemon cablin

Cyathea australis

TRICHOMES腺毛

Attracts dust, including PM

Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House

PHOTOSYNTHESIS光合作用

Replaces CO2 with O2

6CO2 + 6H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6O2SUNLIGHT ENERGY

Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House

Syracuse UniversitySURFACEMechanical and Aerospace Engineering -Dissertations College of Engineering and Computer Science

12-2011

Dynamic Botanical Filtration System for Indoor AirPurificationZhiqiang WangSyracuse University

Follow this and additional works at: http://surface.syr.edu/mae_etdPart of the Mechanical Engineering Commons

This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Engineering and Computer Science at SURFACE. It has been acceptedfor inclusion in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, pleasecontact surface@syr.edu.

Recommended CitationWang, Zhiqiang, "Dynamic Botanical Filtration System for Indoor Air Purification" (2011). Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering -Dissertations. Paper 63.

18 the American Gardener 19September / October 2015

CO

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TES

Y O

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AS

A (

2)

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E

ed for a single plant to clean a large space such as a home or office.”

To expand upon these initial experi-ments, NASA built a “closed ecological life support system” called the BioHome at the Stennis Space Center. At 45 feet long by 16 feet wide, it looked a lot like a space-age doublewide trailer. Inside, a kitchen, sleeping area, and bathroom were flanked by a large plant room to test the ability of various species to clean recycled air and raw sewage in a closed loop.

The BioHome allowed Wolverton and his colleagues to conduct “real-world tests, as opposed to a single plant in a small test chamber.” They found that human occu-pants of the BioHome, who initially report-

ed symptoms of exposure to air pollution, could comfortably live in the unit once the plant filtration system was in place.

After NASA reported its intriguing findings, other labs began their own exper-iments. Most of these studies were similar to Wolverton’s initial Plexiglas chamber experiments—a rotating roster of house-plant species placed in small test chambers and exposed to one or two common indoor air pollutants. A glut of research published between the late 1980s and early 2000s con-firmed NASA’s findings: the concentration of pollutants significantly decreased over time in the presence of plants (and their associated soil microbes, which, as it turns

out, may actually be doing the heavy lift-ing—for more on this see box, page 21). It wasn’t long before those now-ubiquitous lists of best plants for improving indoor air quality started popping up.

FIELD TESTINGWhile laboratory tests were an informative first step, they were never meant to model the complexity of real homes and offic-es. “In science there is always a need for complementary studies in the real world and in laboratory chambers,” says Mar-garet Burchett, an adjunct professor at the University of Technology in Sydney, Australia, and a coauthor of one of the few experimental field studies testing the

effect of indoor plants on air quality in office buildings, published in 2007. “Field observations and sampling give us infor-mation on correlations between air/soil/water factors and plant behavior.”

To test plants in the “real world,” the Australian researchers conducted a series of trials in three separate office buildings over a nine-week period. Similar to the lab-based chamber studies, the researchers found that spaces with plants had significantly lower concentrations of air pollutants.

“We found that three plants per office were enough always to reduce total [air pollution] below health risk levels,” says Burchett.

CHALLENGES TO THE RESEARCH But when it comes to our homes and office spaces, do these lab and field studies tell us anything definite? John Girman, former director of the Indoor Environments Cen-ter for Analysis and Studies at the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA), says no.

In 2009, while working with the EPA’s Indoor Environments Division, Girman coauthored the first critical review of the indoor air phytoremediation research. Published in the Proceedings of Healthy Buildings, the report was coauthored with Tom Phillips, an air pollution specialist in the Indoor Air Quality Program of the California Air Resources Board, and Hal Levin, a research architect and head of the

Building Ecology Research Group, a Cali-fornia consulting firm based in Santa Cruz.

Overall, the review took issue with the small size of experimental test chambers, the scarcity of field studies, the unreal-istic treatment of pollutants, and other methodological issues. On the results of Burchett’s 2007 field study, for instance, the critique pointed out that “variations in ventilation may have been responsible for any apparent pollutant reductions,” and that individual pollutant “concen-trations did not appear to be reduced” in the study. Furthermore, it noted that the five-minute duration of the weekly air sampling was “insufficient to characterize indoor concentrations.”

One of the most glaring problems the review raised was the use of small, sealed test chambers in laboratory studies. In them, one plant takes up a larger relative

18 the American Gardener

CHANCES ARE, you have at least a few houseplants, and you’ve probably heard that they can

clean your air. If not, a quick online search will yield doz-ens of articles on the subject, and many lists comparing specific plants on their abil-ity to filter airborne toxins. Before you breathe easy though, notice that these lists don’t always agree on which species to grow and are vague at best about the science behind their claims.

What do we really know about the air-cleaning abilities of indoor plants, and how can this inform your selections? As it turns out, the situation is much more complex than growing a few houseplants and expecting them to make a big difference.

IN THE BEGINNINGOne of the first investigations into the notion that indoor plants can clean the air was conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA) in the 1980s. At the time, NASA was tasked with building an international space station and long-term air quality inside the com-pletely sealed environment was a concern.

Bill Wolverton, who was a research scientist in the Science and Technology Laboratory at Stennis Space Center, Mis-sissippi, proposed using plants as a natural air filtration system in imitation of their role on Earth. “Since man’s existence on Earth depends upon a life support system involving an intricate relationship with

plants and their associated microorgan-isms,” Wolverton wrote in the final 1989 report, “it should be obvious that when

he attempts to isolate himself in tightly sealed buildings, away from this ecological system, problems will arise.”

And indeed, problems did arise: many common building materials, such as plastics and particle board, were known to release pollutants into the air. Some of these chemicals had been linked to health problems including chronic headaches, asthma, and skin irritation. NASA scientists began studying various plants to see if they could reduce or eliminate these toxins in con-ditions simulating those in a space station.

FAVORABLE RESULTSIn the earliest studies, a variety of indoor plant species were sealed, one at a time, in Plexi-glas® chambers measuring be-tween 15 and 32 cubic feet. For a sense of scale, a 2013 Toy-ota Prius has about 22 cubic feet of trunk space. So, these chambers were fairly com-pact. After NASA scientists injected high concentrations of benzene, trichloroethylene, and formaldehyde—com-mon indoor air pollutants—into the chambers, they found

that if a potted plant was present, the air was significantly cleaner after 24 hours.

That sounds very promising, but as Wolverton, who is now an environmen-tal consultant, points out, these results should not be taken out of context. “The small Plexiglas chamber studies gave us the ability to control all test parameters and to introduce a single chemical at a time,” he explains. NASA “never intend-

clearing the air about Indoor Plants

A number of common houseplants are widely touted as natural air purifiers, but does research bear this out?

Built in the late 1980s at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in southwest Mississippi, the BioHome, shown in the photo above and as a schematic on the left, housed some of the earliest experiments testing whether indoor plants could remove pollutants from the air and from sewage.

BY AMY GEORGIANNA MCDERMOTT

From Indoor Air BULLETIN, Vol. 2, No. 2, February 1992

Can House Plants Solve IAQ Problems? by Hal Levin, Editor, BuildingEcology.com

The idea of common plants solving IAQ problems is attractive. Most people like having plants in their homes and offices and in the hotels, stores, and public buildings they visit. However, important questions exist as to whether plants can actually affect indoor air sufficiently to warrant their use as air cleaners.

Nearly everyone has read or heard a press story about how common house plants can affect IAQ. Many stories say spider plants or Boston ferns remove formaldehdye. The Associated Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA) and their promotional organization Plants for Clean Air Council aggressively promote the idea through press releases, media briefings, and other efforts.

Some scientists and interiorscapers (people who design and provide plant environments in buildings) say that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) research demonstrates the efficacy of plants as indoor air cleaners. Critics and skeptics include high-ranking officials of the EPA's Indoor Air Division. They say the research, if valid, indicates the need for huge numbers of plants to remove indoor air contaminants as effectively as normal air exchange in an energy-efficient house or in a typical office building. In this article we discuss the research promoting the use of plants, the limitations of the studies, and our own thoughts on the subject.

Advocates' Views

Scientists funded by NASA say their research shows that plants clean indoor air. These scientists and other vigorous advocates say that plants have been cleaning the earth's atmosphere for millions of years. They say that eventually their critics at EPA and elsewhere will realize that using plants is the most reasonable method for indoor air pollution control.

NASA research tested plants' ability to clean indoor air for possible use in space stations. Even before awareness of indoor air pollution increased in the early 1980s, NASA had funded research on using plants to biologically treat waste water. Biological waste water treatment technology proved effective and is used at small- to medium-scale municipal sewage treatment plants and to reclaim water for irrigation.

NASA is concerned about poor indoor air depositing gaseous contaminants on critical electronic components inside spacecraft. NASA contractors test for excessive emissions from both building materials and items taken aboard spacecraft. They even test astronauts' space suits for emissions. Chemicals depositing on spacecraft electronics can cause short-circuiting, arcing, or bridging. The sensitivity of the electronic components and the value of the space program missions have justified carefully cataloguing thousands of materials and products from ball-point pens, cameras and space suits to paints and gaskets. The testing has been so extensive that NASA's emission data may prove applicable to evaluating mundane indoor air pollution sources.

Plant Studies

Dr. Bill C. Wolverton, since retired from NASA's Stennis Space Center in Mississippi, carried out much of NASA's research. He had previously studied the use of plants for waste water treatment. He researched the effectiveness of plants in removing the common indoor air pollutants benzene, trichloroethylene, and formaldehyde. Since leaving NASA, Wolverton has continued to conduct research with funding from ALCA.

ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH PERSPECTIVES

Note to readers with disabilities: EHP will provide a 508-conformant version of this article upon final publication. If you require a 508-conformant version before then, please contact ehp508@niehs.nih.gov. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

http://www.ehponline.org

ehpAssociations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure

Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments

Joseph G. Allen, Piers MacNaughton, Usha Satish, Suresh Santanam, Jose Vallarino, and John D. Spengler

http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037

Received: 4 April 2015Accepted: 12 October 2015

Advance Publication: 26 October 2015

© NIAA 2001 — The Nursery Papers — Issue nº 2001/2 — Page 1

Pot-plants really do clean indoor air

The aesthetic value of indoor pot plants is easily seen. However, the unseen ability ofindoor plants to improve indoor air quality has never been conclusively shown or, untilnow, quantified. This Nursery Paper explains what the latest research, funded by HRDC,HSNA and associated industry bodies, has shown regarding indoor pot plants.ISSUE

NUMBER:2001/2

B R O U G H T T O Y O U B Y T H E N U R S E R Y I N D U S T R Y L E V YEDITED BY RICHARD STEPHENS. INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT MANAGER. ISSN:1326-1495

By Ronald Wood, Ralph Orwell, Jane Tarran, MAIH and Margaret Burchett, FAIH Plants and Environmental QualityGroup, University of Technology, Sydney Westborne Street, Gore Hill, NSW 2065

Why worry about indoor air quality?Most Australians live in cities, where vehicle-polluted outdoor air enters buildings and isfurther polluted, mostly by Volatile OrganicCompounds (VOCs) from furnishings, fittingsand occupants. Trace amounts of over 300 VOCshave been identified in indoor air. A 1994 CSIROreview found that air inside homes could be 5to 7 times more polluted than outside. City-dwellers spend 90% of their time indoors, soindoor air quality becomes a major healthconsideration.

Plants as decontaminators‘Outdoor’ plants are known to absorb air andsoil pollutants and detoxify them. Plants and soilmicro-organisms are used in the remediation ofcontaminated soils. Previous screening studieshave shown that some ‘indoor’ plants can reduceconcentrations of air-borne VOCs and suggestedthat the micro-organisms of the soil might alsobe involved.

The VOC removal performance of three top-selling species, Howea forsteriana (Kentia palm),Spathiphyllum wallisii var. Petite (Peace Lily),

and Dracaena deremensis var. Janet Craig wascompared. Benzene (a carcinogen) and n-hexane(a neurotoxin) were chosen as the test VOCsbecause they are common in indoor air.

Research at the University of Technology, Sydney, has shown that indoor pot plants doimprove air quality and demonstrated how this occurs. As a result, clear claims cannow be made as to how indoor plants improve air quality, and development of varietieswith an even better capacity for cleaning indoor air can begin .

Pot Plants, such as Kentia Palms, have now been proven toimprove the quality of indoor air.

Phot

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enta

ls

PLANT-BASED AIR FILTERSFOR FORMALDEHYDE REMEDIATION IN FEMA TRAILERS

By:

B. C. “Bill” Wolverton, Ph.D.Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc.

514 Pine Grove Road Picayune, Mississippi 39466-9042

Tel. 601.798.5875Email: bcwolverton@wolvertonenvironmental.com

Website: www.wolvertonenvironmental.com

September 2010

PLANT-BASED AIR FILTERSFOR FORMALDEHYDE REMEDIATION IN FEMA TRAILERS

By:

B. C. “Bill” Wolverton, Ph.D.Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc.

514 Pine Grove Road Picayune, Mississippi 39466-9042

Tel. 601.798.5875Email: bcwolverton@wolvertonenvironmental.com

Website: www.wolvertonenvironmental.com

September 2010

201519891992

2001

20102009

2012

NASA studies plants affectivety to clean air using small dynamic testing chambers and discovers the importance of microbi-als in the plant soil for removing VOCs

Hal Levin’s critique questions plants ability to clean the air when scaled up from small chambers to larger spaces.

Filter method relies on charcoal based soil and fan driven air circulation. This method will weaken & kill plant roots over time.

While Kamal Meattle’s studies are “real world” Meattle’s air filering strategy still uses some mechanical assistance and can not truly be called a passive air filter.

While the DBFS is proven to work in this instance for at least 300 days... the study does not compare its effect on pollutants outside of LAB conditions nor to a control.

This study directly compares effects of CO2 and VOCs in various controlled work environments, but does not account for the impact of planting.

Lab tests revealed that microbials in soil which had been potted could re-move VOCs without the plant present in the soil, but could not over time.

Gilman believes to scale the NASA project up to real life condition for home or office one needs 5 plants per meter squared.

“More research is needed to determine how much of a difference indoor plants make to air quality, but growing a diverse array like in this living wall most likely has some positive effects.”

Previous Research

1 This study uses no other filtration method other than planting.

2 This study also uses a control room as a baseline for a 1:1 comparison.

3 This study occurs in a active real world work environment... not a lab.

Why is this study different?

400 400

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1300

NUMBERNUMBERNUMBERNUMBER

B&W P

500w

600d

B&W PLOTTER

1400X1000

B&W P500w600d

COLOR COPY/SCAN1500mmW

B&W P500w600d

COLOR PRINT

B&W COPY

SERVER

COLOR PLOTTER

SCANNER

CONTROL

SCREEN AND

KEYBOARD

FAX

PS

PAPER CUTTING

SCANNER

1750

1400

27 SQM

�11

00

�900

2250

46" TV

600785

4236

46" TV

4095

600

2000

750

LIBRARIAN DESK

1000

400

900

DETAIL WORK IN PROGRESS

TEACHER

650

3440

3600

7600

3551

1314

1141

LT-4

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LT-2

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LT-6

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HR

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HR

HR

LT-1 LT-13

(E)VENT

02

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02

02

02

01

01

01

03 04

0403

Research Site:

ROOM - 1

ROOM - 2

GREEN ROOM

CONTROL ROOM

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201692

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

400 400

250

1300

NUMBERNUMBERNUMBERNUMBER

B&W P

500w

600d

B&W PLOTTER

1400X1000

B&W P500w600d

COLOR COPY/SCAN1500mmW

B&W P500w600d

COLOR PRINT

B&W COPY

SERVER

COLOR PLOTTER

SCANNER

CONTROL

SCREEN AND

KEYBOARD

FAX

PS

PAPER CUTTING

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1750

1400

27 SQM

�11

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�900

2250

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LT-1 LT-13

(E)VENT

02

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NUMBERNUMBERNUMBERNUMBER

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1400X1000

B&W P500w600d

COLOR COPY/SCAN1500mmW

B&W P500w600d

COLOR PRINT

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1750

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1000

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Conference Room Comparisons:

Green Room = 20.8 M2 Control Room = 20.6 M2

Description TVOC (with living wall) TVOC (without living wall)

Unitis mg/m3 mg/m3

Ambient 0.016 0.096

Marker 2.74 2.93

Carpet 0.004 0.08

Cabinet - 0.1

Plastic Bag - 0.18

Living Wall Fabric 0.18 -

Living Wall Soil 0.12 -

Room 1: GREEN ROOM

Room 2: CONTROL ROOM

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201695

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

At the time monitoring installation Ambient TVOC, PM2.5, and CO2 reading of both rooms were takenMonitors for TVOC, PM2.5, and CO2 reading in both rooms

INSTALLATION & AMBIENT READINGS:

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201696

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Measurement Limit Baseline:

CO2

1000ppm (ASHRAE)

TVOC

0.5 mg/m3 (LEED)

PM2.5

35μg/m3 (EPA)

TEMPERATURE

20oC - 24oC (OSHA)

HUMIDITY

20%-60%(OSHA)

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201697

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

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4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

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4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

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3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

DATA SUMMURIZING (MARCH - MAY)

Week Selected: May 8th - May 14th

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201698

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 201699

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016100

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016101

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016102

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

DATA ANALYSIS - CO2

Design For Polluted And Toxic EnvironmentsFirmwide Research Projects FY 2016

CO2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0:00

1:00

2:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

Chart Title

Series1 Series2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

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HUMIDITY

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GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM

WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016103

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

Qlear Dashboard:

The Qlear Dashboard allows us to monitor and track both study location in real time and down load the data for further analysis.

Holiday Work Week

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016104

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

FEB MAR0

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MONTHLY CO2 AVERAGES & GREENWALL REFLECTIVITY

MonthlyAverages Greenwall Efficiency

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016109

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

TWO HOUR CONTROLLED MEETING STUDY

The same three participants spent two hours working in each study environment, the data above shows two hours before the participants entered the room & the amount of time following the study that it took for each room to off-gas the CO2 occurred from the three participants.

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ASHRAE - Acceptable Limit

Impaired Decision Making

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Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016110

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

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GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD

DATA ANALYSIS - PM2.5

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18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

0

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0 015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016111

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD

DATA ANALYSIS - PM2.5

May 11th

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016112

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

TVOC

Series1 Series2

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

TVOC

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD

DATA ANALYSIS - TVOC0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

0

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

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9:00

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:00

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:00

0:00

9:00

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0

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

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65

70

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016113

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

TVOC (mg/m3)

TVOC SPIKE - ROOM OVERLAY

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016114

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

weekly

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD

DATA ANALYSIS - TEMPERATURE

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:00

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0:00

9:00

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03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

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0

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

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120

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9:00

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0012

:00

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:00

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:00

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:00

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:00

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:00

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

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01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

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:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

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022

:00

7:00

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01:

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:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

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:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

0

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

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03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

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03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

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03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0 015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

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:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016115

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22

3/223/23

3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2

4/34/3

4/44/5

4/64/6

4/74/8

4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25

4/264/27

4/284/28

4/294/30

4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10

5/105/11

5/125/12

5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD

DATA ANALYSIS - HUMIDITY

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

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0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

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0012

:00

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:00

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9:00

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0012

:00

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:00

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0012

:00

21:0

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0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

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0015

:00

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9:00

18:0

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:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

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:00

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0015

:00

0:00

9:00

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:00

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0015

:00

0:00

9:00

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:00

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0015

:00

0:00

9:00

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:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

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:00

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:00

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9:00

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:00

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0015

:00

0:00

9:00

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0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

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0012

:00

21:0

06:

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:00

0:00

9:00

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0012

:00

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:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

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0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

CO2

Series1 Series2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

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0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

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0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

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0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

019

:00

4:00

13:0

022

:00

7:00

16:0

01:

0010

:00

19:0

04:

0013

:00

22:0

07:

0016

:00

1:00

10:0

0

TVOC

Series1 Series2

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0 015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

03:

0012

:00

21:0

06:

0015

:00

0:00

9:00

18:0

0

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016116

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0

5

10

15

20

25

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

TVOC

Series1 Series2

2121.5

2222.5

2323.5

2424.5

2525.5

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

CO2

Series1 Series2

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONING

HOURLY DATA TREND - WORKDAY

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016117

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONING

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

PM2.5

Series1 Series2

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

TVOC

Series1 Series2

23.824

24.224.424.624.8

2525.225.425.6

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

TEMPERATURE

Series1 Series2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

HUMIDITY

Series1 Series2

0100200300400500600700800900

0am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12am 1p

m2p

m3p

m4p

m5p

m6p

m7p

m8p

m9p

m10

pm11

pm

CO2

Series1 Series2

HOURLY DATA TREND - WEEKEND

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016118

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18

1

2

PM2.5

0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2

1

2

TVOC

24 24.2 24.4 24.6 24.8 25

1

2

TEMPERATURE

44 46 48 50 52 54 56

1

2

HUMIDITY

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1

2

CO2

GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM

GENERAL COMPARISON

Design For Polluted And Toxic EnvironmentsFirmwide Research Projects FY 2016

thank you in-progress research

Design For Polluted And Toxic EnvironmentsFirmwide Research Projects FY 2016

Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments

Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016120

Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?

DESIGN FOR POLLUTED AND TOXIC ENVIRONMENTS

Can buildings be the filters for the air we breathe?

谢谢The Research Continues