DESIGN FOR A JOURNEY IN BEING™ANIL MITRA PH D, COPYRIGHT © MAY 19, 2023

CONTENTS AND SEQUENCE OF PROJECTS AND TASKSMINOR PROJECTS AND TASKS OMITTED

DESIGN FOR THE JOURNEY IN BEING 1PROJECT NET PROJECT FOR ‘JOURNEY IN BEING’ – Merge into ‘After the Journey’ by 2010 1

Tasks Journey; Narration – ongoing… | Presence; Feeling work; Inspiration – perennial | Placement and Advertisement – ongoing 1Task Sequence and Timeline; include Object System and Functions - current 2

Object System and Functions 2Sources 2

Task Sources: I. The Literature – Ongoing Development and Study | II. Journey in Being – Documents: Anil Mitra; Plan for Development 2

Individual through Universal Values 2Material Planning and Support 3PROJECT 1 Metaphysics: the Logic of Being 3

Task Metaphysics, Being, Cosmology, Mind, Knowledge and Action – enhancement / completion / ideas. Ongoing; formal – after phase II3Task Knowledge Foci for Journey in Being: Development, Reading and Study – Ongoing; in depth at appropriate placement 3

PROJECT 2 Dynamics: Transformation of Being 3Task Experiments in Transformation… – Immediate. Firm results: October 2005 | Journey Planning and Resources – Currently annual 3

PROJECT 3 Variety of Being: Ideas, Artifacts and Experiments

3Task Variety of Being-General: Essay for Journey | Machines and Being: Explicit start: placement / after experiments. Firm results: October 2006 3Task The Human Knowledge Project: Design and Execution – open start date 4

PROJECT 4 Action, Influence, Charisma, and History 4Task Action, Charisma, Influence, Change and History – open. Explicit start – at placement, after ‘Experiments.’ Firm results: October 2007 4Task Horizons Enterprises™ – Start at placement or immediate; explore possibilities; seek and create opportunities… establish October 2006-8 4Task Website | Document System for Journey in Being – Ongoing; study of technology and application to development at placement 4

After the Journey 5Task After the Journey: Preparation – Open Start and no End date; possibilities and ideas… the elements… 5

APPENDIX I. DESIGN AND PLANNING FOR THE JOURNEY IN BEING 5

Task Study of Design and Planning – Ongoing; further formal study at appropriate placement 5

A General Study of Design: Nature, Structure, and Process 5Design: Document Systems in General 7Design for the Journey in Being and the Document System 9Design and Planning for this Document 9

APPENDIX II. KNOWLEDGE FOCI FOR JOURNEY IN BEING: READING AND STUDY 9

Introduction: objectives and plan 9Philosophy 9History 14Symbol 14Art, Myth and Religion 14Healing 15Science 16Other Elements of the Western Tradition 16Other Traditions 16

APPENDIX III. WEBSITE DESIGN TECHNOLOGY 17Task Study Website Design | Apply the Principles of Design to the Journey in Being Site – At placement 17

Copyright and Most Recent Update 17

JOURNEY IN BEING: DESIGNDESIGN FOR THE JOURNEY IN BEINGIt is important to remember the beauty and the sacrifice – wonderful and hardDesign for the Journey in Being presents the current completed design – which includes the plan – for the Journey. As a preliminary, it is useful to consider the process of designing and planning; this is done in Appendix I. Design and Planning for the Journey in Being

PROJECT NET PROJECT FOR ‘JOURNEY IN BEING’ –Merge into ‘After the Journey’ by 2010

A project is a coherent area of action; tasks are the actions

Tasks Journey; Narration – ongoing… | Presence; Feeling work; Inspiration – perennial | Placement and Advertisement – ongoingThe Journey Itself and its Phases: Knowledge and right realization of all and ultimate being

‘As far as knowledge and ideas are concerned, I must again turn away from what clarity of vision I have experienced and toward intuition and diffuse light to sense and seek what further truth there may be’

Blue-print: Design for a Journey in Being | What’s New | New Ideas | Foundation | ‘Whereof one cannot speak…’ | Short FoundationProject Essay for Journey in Being – formal continue date is open; casual work continuesJourney in Being | Prologue | New Ideas | Foundation | ‘Whereof one cannot speak…’ | Short Foundation

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Combine the documents above – including ‘blue-print’ into at most two: Foundation and JourneyList and develop research topics. The above links contain various topicsProject Presence and Feeling work; InspirationSee Journey and variable needsProject Placement and advertisement for my abilities, phases of the journey, and support – immediate and ongoingPlacement – also see variable needs: for my abilities and journey phases especially experiments and nature living / $ / inspiration-retreat / network / time – retire, sell program, year off, grant, academic work including UC, CSUAdvertisement is essential

Task Sequence and Timeline; include Object System and Functions - currentSequence: see contents… and New Ideas | Foundation | ‘Whereof one cannot speak…’ | Short FoundationProject Purpose, Structure, Dynamic Foundation and DesignPrimary reference: Journey in Being; the program for the Journey in Being is defined thereOn Design | Design of Document SystemsValues | Needs

Object System and Functions Journey = Object system:= Time x Object; Object = need,

value; action – function, process; objective, goalRetreat Wild, home; inspiration / grounding /

insight / ideas; identify, resolve problems

Design Design

Research / learning

Study – search and research of fundamental works: sources; conceptual exploration and experiment: concept formation, synthesis; understanding, explanation, prediction – pattern, law, theory; review and criticismLearning has an inner or intuitive aspect and an outer or object-related aspect that are interwoven. Object-related aspects occur directly through experience and accounts: informal and private, public – spoken and recorded i.e. electronic, printed… The literature is primary [original, monograph…] secondary [compilations, texts…] and tertiary [bibliographies, guides, guides to guides…]

Exploration / experiment

Direct perception, transformation: section – Experiments in Journey in Being; empirical search – including scientific experiment

Publication Writing, publishing – print, Internet, other network; see Website, Documents, Site plans, Document Design

Service Services; resources – knowledge base; consultation; Shared Action, section Action, Charisma and History in Journey in Being

Table 1 Journey Functions

SourcesThe main sources are the general literature and personal

Task Sources: I. The Literature – Ongoing Development and Study | II. Journey in Being – Documents: Anil Mitra; Plan for Development

Project The Literature General sources on this site

The BibliographiesUseful LinksKnowledge Foci for Journey in BeingHuman Knowledge Project

Research: print, electronic; star approachProject The Essays and other Documents: Anil MitraInternet: Website for Journey in Being and other index*.html pages | Site-Map | and Desig – current document | What’s New | New IdeasMain essay: Journey in BeingSupporting documents and reference: see the Site-Map. Combine Useful | Action | and Additional linksProject Document Development May 19, 2023Currently, primarily in New Ideas

Casual developmentThe Fundamental Problem of Metaphysics – possible essay; casual because superseded by Journey in Being; still interestingLinguistics – basis of possible essay: the present version is essentially the Britannica article and cannot be uploaded as suchSlide show – new version for the Journey in Being site; HTML VersionDramatization of my motives as in A Conversation with God, Barranca del Cobre

Vital: May 19, 2023 No plans for new documentsCore essays: connected; hyperlinks design: no internal linksProject Hand Manuscripts and Related Items… May 19, 2023 – Minimize:Wilderness medicine

Individual through Universal ValuesValues for the journey – my values – are individual through universal which are not fully distinct either in fact or in idea or concept. Universal values as I understand them and the individual mesh and include the social and other intermediate varietiesMy personal values are activities that make my life most exciting, most wonderful and good – simply: love, ideas and nature. Universal values are considerations of and for the other – the rest of the universe; these values are not at all impersonal but are expressions of what is personalRelationships and Love – personal valuesMy daughter, love – the special love of caring and sharing “gazing out on the world, acting together,” friends, family; all being

What is love? Love comes before the question and the word; in that way it is unlike philosophy and metaphysics

Work, service and career

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Music, art…Nature

“40 Wild Places”Journey in Presence

Be present – even to the negative and in the absence of love; so be realCharisma over rule and lawJourney in Being – universal values

Principles of Being and MeaningBEING is accessible to being, i.e. all being is accessible to individual being; there are two great sources of meaning – first, enjoyment of the immediate; second in arching from being to BEING

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Ideas and action constitute the way to All BeingHere, “idea” refers to any and all experience – including feeling, perception… and conceptual thought; pure enjoyment of ideas… is important

Philosophy; the anti-philosopherI ‘do’ philosophy; and it could be said that I am a philosopher… but not in the sense of defining my life’s main thrust; I am more than that – and lessThought and reflection is one of the parts of my life… on the way to all beingI maintain: understanding and action must remain in balance for [their] existence; and not all action is bound to ideas in these ways, I am an anti-philosopherI am not an intellectual in that intellect does not determine my values, choices; I use intellectMy life has had many paths; I act more than I talk

Social ActionTheory and its possibility; ideas and actionPractice: in Action, Charisma and History, see Practical Concerns and Theatres and Platforms of InfluenceImplementation: Action, Charisma and History, see Applications and Plans; see Action… below

Material Planning and SupportDirectoryCurrent: Priorities | Constants | Placement and NetworkingJourney Short List | Objectives and Travel Plans | 40 Places: Arctic to the Tropical Deltas

In this document

Variables: Current prioritiesFrom the Organization folder

Addresses and address change | Binder list | Filing labels | Passwords

Variables: Current priorities Constants: supplies, medications and dataPlacement and Networking

PROJECT 1 Metaphysics: the Logic of BeingPrimary reference: Metaphysics | or corresponding section in Journey in Being; the program for Knowledge and Action is defined there

Note the change from ‘Metaphysics, Knowledge and Action.’ As used here, ‘Logic’ is more general than in its traditional meaning. Here it means ‘determination of the possible’ from which it is a short step to the ‘necessary.’ As used here, logic includes science, the traditional meaning of logic, and ‘knowledge’ and ‘belief’ as understood and broadened in Journey in Being; and it is another short step of generalization from logic to Dynamics of Being

Task Metaphysics, Being, Cosmology, Mind, Knowledge and Action – enhancement / completion / ideas. Ongoing; formal – after phase IIMetaphysics. See metaphysics in Journey in Being | New Ideas | Foundation | ‘Whereof one cannot speak…’ | Short Foundation. Expansion to include metaphysics / logic for Divisions 2, 3, 4Further work on possibility, feasibility and ethics of the transformations of being; review fundamentals; return to intuition, darkness, shadow and diffuse light

Task Knowledge Foci for Journey in Being: Development, Reading and Study – Ongoing; in depth at appropriate placementDETAILED LISTING OF THE KNOWLEDGE FOCI IS PLACED APPENDIX II. KNOWLEDGE FOCI FOR JOURNEY IN BEING; THIS ENABLES VISUAL COHERENCE OF THE DESIGN

The listing is selective according to:Fundamental significanceSignificance to Journey in BeingItems have not received adequate treatment in one of the

documents just notedResearch: see Object System and Functions, SourcesStudy of ideas, events and individuals will be incorporated History of Thought and Action &or History of Western Philosophy &or Journey in BeingLong term: incorporate these three documents

PROJECT 2 Dynamics: Transformation of BeingPrimary reference: Experiments in the Transformation of Being or corresponding section in Journey in Being; the program of experiments is defined thereSome kinds of experiment that – in addition to direct experiment with being and knowledge – are emphasized:

Variety of Being; machines and computationShared and Social action, society as being

Task Experiments in Transformation… – Immediate. Firm results: October 2005 | Journey Planning and Resources – Currently annualThe dynamics; dimensions of being; minimal system of experimentsHome / place-ment / nature / Journey / work: review / schedule / do minimal set, see variable needs; see, especially, Results for the experiments

Appropriate kinds of experiment for each placeDefinition of experiments; further work on The Dynamics of Being and The Nature of Limits

… and relations between the modes of being-mind [metaphysics] and dynamics / ways of becoming

Journey Planning and Resources – Currently annual

Short ListObjectives and Travel Plans40 Places: Arctic to the tropical Deltas

PROJECT 3 Variety of Being: Ideas, Artifacts and Experiments

Primary reference: The Variety of Being | or the section The Variety of Being in Journey in Being; the program for The Variety of Being is defined there

Task Variety of Being-General: Essay for Journey | Machines and Being: Explicit start: placement / after experiments. Firm results: October 2006General: review and development kinds of being and implications for possible experimentsMachines: Theoretical possibilities, theories and science of computation and intelligent machines, applications, modeling of mind, intelligence, life and beingSee: Variety of Being, of Journey in Being, especially Implementation of Objectives; Variable needs for general and machines concerns

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Task The Human Knowledge Project: Design and Execution – open start dateThe idea of an ‘Human Knowledge Project’ is somewhat ‘crass’ especially in view of my basic objective ‘Journey in Universal Being.’ Relative to The Journey in Being which is universal, open and dynamic, The Human Knowledge Project can be seen as limited and limiting… and as static. However, it is interesting, potentially useful and would be an application of computation. The computational aspect could be a simple question of sufficient storage, speed and access; or and occasion for development of powerful techniques for access and computational treatment of conceptual systems – perhaps partially databased

Preliminary RequirementsInclusions and permissions

DesignWhat to cover – texts, Internet… other networks; indexing systemsTechnical design

For the Human Knowledge ProjectGutenberg | Journey in Being – Site-Map | humanknowledge.net | Oxford Text Archive | Internet Classics Archive | http: / / onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu | Res cogitans | Also see: Useful links | Reactivate: Britannica, Britannica links

PROJECT 4 Action, Influence, Charisma, and History

Primary reference: Influence and Change | or the section Action and Influence in Journey in Being; the program is defined there

Task Action, Charisma, Influence, Change and History – open. Explicit start – at placement, after ‘Experiments.’ Firm results: October 2007Develop

Charisma – society: general, others, relations, work; also see Charisma and Patriarchalism [both in the essay, Journey in Being]

System of networking, contacts and connections over select theatres of influence – see Practical Concerns and Theatres and Platforms of Influence

Other issues from or implied by: Journey in Being | Action, Charisma and History | New Ideas

Task Horizons Enterprises™ – Start at placement or immediate; explore possibilities; seek and create opportunities… establish October 2006-8Horizons Enterprises™ | Proposal | Structure and Finance | Website | Research Management | Placement and Networking | VariablesDesign: included in the links aboveEmphasize: Value. What is done – as proof of ability and feasibility. What remains - potentialBegin: Simple avenues, plan – objectives, phases. Multi-purpose clearly defined. Unforeseen opportunitySupport: Grant, fellowship, award, work… sources and sponsors, placesNetwork and contacts

Task Website | Document System for Journey in Being – Ongoing; study of technology and application to development at placement

Document SystemThe document system / site are a part of and interact with the Journey

Document Systems Design | Source DocumentsAll documents / system

Organization and indexing | Multiple organizations, transformations and automation; use of framesOpen Text

AccessibilityMotivation; directness, simplicityLinking and search

Core / secondary documentsE.g. Website | Site-map | Core and other essays

Templates; consistencyFor standard text, formatting, automationFor web documents, frames, tables of contents, collapsible outlines, style sheets – embedded and externalCommon bannersUsing forms to communicate

Multiple documents can point to a single form; the purposes of communication may be covered by one or a few forms

Forms can be ‘free form’ or in the form of responses to specific questions

Input can be unlimited – or limited e.g number of lines or characters

Downloading fontsWebsite Now

Networked electronic document systems: advantagesAccessible, charismatic: start a simple S2 [see: site-names] site from scratch – link to S1 for details

S1 = present –first– version of http://www.horizons-2000.orgS2 = next, essential and brief versionS3+ = subsequent versionsDetails

S2 –and up– may be physically on http://www.horizons-2000.org but in a folder /S2/ whose ‘logical’ address will be a new site name…will link to S1 for details…will have two consistent formats: documents / front pages; may use common templates so that update will be simple…may use common ‘banners’ so that it will not be necessary to update the banner for each page…communicate with forms instead of direct email…modular design: what size of module optimizes manipulation of documents – editing, upload, download…

LaterS3+ = audience versionseCommerce?

Home and Site-MapFrame / collapsible outlines | straight

HomeStark – details to Site-Map?Image / streamline / colors | fontsUse, eliminate index*.html files

Site-mapStreamline Combine home page and site-map?

FavoritesFormat as document

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Combine useful links and additional links as primary for Journey in Being?

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Printed VersionThere are various reasons to have one

Where there is no network accessSome readers, editors prefer printFor travel…

Low frequency of upgradeTechnology – for Website and Document UpgradeSo as to maintain continuity, details have been placed in Appendix III. Website Design TechnologyAlso see: Networked electronic document systems: advantages

After the JourneyProject Just being – or pure being and perception… | forty places

After the Journey, my focus will be being, being itself and neither talk nor theory of being. In Journey in Being I say, “Truly, I do not know whether I will arrive or whether any being can arrive – and, so at the stage after the journey, to continue on in the Journey is to end it, to end all designs and to be open…” I mean, not that at some stage in my life the Journey will be over but that I anticipate and hope that the stage of designing and executing will give way, before death – or crippling infirmity, to pure openness

PlaceValues and objectives – in evolution

Task After the Journey: Preparation – Open Start and no End date; possibilities and ideas… the elements…

Elements of this taskA Place – belowHome – belowBuildKind of life that I wantOther eventualities

Project Energy and FinancingEnergy: see Main | Presence | Health…Financing: see Placement and Networking which discusses financing and has additional links

Project A Place – land and locationWhat I will look for

Wild nature: beautiful and lovely, economic, cultural resources. Weather and allergies. Human environment

Places that I might likeAsia / India-Europe-Africa-South AmericaEurope / France, SpainAfrica / MoroccoCanada, MexicoUSA / West coast: San Francisco, Eugene, Seattle, Bellingham, Humboldt / / Southwest: Tucson, Austin, Las Cruces, Denver, Boulder, Fort Collins / / Midwest: Minneapolis, Madison / / East: New York, D.C., North CarolinaProject Home and People

DesignLand elements: distant vision; green / waterFunctions: work, contact – nature, universal

AcquisitionBuy, rent, build; seek loan, support, partner

RoomsMain Rooms – sparse; with appliances

Room or rooms?Sun loft, opens to sound, dark and night sky, meditation… partitions, view, heat and coolingStudy including library and computer, reading space, file cabinet and electronic storage, living and meeting, kitchen with gas range / refrigerator / dishwashing / shelves – kitchen / books / tools / computer-racks, storage, exercise | sports | bicycle…, sleeping and clothes closet

Guests, M’s place

Bathrooms, laundry

Garage, tools, yard and garden, outside storage

FurnitureBeds, deck / folding chairs [2-6] for outsideTables or desks [with number of chairs] – writing [1]; two computer tables [1-3]; printers / scanner / paper; materials in progress [1]; current reading [1]; bills [1]; kitchen [2 or 3 stools]; dining [4?]; coffee [sofa, 2 chairs]; approximately 5-6 night / small; outside [2]Additional shelves, storage, cabinets, closets – outdoor gear; cd, tape, radio, video, photography; laundry hamper; tools, firewood; storage space

TruckSee Short List

APPENDIX I. DESIGN AND PLANNING FOR THE JOURNEY IN BEINGDesign refers to the process also and is design, designing and planning

The preliminary design for Journey in Being is complete, above; the process is discussed below in

Design for the Journey in Being and the Document System Design and Planning for this document

The major focus of this division is on design itselfDesign: Nature, Structure, ProcessDesign: Document Systems in General

Task Study of Design and Planning – Ongoing; further formal study at appropriate placement

A General Study of Design: Nature, Structure, and Process

A design is a concept –picture, formulation– of a means to an end. When no feasible means is evident, a process may be required to come up with a design. The process may be referred to as the design process – as designing. ‘Design’ is used to refer to a completed design and to the process of design – the designing. If the meaning is not clear from the context, ambiguity can be avoided by being specificThe process of design may require ‘problem solving’ which includes imagination and creativity as well as established methodology. In general there is no established method that invariably results in a ‘solution’ or design. Not all problems have solutions let alone feasible ones. Most often, there may be many kinds of solution and for each kind a range of parameters that are valid designs. In this case, the freedom may be used to

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incorporate factors that were not present in the original process – or to enhance the consideration of factors

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originally present. Thus if a design is based on functional considerations, esthetic or environmental considerations may be introduced or enhancedThere is a distinction functional vs. systems design. Function is purpose – the designated end. Functional design is the translation of a sense of problem or need into a well defined function. Systems or object design is coming up with an actual system or design that realizes or satisfies the function or purpose. Performance is quantitative or qualitative specification that may apply to function and to system. Design considerations are those that are or should be taken into account in the process of design; they include but are not limited to conditions specified in function and performance. Some design considerations are specific to the particular design e.g. mechanical considerations for a mechanical system; others are more general that pertain to a number of kinds of design e.g. esthetic and economic. In the evolution of a design or a particular field of design, new design considerations may be recognized or emphasized; environmental, ethical and safety concerns, always present, received explicit emphasis in many fields of design in the second half of the twentieth century; of course, talking about ethics does not imply ethical intent and may hide lack of ethical intentDesigning is the process, including adaptation, modification, synthesis of new / existing systems, of coming up with a design that satisfies the design considerations. Generally, under a patriarchal – established – system, synthesis of new elements is the exception and standard elements are selected and adapted to the purpose at handDesigning may include synthesis, modeling, analysis, experiment, building of prototypes and evaluation; the process is iterative. In the long term, coming up with new kinds of design consideration is part of designMode of representation and of analysis for systems design may be pictorial, symbolic, conceptual-theoretical, quantitive, numerical. In some sense, all modes of representation are ‘pictorial.’ Alternatively, analysis may be replaced or complemented by experiment and prototype building and testingIn optimal design, a special case of design, one –or more– design consideration is of the form satisfy this consideration as best as possible subject to the remaining considerations which are specified. As examples, one wants to minimize the weight of hiking gear, and industry often wants to maximize its profits. If more than one consideration or criterion is optimized, the approach to optimization is generally non-unique – unless there is a way to reduce the multiple criteria to a single one e.g. by introducing a common measure for some criteria and replacing the others by constraints. There are various approaches to optimization subject to multiple criteria e.g. Pareto optimization that was originally developed by V. Pareto for economic optimizationOften, the object of design is a process or a system process. In this case, optimization is generalized to optimal controlComplex projects or systems are made up of sub-systems and the systems design of the system itself, various levels of sub-system and down to individual components may be iterative. At each level, the approach may be, first, to use standard ‘designs’ and, then, to attempt to synthesize i.e. create new elements. The process of synthesis is a ‘design in itself’As far as design is evolutionary it does not end with the analysis or prototype building and testing. Production, maintenance systems and further evalution and re-design close the loopA plan is a sequence of steps, a process, to achieve the design. Planning is the process of coming up with the plan. [Thus, planning is a form of design.] Preparation and maintenance, rather, preparing and maintaining, have to do with needs rather than the fundamental objectives. Preparing is taking of preliminaries etc. before implementing the plan; maintaining: doing maintenance needs. There is a practical distinction between preparation and maintenance but the distinction may

break down and the terms may be used somewhat interchangeablyPlanning is itself a systems process and may also be subject to design. In this case, the problem of allocation of resources to design and planning versus e.g. the system being designed versus production… is a problem in optimization or optimal controls. Such problems may be, analytically, extremely complex and various simpler approaches to approximation are used: first, established institutions and practice, second, e.g. the use of Herbert Simon’s recognition of bounded rationality and the use of the concept of satisficing behavior – the term ‘allocation of resources’ is also due to SimonThese various concepts and terms, especially ‘plan,’ ‘planning,’ ‘design,’ ‘designing,’ ‘means’ and ‘ends’ are not completely distinct in the variety of their usesI am concerned with the process: designing and planning as it includes forming and achieving objectives and values. As noted earlier, ‘design’ has more than one use and may refer to a design or a plan, to the subject of design, to the concept of design or of planning, or to the processes of design and planningThe purpose of the introduction of the foregoing ideas: as a record for further use; recognition of the complexity and concepts for design; and to note that systematic design must occur within a ‘paradigm’ or stable system e.g. a stable and developed society. The history of development of Journey in Being implies the existence some stability and to that extent there is some formal design; however, not only due to resource limitations but also due to the intent to approach all being there is a need to press on and this is not different than actual insititutional situationsOverheadOverhead is the institutional structure, physical plant, system of support and maintenance within which design, testing, evalution and production occursSome Principles of DesignThe concept of the structuring of projects is Time x Object systemMinimize self-reference; do not plan what takes care of itselfEstablish, use formal or informal measures of performance; and means of time x resource assignmentProblem of focusFormulating Purposes

PreliminaryPreliminaries may be implicit and suppressedE.g., the purpose of the Journey is realization of the potential of being

Purpose; ValuesIn “the purpose of life,” purpose = value [, priority]In “my purpose is to do…” purpose = objective, goalValues are direct or contextual

Conceptual picture or foundationSee Foundation | ‘Whereof one cannot speak…’ | Short Foundation]

Objectives or Function Includes [re-]formulating and [re-]cognizingThis applies, also, to the preliminaries abovePreliminary DesignWhat are the elements of the design?

Allocation of resourcesHow much of the total resources will be spent on design…and on preparation and maintenance within the design itself?

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DesignWhat concrete actuality, will achieve the objectives?Minimizing the phases, needs, sub-objectives and tasks

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Design for performanceEstablishing design considerations

Sub-Systems Design [organization]The main system is made of interacting sub-systems that may be treated as black boxes in preliminary / main designHence the efficiency of teams and need for interactionAnd so on down to individual components; some level may be regarded as purchased / given; system -> sub-system design is iterative

Systems analysisIn Journey in Being, the objectives are knowledge and realization of ultimate being, sharing and communicating; this is the main ‘system’

The subsystems are the paths – in interaction:The elements of knowledge and thought that constitute the

metaphysical foundation and cognitive transformationThe experiments in the transformation of beingThe experiments with the variety of being; and social

influence and action, andThe range and development of these phases

Overhead includes various tasks of inspiration, preparation, design, personal supportThe phases or sub-systems are means and intermediate ends

The following considerations arise:What are my personal needs?What are the financial needs for the journey?What are the needs for study and development of

metaphysics and other disciplines?What is a minimal but complete set of experiments in

transformation?Understanding the variety of being and developing instances

of machine beingCommunication, charisma, sharing – general and

institutional; use of the patriarchal systemHow do the parts mesh?

The design and implementation are in process and there are significant accomplishments – above, in the essay Journey in Being and the Horizons Enterprises website

Automation and UpgradeUpgrade is enhanced by modularity which is natural though not completeMaintenance merges into upgradeBeyond ‘life-cycle’ includes review of all levels including purposeRepetition leads to the possibility of automation which is enhanced by modularityAutomation is valuable in various ways:

Eliminating repetitive labor, butEspecially in 2nd order automation – automation of

automation with its potential for machine intelligenceAutomation does not eliminate the need to face darkness or ignorance and, by blind trial, enter into a new dimensionPlanning, Sequencing and TimeliningOf course, at design time, planning is not altogether avoided but, after design, it becomes explicitA plan is a set of sub-objectives and tasks formulated to achieve objectives[Necessarily, planning and designing merge

Omitting sequencing and timelining from initial planning is convenient]

Task definition: the first step in planningDefine the tasks. ReduceNormalize tasks i.e. [as far as possible or reasonable] make the tasks rational, simple, and distinct

Sequencing and Timelining: PreliminaryThe object to be sequenced:

Time x Object System; times may be written as date, period or interval, ongoing, open, unknown… or uspecified

The process of achieving objectives is, generally, sequential-parallel over sub-objectives and sub-systemsParallelism arises from interaction among objectives / systems and among objectives and process…and is essential due to implicit objectives

Constants…recur at regular / irregular intervals e.g. daily, yearly, every five years… or are a one time event

Variables…arise as needed; as they arise they may be sequenced, timelined

Sequencing and Timelining Tasks and ObjectivesFormal: tentative sequence of first level sub-project tasks with dates

May use Set; need Seq MacroInclude preparation, maintenance, coordination [projects,

teams]May be informal: repeat for sub-systems at desired / needed degree of levels

ReviewDesign is iterative, evolutionary; return to consideration of the design project at all levels of review as neededThis may be done systematically / periodically &or as the occasion arises or is needed or imperativeDesign: Document Systems in GeneralGeneral Design ConsiderationsNetworked versus print or manuscript – or bothAccess: browsing linked organizations[s;] search; by reference to markers e.g. page numbers or other means of indexing e.g. indexes and tables of contentsSingle versus multiple renderings: especially for modular documents in electronic networking; automatic re-organization

Organization Conceptual organization: by concept, by flow of ideas, journal

or narrativePhysical organization: linear, random, multidimensionalIndexing – single or multiple

Objects to be indexed: concepts, ideas and subjects, names, keywords

Kinds of index: conceptual – table of contents; physical arrangement; subject, name or keyword index arranged alphanumerically, by time, by frequency of use or access by a search mechanism

A table of contents corresponds to an organization shceme, frequently a conceptual scheme that is the basis of physical organization. However, often multiple conceptual organizations are possible and therefore multiple physical organizations – renderings – of the same material or

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multiple tables of contents for the same physical organization

The Open Text Open text; general concept of the text: open/dynamic; the significance of the open text idea is that texts, authors and readers are in mutual evolution; multiple authors – blurring the author-reader distinction; plan, vehicle and document; contains opposites; living, not just open; organicMinimalism vs. presentational formSee Generic TextModularity

WhyWith large systems, for both print and electronic forms, modularity makes management efficient for

…conceptual treatment and research; writing, editing, co-authorship, upgrading; distributing; physical management e.g. handling and storing; access, reading, purchasing, uploading / downloading

PrinciplesModules cover the total concept, are relatively disjunct and may be made according one of a number of schemes

Schemes of choice are conceptual then time sequentialOrganization / listing may follow scheme[s] e.g. from General

Design Considerations, aboveHow many documents or modules? Balance the value of modularity, above, with the following considerations:

A large number of modules makes for fragmentation… compounds problems of cross-reference…compounds physical management i.e. there is a balance to

be obtained between the unwieldy aspects of a large single document and of a large number of modules

The Structure of the Modular SystemThe following arrangements are possible:

Separate modules with / without main document that may have overview, outline, index

Additional primary documents for levels of sophistication / understanding; or for communication

Frames / no frames – in the case of html and other electronic documents

Use of Multiple Principles of OrganizationMultiple organizations in a single rendering may lead to effective use / understanding and promotes theoretical / conceptual advanceA single rendering may have multiple organizations by supplementing the actual scheme by alternate tables of contents of indexes

Multiple RenderingsIt may also be useful to have multiple renderings, each with one or more principle[s] of organizationThis may be unwieldy if in a single printed volume or single web pageAdvantages of PrintPrint – or manuscript – is necessary for any text based information [contrast: oral] where electronic technology is unavailable or cannot be afforded

In societies where electronic technology is not widespread, print is the only means for distribution of text

Most commonly, electronic documents are distributed from a single copy on a server to readers or users over a network; the use of networked information requires centralized server technology, network technology in place and reading devices. An advantage of networked information is

interactivity and this requires the reading devices to be more than passive. Even in societies where these technologies are generally in place, there are places and occasions where they are not or where print is preferred. An electronic alternative to networking is the electronic “book” which also requires technology and a power supply

Some editors and publishers prefer print; and many persons continue to prefer print and hand manuscripts for reading or research and for writingGetting a work published in print continues to be a benchmark of achievement since, at minimum, there are editorial and economic criteria that must be satisfied. Additionally, printed work is subject to criticism which, to some extent, marks successIn a number of ways and situations print is more robust, less perishable and more economicalPreferences: Printed or Electronic DocumentsWhile there is a whole culture dedicated to computation and while some readers, users, producers continue to prefer print my experience is as follows

Computers were introduced in my youth and I used them in technical applications. From 1985 till 1997 I had no need to access to computation and my writing, reading and studying was done with manuscripts and print. By 1997, when I bought my first computer, the industry had undergone the transition to GUI – graphic user interface – based use. Since that time I have used Windows based computers extensively for production, web-authoring and to develop custom automation with programming. While I continue to use print for source materials, my writing at home is almost entirely on my Windows 2000 Professional laptop with Microsoft Office XP – I will occasionally jot down rough notes on paper; additionally I have a number of local sources e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica on my computer and, in addition, I use the Internet as a source. I have become comfortable reading, writing, thinking with a computer screen in front of me and, in turn, it is a medium that is conducive to creativity in the same way that writing can be. I continue to write on paper while traveling – especially while hiking in the wilderness; however, since I know that I will translate the paper documents into electronic form, my hand written documents are no longer as meticulous as they used to be. In the early years of my use of GUI’s I would type up my hand written documents as a journal before editing them; recently I have eliminated the middle stage of typing up a journal

Thus, I have become comfortable with the use of computers and use electronic or print according to what is available and what is more convenient according to the task. I suspect that the present or future generations might be uncomfortable with print for some functions while being generally more comfortable with the electronic medium

Microsoft Office has a easy to learn, programming environment, Visual Basic for Applications or VBA. Maintenance of the large number of documents on the Journey in Being website is laborious and I have used the html and VBA capabilities of Office to automate and make routine a number of tasks of document / site production and maintenance. Additionally, I have programmed a few knowledge tasks and have used the relational database, Microsoft Access, to suggest a conceptual result in the philosophical interface between idealism and materialism

It remains true that the storage, transmission and automation of the electronic media confers upon it highly significant advantages; my choice of electronic media is one of power and convenienceNetworked Electronic Document Systems: AdvantagesEffective storage, portability, access, transmission and management of large, evolving document systems

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Ease of production; of implementing modularity, indexes and multiple renderings – for cross study, different functions and audiences

Production includes writing, editing, multiple / distributed authoring, upgrading; modularity, indexing, re-rendering, production of link sytems

A single master local version may be the basis of the various renderings; a master version may be the basis of automated rendering

Ease of access Linking through e.g. hyperlinks:

Links can be placed anywhere in a document but are especially useful for toc’s and indexes

Links can point to a bookmark in the same document or to another document – or bookmark in the other document

...or to another site or document / bookmark in another site – web, ftp [file transfer protocol] or other

Through search programs and databases – local or network wide

Automation of function All of the above may be automated: storage, access, linking, searchSearch is by use of search programs and databases – local or network wide

An electronic search on a local network or a wide area network e.g. the Internet may point to another network or library system

Documents may be dynamic and interactiveSimulation of print and books – especially of browsing

through booksModularity

With browsers and html editors, it is easy to present a modular system as a single documentThere is the option to use frames; frames make navigation easier

Editing and presentation tools MS Word, Front Page, text editors, html and related editorsPowerPoint

Production Design of links

For documents that are to be sub-divided, as far as possible, make use external links rather than internal links

E.g. ../folder/document.html#bookmark rather than, simply, #bookmark

Test linksAutomation of document production and maintenance

The problem is of making the whole system of a number of modules, in processes that include creation and elimination, dynamically responsive to the individual aspects of the exploration and transformation; with each change to a given module, changes ripple through the systemA dynamic solution to this problem is in a number of parts

The solution meshes with other solutions e.g. the template system and minimizes duplication; solution systems may be series [nest] or parallel [independent]

An example: functions x topics matrix… the basic function x topic design and its automation is useful; macros are needed to make functions / topics representations and transform one to another

Design for the Journey in Being and the Document System

The current planning / implementation cycle for Journey in Being is essentially complete and incorporated as the design / plan. The material is eliminated, here, to permit beginning afreshDesign and planning for the Journey in Being

Document System for the Journey in BeingDual planning for the Journey and the document system is essentialPlanning for the document system has been absorbed to projects for: Source Documents and Phase 4

Design and Planning for this DocumentThe planning cycle for the document is complete and details are eliminated. This permits effective re-design – if neededSee Automation of document organization

APPENDIX II. KNOWLEDGE FOCI FOR JOURNEY IN BEING: READING AND STUDYStudy of the following ideas and individuals will be incorporated in History &or History of Western Philosophy &or Journey in BeingThe listing is selective according to:

Fundamental significanceSignificance to Journey in BeingItems have not received adequate treatment in one of the

documents just notedResearch: see Object System and Functions, SourcesIntroduction: objectives and planMuch of the following is doneLearn just enough to “close the map” by analogy then proofSources from History, History of Western Philosophy…Research topics – mine or reference to others work – that may be included:

Topics that I think are fundamental to beingTopics that support a need for Journey in Being

PhilosophyThe philosophers selected are those important for future study; History of Western Philosophy has a more complete listing

Philosophy I: MetaphysicsRound out metaphysics – includes epistemology, logic, axiology, language, theory of being; complete my philosophical educationMetaphysics of PresenceParadox, thinkability, and knowability; possibility and necessityTopics for metaphysics for Journey in Being: general metaphysics, philosophy and theory of being; kinds of knowledge, knowledge and justification; evolution, design and the absolute

Philosophy II: the Great Western PhilosophersPhilosophy, etymologically ‘love of wisdom’ comes to mean different things in different ages. Here, the tradition according to ‘History of Western Philosophy’ is emphasized. Also, I take philosophers to be those who express certain kinds of ideas in words, usually written, rather than in their livesIn following a natural tendency to emphasize recent philosophy, I might include the recent philosophers Nietzsche, Russell, Popper, Heidegger, Wittgenstein and Whitehead among the great. It has been said Russell, Popper, Heidegger and Wittgenstein are the four great philosophers of the 20 th century and each has a following who would affirm him as the greatest

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in that century. I believe that Whitehead should be included among the handful of 20th century ‘greats:’ Whitehead’s thought rises to Platonic heights and, though his style of philosophy has never found much favor in recent times, his thought includes true philosophy in contrast to being the philosophy of something as is the case for much of the writing of Russell, Wittgenstein and Popper and, to a lesser degree, that of Heidegger. Nietzsche, Whitehead, Russell and Popper are included in the Recent Philosophers, below; Heidegger and Wittgenstein and their works are treated extensively in History of Western Philosophy. Of the philosophers mentioned in this paragraph, Nietzsche is the only one I include among the ‘great’ of all timeListed temporallyBefore PlatoThe significance of the Greek period before Plato includes the origin of a written tradition of the reflective consciousness of ideas [starting with Thales,] the origin [the Eleatic School and the Sophists] and first maturation of critical thought [Socrates and his legend]PlatoThe “important” aspects [for now] of Plato are:Knowledge: Parmenides [theory of forms]Cosmology: TimaeusPolitics: RepublicA source for Plato:The Collected Dialogues of Plato, Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairnes eds., 1961The traditional order of Plato’s works: Euthyphron [Euthyphro]; Apologia Sokratous [Apology]; Criton [Crito]; Phaedon [Phaedo]; Cratylos [Cratylus]; Theaetetos [Theaetetus]; Sophistes [Sophist]; Politikos [Statesman]; Parmenides; Philebos [Philebus]; Symposion [Symposium]; Phaedros [Phaedrus]; Alkibiades [Alcibiades]; Hipparchos [Hipparchus]; Erastai [Lovers]; Charmides; Laches; Lysis; Euthydemos [Euthydemus]; Protagoras; Gorgias; Menon [Meno]; Hippias Meizon [Hippias Major]; Hippias Elatton [Hippias Minor]; Ion; Menexenos [Menexenus]; Politeia [Republic]; Timaeos [Timeaus]; Critias; Nomoi [Laws]; and Epinomis

AristotleAristotle’s works divide into [EB]Logic [Organon;]Natural Philosophy [physical - Physike, Peri ouranou – On the Heavens, Peri geneseos kai phthoras (On Generation and Corruption; On Coming to Be and Passing Away;) Meteorologika (Meteorology;) biological – Peri ta zoa historiai (History of Animals;) Peri zoon morion (Parts of Animals;) Peri zoon kineseos (Movement of Animals;) Peri poreias zoon (Progression of Animals;) Peri zoon geneseos (Generation of Animals)Psychobiological – the collective Parva Naturalia on psychobiological topics – Peri aistheseos (On the Senses and Their Objects; On Sense and Sensible Objects;) Peri mnemes kai anamneseos (On Memory and Recollection;) Peri hypnou kai egregorseos (On Sleep and Waking;) Peri enypnion (On Dreams;) Peri tes kath hypnon mantikes (On Divination in Sleep; On Prophecy in Sleep;) Peri makrobiotetos kai brachybiotetos (On Length and Shortness of Life;) Peri neotetos kai geros (On Youth and Old Age;) Peri zoes kai thanatou (On Life and Death;) Peri anapnoes (On Respiration)]Psychology [Peri psyches and the collective Parva Naturalia]Metaphysics [Ta meta ta physika]Ethics [Nichomachean and Eudemian Ethics] and Politics [Politics]Aesthetics and Literature [Rhetoric and the incomplete Peri poietikes]Descartes, ReneLe Monde [the World,] completed 1633, published 1664Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii [Rules for the Direction of the Mind; in which Descartes gave four rules for reasoning: 1. Accept nothing as true that is not self-evident, 2. Divide problems into their simplest parts, 3. Solve problems by proceeding from simple to complex, 4. Recheck the reasoning,] written by 1628 published 1701

Discours de la méthode [Discourse on Method], 1637Meditationes de Prima Philosophia [Meditations on First Philosophy in Which Is Proved the Existence of God and the Immortality of the Soul; includes Decartes’ reflections on methodical doubt] 1641Spinoza, Benedict deEthica [Ethics] written roughly over 1660-1675, published posthumously [Spinoza died in 1677 and the work was published after his death in that year]Locke, JohnAn Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, 1690Two Treatises of Government, 1690Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 1693Hume, DavidA Treatise of Human Nature, [in three books on the topics of understanding, emotion and morals,] 1739–40An Abstract of… A Treatise of Human Nature, 1740Essays, Moral and Political, 1741–42Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, 1748; a rewriting of the first book of the Treatise [which Hume repudiated as immature] with the additioin of the essay “On Miracles;” later editions entitled An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingAn Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751Political Discourses, 1752Four Dissertations, 1757Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, 1779Kant, ImmanuelCritique of Pure Reason, trs. 1929, 1951, original German edition, Critik der reinen Vernunft, 1781, rev. ed. Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1787Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics, trs. 1951, Prolegomena zur einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten können, 1783Critique of Practical Reason, trs. 1949, Critik der practischen Vernunft 1788Critique of Judgment, vol. 1, Kant's Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and vol. 2, Critique of Teleological Judgment, 1911–28, republished 1952, Critik der Urteilskraft 1790, 2nd ed. 1793Hegel, George Wilhelm FriedrichThe Phenomenology of Mind, 1807, trs. J. B. Baille, 1967Science of Logic, 1812-1816 [Objective Logic, 1812 and Subjective Logic, 1816]Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline, 1817 [Logic, Nature, Mind]The Philosophy of Right, 1821, trs. J. B. Baille, 1952Lecture Notes on Aesthetics, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of History, and History of Philosophy, written about 1823-1827Schopenhauer, ArthurOn the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason: a Philosophical Essay, 1813The World as Will and Representation, in two volumes, Volume I, trs. E. F. J. Payne, 1958, original German edition, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, 1819; Volume II, trs. E. F. J. Payne, 1958, the original German edition of Volume II appears with the second edition of the work in 1844 in which Volume I is essentially unchanged; a third German edition was published in 1859Parerga and Paralimpomena [minor works and remnants,] 1851Nietzsche, FriedrichNietzsche is treated in Recent Philosophers

Philosophy III: Mind: Nature and Map; Origins of LanguageEssays on Evolutionary Epistemology, WW Bartley III, edErnst Mayr for teleology, teleonomySearle / examples of speech acts and so on; propositions and propositional attitudes, questions, exclamations…

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Web papers on consciousness – unavailable on the Internet. For an Internet resource go to Online Papers on Consciousness compiled by David Chalmers

Philosophy IV: Recent Philosophers The following, listed alphabetically, are only those who may be fundamental to Journey in Being –and have not been treated sufficiently in History of Western Philosophy– or may make a point that I have not yet used; Heidegger and Wittgenstein are not included since they have been extensively treated in History of Western PhilosophyAdorno, Theodore WiesengrundFormost member of the Frankfurt SchoolSocial philosophy, critical theory, epistemologyStudies on Hegel, Heidegger, Husserl – in Against Epistemology, KierkegaardTexts:Kierkegaard: Construction of the Aesthetic, 1933, trs. and ed. Robert Hullot-Kentor, 1989Against Epistemology: a Metacritique, 1956, trs. Willis Domigno, 1982Bradley, Francis HerbertAbsolute idealism, ethics and logicTexts:Principles of Logic, 1883Appearance and Reality, 1893Essays on Truth and Reality, 1914Collected Essays, 1935Carnap, RudolfLogic, semantics, epistemology and philosophy of scienceNote Carnap’s second meaning of probability i.e. that of ‘theoretical coherence’Texts:The Logical Syntax of Language, trs. 1937; original German, 1934Empiricism, semantics and Ontology, in Revue Internationale de Philosophie 4, 1950The Logical Foundations of Probability, 1950Meaning and Necessity, 1956‘The elimination of metaphysics through the logical analysis of language,’ in A. J. Ayer, ed. Logical Positivism, 1957Davidson, Donald HerbertPhilosophy of mind and of languageIt is Davidson’s philosophy of mind, especially his anomalous monism, that is of importance to my analysis of mind and the mind-body issue in Journey of BeingTexts:Mental Events, in Essays on Actions and Events, 1980Frege, Friedrich Ludwig GottlobLogic, analytic philosophy, Platonist philosophy of mathematicsTexts:The Foundations of Arithmetic, trs. J. L. Austin, 1952; original German 1884The Basic Laws of Arithmetic I, trs. and ed. Montgomery Furth, 1964; 1893The Basic Laws of Arithmetic II, translations of extracts in Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege trs. and ed. P. Geach and M. Black, 1980; 1903Gilson, Étienne HenriNeo-scholastic with interests in the main divisions of philosophy and its historyMy interest in Gilson is that he was the ‘most influential’ historian of mediaval philosophy in the 20th century… and, therefore, I will undertake a study Gilson if I need to study or think about medieval philosophy or Christian scholasticismText:The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, trs. from the original French text, Le Thomisme, of 1919

Gödel, KurtGödel remains a seminal figure and, hence his inclusion here. As a result of the startling impact of his 1931 paper “Uber formal unendscheitbare Sätze der… etc.” Gödel will remain forever fascinating in the present period. However, the significance of his work may not quite be the shaking of the foundations that it has often thought to be… and this has, of course, been shown in the literatureI will undertake further study of Gödel as the occasion arisesHusserl, EdmundIncluded in this list because of the importance, especially to phenomenology and not because of an imperative to be immersed in the worksText:Logical Investigations, trs. JN Findlay, 1970, from Logische Untersuchungeng, 1900–1Kripke, Saul AaronLogic – especially modal logic i.e. the logical principles of ‘modal’ notions such as possibility, necessity, contingency and ‘strict’ implication; philosophy of language and, secondarily, of mindKripke’s interest is partly that he was a phenomenon – his first paper, a theorm in modal logic was published in 1959 when he was 19… but also because of: his clarification of the meaning and validity of modal logics, contributions to the theory of truth, analysis of the recalcitrant logical and semantical paradoxes, denial of the distinctions: necessary / a posteriori truths, naming / meaning, sense / reference… ‘Certainly, propositions can be necessary when actually so but a posteriori to a finite mindText:Naming and Necessity, 1980Lenin, Vladimir ll’ichHow can one not be interested in Lenin? Bertrand Russell once said that he regarded Lenin as the greatest man he had ever met because, quoting from Bryan Magee, who knew Russell, in Confessions of a Philosopher, 1997 “Lenin combined a brilliant mind with genius-level ability as a man of action, and this gave him extraordinary stature and effectiveness as a person. Also, he had changed the course of world history in a way few individuals ever do.”… note the modern pertinence of text, “Imperialism, the Highest etc… ,” below… because of his dynamism he is almost as interesting as Marx who I do not currently include here [if his name were to occur it would be upon a later writing]… and he is incredibly more interesting than Trotsky or Stalin, the latter whom I might include if I were writing a history of fortuitous thuggery and the former who I would include only in a sentimental moment… I will study Lenin, if at all, at a much later timeTexts of interest:What is to be done? Burning Questions of our Movement, 1929 trs. from the 1902 RussianImperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism: A Popular Outline, 1933, trs. from the 1916 RussianCollected Works, 47 vols…Nietzsche, FriedrichNietzsche’s interests were in ontology, epistemology, Greek and Christian thought, theory of values, nihilism, aesthetics and cultural theoryTexts:The Birth of Tragedy, trs. W. Kaufmann, 1954; original German, 1872Daybreak, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1982; 1881Thus Spoke Zarathustra, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1968; 1883-5Beyond Good and Evil, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1966; 1886The Twilight of the Idols, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1968; 1889The Anti-Christ, R. J. Hollingdale, 1968; 1895Nietzsche against Wagner, trs. W. Kaufmann in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. W. Kaufmann, 1954; 1895Ecce Homo, trs. W. Kaufmann, 1968; 1908Popper, Karl RaimundPopper’s interests were in epistemology, philosophy of science,

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and political philosophyTexts:The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1959, trs. of revised and expanded version of Logik der Forschung, 1934The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1945Indeterminism in quantum physics and in classical physics, in British Journal for Philosophy of Science, 1950The Poverty of Historicism, 1957Conjectures and Refutations, 1963[the next three titles are the three volumes of Postscript: After Twenty Years, in proof since 1957]The Open Universe: An Argument for Indeterminism, 1982Quantum Theory and the Schism in Physics, 1982Realism and the Aim of Science, 1983Quine, Willard Van OrmanLogic, epistemology, philosophy of science and languageTexts:On What There Is, 1953Word and Object, 1960Ontological Relativity and Other Essays, 1969The Roots of Reference, 1974Theories and Things, 1981Pursuit of Truth, 1990Russell, Bertrand Arthur WilliamTexts:A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, 1900The Principles of Mathematics, 1903On Denoting, in Mind, 1905Philosophical Essays, 1910Principia Mathematica, with A. N. Whitehead, 3 vols., 1910-13, 2 ed., 1927The Problems of Philosophy, 1912The Theory of Knowledge, 1913, pub. Posthumously in Colledted Papers, v. VII, 1984Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy, 1914The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, in Monist, 1918-19Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, 1919The Analysis of Mind, 1921The Analysis of Matter, 1927An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, 1940Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits, 1948My Philosophical Development, 1959Autobiography, 1967-9Whitehead, Alfred NorthTexts:The Concept of Nature, 1920Science and the Modern World, 1925Process and Reality, 1929, corrected ed. D. R. Griffin and D. W. Sherburne, 1967Adventures of Ideas, 1933Modes of Thought, 1938

Philosophy V: Important Works from the History of Political and Economic PhilosophyPolitics and Political Philosophy: Individuals and Major Works

Plato, RepublicAristotle, PoliticsCicero, The RepublicSt Augustine, The City of GodAquinas, Summa TheologicaDante, On World GovernmentMachiavelli, The PrinceHobbes, LeviathanLocke, Two Treatises on Civil GovernmentMontesquieu, Spirit of the LawsRousseau, Social Contract 1762Burke, Reflections on the French Revolution

Paine, The Rights of ManHegel, The Philosophy of RightsSaint-Simon, The Industrial SystemProudhon, What is Property?Marx and Engels, Communist ManifestoJS Mill, On LibertyBakunin, God and the State

Economics and Economic Philosophy: Individuals and Major Works

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations 1776Thomas Malthus, Essay on the Principles of Population l798David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy 1817Karl Marx, Das Kapital 1867-95Leon Walras, Elements d’économie politique pure 1874-77Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics 1890John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 1942John Kenneth Galbraith, The Affluent Society 1958Milton Friedman, Inflation: Causes and Consequences 1953

Philosophy VI: Recent Writers in Political Philosophy and Related Contributing Disciplines

The following are only those who may be fundamental to Journey in Being or may make a point that I have not yet used; I have used Robert E. Goodin and Philip Pettit eds., A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, 1993 in this sectionArticles mentioned above may be repeated below

Analytical PhilosophyAnalytical and Continental Philosophy are the main strands contributing to Modern Western Political Philosophy

Note that the characteristics of analytical and continental philosophy are discussed in New Ideas for Journey in Being

Popper, K., The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1945Popper, K., The Poverty of Historicism, 1957Benn, S.I. and R.S. Peters, Social Principles and the Democratic State, 1959Hart, H.L.A., The Concept of Law, 1961Barry, B., Political Argument, 1965Rawls, J., A Theory of Justice, 1971Barry, B., The Liberal Theory of Justice: A Critical Examination of the Principal Doctrines in ‘A Theory of Justice’ by John Rawls, 1973Nozick, R., Anarchy, State and Utopia, 1974Dworkin, G., Taking Rights Seriously, 1977Habermas, J., ‘Wahrheitstheorien’, in Wirklichkeit und Reflexion: Walter Schulz zum 60 Geburstag, 1973Hayek, F.A. von, Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy, 3 vols, 1982Sandel, M., Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 1982Pateman, C., ‘Feminist critiques of the public-private dichotomy’, in S.I. Benn and G. F. Gaus, eds, Public and Private and Social Life, 1983MacKinnon, C., Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, 1987Dworkin, G., The Theory and Practice of Autonomy, 1988Buchanan, A.E., ‘Asserting the communitarian critique of liberalism’, Ethics, 99 (1989), 852-82Kukathas, C., Hayek and Modern Liberalism, 1989Barry, B., Theories of Justice, 1989

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Barry, B., Political Argument: A Reissue, 1990Nagel, T., Equality and Partiality, 1991Okin, S.M., ‘Gender, the Public and the Private’, in D.Held, ed., Political Theory Today, 1991Sen, A., Commodities and Capabilities, 1985

Continental PhilosophyAdorno, T.W., Minima Moralia, 1974Adorno, T.W., et. al., The Authoritarian Personality, 1950Adorno, T.W., et. al., The Positivist Dispute in German Sociology, 1976Camus, A,, The Rebel, trs. A. Bower, 1954Derrida, J., Speech and Phenomena, trs. D. B. Allison, 1973Derrida, J., Of Grammatology, trs. G. C. Spivak, 1976Derrida, J., Writing and Difference, trs. A. Bass, 1978Foucault, M., Madness and Civilization, trs. T. Howard, 1971Foucault, M., The Archaeology of Knowledge, trs. A. M. Sheridan, 1976Foucault, M., Discipline and Punishmen, trs. A. M. Sheridan, 1977Freud, S., The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, trs. A. A. Brill, 1938Freud, S., The Interpretation of Dreams, trs. J. Strachey, 1976Habermas, J., ‘Technology and science as “ideology” ’,Towards a Rational Society, trs. J. J. Shapiro, 1970Habermas, J., Theory of Communicative Action, 2 vols., trs. T. McCarthy, 1984Habermas, J., The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, 2 vols., trs. F. G. Lawrence, 1987Hegel, G.W.F., The Phenomenology of Mind, 1807, trs. J. B. Baille, 1967Hegel, G.W.F., The Philosophy of Right, 1821, trs. J. B. Baille, 1952Heidegger, M., ‘The origin of the work of art’, 1936 and ‘Letter on humanism’, 1947, in Basic Writings, ed. D. F. Krell, ed., 1977Heidegger, M., Being and Time, trs. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson, 1967 and trs. Joan Stambaugh, 1996Horkheimer, M., and Adorno, T.W., The Dialectic of Enlightenment, trs. J. Cumming, 1972Kierkegaard, S., ‘Fear and trembling’ in Selections from the Writings of Kierkegaard, trs. L. M. Hollander, 1960Kierkegaard, S., Either-Or, trs. H. V. Kong and E. H. Kong, 1987Lévi-Strauss, C., Structural Anthropology, trs. C. Jacobson and B. G.. Schoepf, 1968Lévi-Strauss, C., The Elementary Structures of Kinship, trs. J. H. Bell, J. R. von Sturmer and R. Needham, 1969Lukács, G., ‘What is orthodox Marxism?’, in History and Class Consciousness, trs. R. Livingstone, 1971Lyotard, J.-F., The Postmodern Condition, trs. G. Bennington and B. Massumi, 1984Marcuse H., One-Dimensional Man, 1968(a)Marcuse H., ‘Philosophy and critical theory’, in Negations, 1968 (b)Marcuse H., ‘On revolution’, in Student Power, eds. A. Cockburn and R. Blackburn, 1969Marcuse H., Soviet Marxism, 1971Marx, K., ‘Economic and philosophical manuscripts’, in Early Writings, trs. R. Livingstone and G. Benton, 1975Marx, K., ‘Theses on Feuerbach’, in Early Writings, trs. R. Livingstone and G. Benton, 1975Marx, K., The German Ideology, trs. C. J. Arthur, 1977Nietzsche, F., Beyond Good and Evil, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1973Nietzsche, F., Untimely Meditations, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1983

Roussseau, J.-J., The Social Contract and Discourses, 1762, trs. G. D. H. Cole, 1973Roussseau, J.-J., Emile, 1762, trs. B. Foxley, 1974Saussure, F. de, Course in General Linguistics, 1916, ed. C. Bally and A. Sechehaye, trs. W. Baskin, 1959Weber, M., The Protestant Ethic and the Rise of Capitalism, trs. T. Parsons, 1930

HistoryUse of past theory to understand modern issues

Arrow, K.J., Social Choice and Individual Values, 1951, 2 ed. 1963Debreu, G., Theory of Value, 1959Grote, J., An Examination of the Utilitarian Philosophy, 1870Jevons, W.S., The Theory of Political Economy, 1871Lange, O., ‘Foundations of welfare economics’, Econometrica, 10 (1942), 215-28Laslett, P., Philosophy, Politics and Society, 1956Pareto, V., Manual of Political Economy, 1909, trs. A. S. Schwier, 1972Pocock, J. G. A., The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law, 1957Pocock, J. G. A., ‘The history of political thought: a methodological enquiry’, Philosophy, Politics and Society, Series II, 1962Sidgwick, H., Methods of Ethics, 1874Skinner, Q. R. D., ‘Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas’, History and Theory, 8, 1969, 199-215: Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and his Critics, 1988, 29-67Skinner, Q. R. D., ‘The republican ideal of political liberty’ Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. G. Bock, Q. R. D. Skinner and M. Viroli, 293-309Tuck, R.F., Natural Rights and Theories, 1979Tully, J.H., A Discourse on Property, 1980Walras, L., Elements of Pure Economics, 1874, trs. W. Jaffe, 1954Winch, P., The Idea of a Social Science, 1958

SociologyUnderstanding of social institutions is important in political philosophy

Brennan, G. and Walsh, C., eds., Rationality, Individualism and Public Policy, 1990Broome, J., ‘Irreducibly social goods – comment II’, in Rationality, Individualism and Public Policy, ed. G. Brennan and C. Walsh, 1990Durkheim, E., The Division of Labor in Society, 1893Giddens, A., Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, 1971MacIntyre, A., After Virtue, 2 ed., 1984Runciman, W. G., A Critique of Max Weber’s Philosophy of Social Science, 1972Saint-Simon, H., Selected Writings, trs. and ed. Keith Taylor, 1975Taylor, C., Philosophical Papers, 2 vols., 1985Veblen, T., The Leisure Class, 1889Weber, M., The Methodology of the Social Sciences, trs. E. A. Shills and H. A. Finch, 1949Weber, M., Economy and Society, eds. G. Roth and C. Wittich, 3 vols., 1968

EconomicsEconomics is relevant to political possibility. In order to understand the contribution of economics, ‘political philosophy’ is taken to be normative social theory. The contributions of economics, then, may be understood in terms of a style of

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thinking – normative thinking is supplemented by and replaced when possible by ‘positive’ feasibility analysis where the use of analysis is concentrated. Feasibility affects desirability since what may have been desirable cannot be so if infeasible. Here, the contributions of Pareto, Arrow, Buchanan and Harsanyi are significant. The collapse of utilitarianism as a concept of feasibility leads to the ‘Economists Theory of State,’ which economists love because it appears to legitimize their grandiosity…

However, the lessons of economics should not be taken too seriously because ‘many things have been regarded impossible, including those theoretically demonstrated, until shown to be actually possible.’ While the contributions of modern economics are important, they are also an abstruse apology for the dominant paradigm and dominant regimes. Other reasons for doubt are distributed throughout the present document and the sources from the foundations

Arrow, K., Social Choice and Individual Values, 1951Buchanan, J., ‘The relevance of Pareto optimality’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 6 (1962), 341-54Buchanan, J., The Limits of Liberty, 1975Buchanan, J., Freedom in Constitutional Contract, 1977Buchanan, J., and Tullock, G., The Calculus of Consent, 1962Hamlin, A., Ethics, Economics and the State, 1986Hardin, R., Collective Action, 1982Harsanyi, J., ‘Cardinal welfare, individualistic ethics, and inter-personal comparisons of utility’, Journal of Political Economy, 63 (1955), 309-21Harsanyi, J., Essays in Ethics, 1976Hotelling, H., ‘Stability in Competition’, Economic Journal, 39 (1929), 41-57Lerner, A., The Economics of Control, 1944Little, I. M. D., A Critique of Welfare Economics, 1957Olson, M., The Logic of Collective Action, 1965Robbins, L., The Nature and Significance of Economic Science, 1932Samuelson, P., ‘The pure theory of public expenditure’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 36 (1954), 387-9Samuelson, P., ‘Diagrammatic exposition of a theory of public expenditure’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 37 (1955), 350-6Scitovsky, T., ‘A note on welfare propositions in economics’, Review of Economic Studies, 9 (1941-2), 77-88Sen, A., ‘Rational fools: a critique of the behavioral foundations of economic theory’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 6 (1977), 314-44

Political ScienceSelection favors fundamentals and possibility rather than logical issues but only when solutions exist

Abercrombie, N., Hill, S. and Turner, B. S., The Dominant Ideology, 1980Allison, G. T., The Essence of Decision, 1971Binder, L., et. al. Crises and Sequences in Political Development, 1971Cohen, G. A., Karl Marx’s Theory of History, 1978Geertz, C. A., Old Societies and New States, 1963Goodin, R. E., ‘The development-rights trade-off’, Universal Human Rights, 1 (1979), 31-42Lane, R. E., ‘Waiting for lefty: the capitalist genesis of socialist man’, Theory & Society, 6 (1978), 1-28Lasswell, H. D., Politics: Who Gets What, When, How?, 1950Levine, H. D., ‘Some things to all men: the politics of cruise missile development’, Public Policy, 7 (1972), 117-68

Mann, M., ‘The social cohesion of liberal democracy’, American Sociological Review, 35 (1970), 423-29March, J. G., ‘Model bias in social action’, Review of Educational Research, 42 (1972), 413-29Olsen, J. P., ‘Public policy-making and theories of organizational choice’, Scandinavian Political Studies, 7 (1972), 45-62Wittfogel, K. A., Oriental Despotism, 1957Zolberg, A., ‘Moments of madness’, Politics & Society, 1 (1972), 183-208

Legal StudiesLegal studies in the ‘analytic tradition’ appear intellectual but are an apology for the law and the state. It is paradoxical that France, where there is no tradition of justification of law, is the greatest of police states

Braithwaite, J. and Pettit, P., Not Just Deserts, 1990Dworkin, R., Law’s Empire, 1986Fuller, L., The Morality of the Law, 1969Gunningham, N., Safeguarding the Worker: the Role of the Law, 1984Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of the Law, 1961Hart, H. L. A., Punishment and Responsibility, 1968Hart, H. L. A., Essays in Jurisprudence and Philosophy, 1983Hart, H. L. A. and Honoré, A., Causation and the Law, 1985Kennedy, D., ‘Form and substance in private law adjudication’, Harvard Law Review, 89 (1976), 1685Kennedy, D., ‘The Structure of Blackstone’s Commentaries’, Buffalo Law Review, 28 (1979), 209Kennedy, D., ‘Legal Education as Training for Hierarchy’, in D. Kairys, ed., The Politics of Law: A Progression Technique, 1982McBarnet, D., Conviction: Law, the State and the Construction of Justice, 1981Meiklejohn, A., Political Freedom: the Constitutional Powers of the People, 1965Posner, R., Economic Analysis of the Law, 1977Rose-Ackerman, S., ‘Progressive Law and Economics’, Yale Law Journal, 98 (1988), 341Sadurski, W., Giving Desert its Due, 1985Sunstein, C. R., ‘Pornography and the first amendment’, Duke Law Journal (1986), 589Tribe, L. H., American Constitutional Law, 2nd ed., 1988Tribe, L. H., Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes, 1990Tushnet, M., The American Law of Slavery, 1981Waldron, J., The Law, 1990HistoryThe general purposes to any study include the following: 1. The specific interest of the study. ‘Interest’ includes both curiosity or enjoyment and ‘application;’ and 2. Truth is illuminating and transforming

There is a redundancy to the consideration of interest and application because each includes the other

Item [2] is a repetition of item [1] in general termsJourney in Being is a journey in understanding and transformation; therefore history is significant to the journey as

History of understanding, andHistory of transformation

The reference for these emphases is History of thought and actionPlan: combine History of thought and action and History of Western Philosophy

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SymbolThe Symbolic Disciplines: Signs, Language, Logic and Mathematics – Foundations and Relation to Being

What are they?Functions: thought and communicationThe human symbolic instrument is language; mathematics is the science of form; abstract relations show all systems that have a common formLOGOS is system of the possibilities of being relative to nothingness; logic is the system of relationships among truths; real Logic is the science of the possible [relative to nothingness,] [note that the necessary is analyzable in terms of the possible]Logic applies in mathematics; mathematics analyses logicMore on Brouwer; on Hilbert’s program; on logicism – concept and argument, Russell, Frege and Wittgenstein’s counterarguments; PlatonismFoundation and meaning of logic, geometryThe theory of the infinite; discrete mathematics, Stephen Wolfram Site

Languages: Sanskrit, Hindi, Other…… for linguistic bases of thought and categories; data for linguistics; foundations of the disciplinesArt, Myth and Religion

Mythology and Religion, Literature and Music: Contribution to Meaning, Deep Symbols, Action, Understanding and Human NatureReligion

Buddha, Lao-tse, Christ, Muhammad, Zarathustra…Myth

Primitive and experiential myth and mythologyRitual Death; primitive planters; symbol: life requires deathThe Shaman; primitive hunters; symbol: vision and leadership born of example and charisma, the animal masterIndian Mythology is adequately represented in the section, below, on Indian Philosophy

LiteraturePhilosophy is literature, especially great philosophy. Here, focus is on literature – whether fiction or not – as it describes life or tells stories that illuminate ways and possibilities of life. The chief kinds of literature are: epic, tragedy, comedy, lyric, satire, history, biography, and prose narrative

‘Homer,’ The Iliad and The OdysseyVirgil, AenidAugustine, The City of GodIcelandic sagas, Prose Edda and Poetic Edda, …the fullest and most detailed source for modern knowledge of Germanic mythology.Beowulf, the heroic poem of Old English LiteratureSong of Hildebrand, GermanThe Divine Comedy, DanteParadise Lost, 1667; Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes, 1671, John MiltonMolière, Racine, Boileau, and La Fontaine of what has been called the greatest age of French literatureThe 18th century. Britain: Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and Samuel Johnson, Henry Fielding, Daniel Defoe, Tobias Smollett, Samuel Richardson and Laurence Sterne. France: Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles de Montesquieu, Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert. In Germany: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller

The 19th century – Romanticism. Fabre d'Olivet in France; Wordsworth, Coleridge, John Keats and Lord Byron in England; and Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Aleksandr Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov in Russia; James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe; Walt Whitman, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau in America which, as Wordsworth's pronouncements had done, affirmed the power of “insight” to transcend ordinary logic and experienceThe 19th century – Post-Romanticism. Heinrich Heine in Germany; Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Stéphane Mallarmé and Arthur Rimbaud in France; Jane Austen with Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility in England; especially Benjamin Constant, Stendhal Gustave Flaubert and Émile Zola, also in France; Eliot, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy in England and Nikolay Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Anton Chekhov in Russia; Henrik Ibsen in Norway; August Strindberg in Sweden; Gogol, Turgenev and Anton Chekov in RussiaThe 20th century. Joseph Conrad, Thomas Hardy, Henry James, D.H. Lawrence, Marcel Proust, André Gide, James Joyce's, Franz Kafka, and Thomas Mann, André Breton, Rainer Maria Rilkem, T.S. Eliot

MusicPresently, this list does not include or do justice to music as it is performed and moves people in their lives – in peace and in warIndian classical music as rendered by Ravi Shankar, Ali Akbar Khan and othersWestern Music before the 19th century. Henry Purcell, Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) and George Frideric Handel19th century – The Romantic Period. Transition: Beethoven, Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, and Anton Bruckner; romantic: Berlioz, Liszt, Gustav Mahler, and Richard Strauss; and Rimsky-Korsakov and Tchaikovsky19th century – Richard Wagner20th century: Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, Anton von Webern, Aaron Copeland20th century “popular” music

Art, Symbol and BeingArt periods: prehistoric – the old and new stone ages Celtic, Egyptian, Greek, Mesopotamian, Islamic, African, Oceanic, Indian, Japanese, Christian, Gothic, Baroque, European / Renaissance, Recent [1800 and later]

Great art and artistsThe intent of the selection that follows is to evoke feeling,

specifically my feeling, from the paintings, sculpture, buildings and other objects. I look not only for emotion but also and especially a sense of placement in and creation of time, space and the stream of being. The selection is not comprehensive relative to the history of art for that would dilute what it is that I intend. Source: H. W. Janson, History of Art, 1962, 5th ed, Anthony F. Janson, 1995

Cave paintings especially animals and the hunt and objects such as Horse a 2|" mammoth ivory carving from Bogelherd cave 28,000 BC the old stoneage [40,000 – 10,000 BC ending with the cessation of the most recent Ice Age]

In the new stonage [till historic times] from which the following are remarkable: architecture with houses and shrines including paintings of the animal hunt and monuments such as Stonehenge c. 2000 B.C

Egypt: the pyramids and the Great Sphinx at Giza and the statues of the pharaohs; the court of Ramesses II; the coffin of Tutankhamen

Sumer: Ziggurat of King Urnammu, Ur, Iraq c. 2100 B.CGreece: The Parthenon; statues - Nike of Samothrace c. 200

BC and The Laocoön GroupRome: The Pantheon, Rome, 118 – 25 A.D

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Gothic: Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163 – c. 1250; Chartres Cathedral 1145 - 1220, and the stained glass Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière, c. 1170; Amiens Cathedral begun 1220; Salisbury Cathedral, England 1220 – 1770; Gloucester Cathedral, England, 1332 – 1357; Sta. Croce, Florence, begun c. 1295; Florence Cathedral, begun by Arnolfo di Cambio, 1296, dome by Filippo Brunelleschi, 1420 – 36; Milan Cathedral, begun 1386, considered by H. W. Janson to be overly elaborate as a result of detail applied in mechanical fashion over the centuries was completed in 1910

Early Renaissance in Italy: Donatello, statues, 1386 – 1466, Prophet, 1423 – 25, 6' 5"; David, c. 1425 – 1430, bronze, 62¼"; Mary Magdalene, c. 1455, wood, partially gilded. Early Renaissance in Italy: Boticelli, c. 1480, The Birth of Venus

High Renaissance in Italy – I cannot, now, do justice to the feeling evoked by Leonardo, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, Titian and therefore the selection here is very thin; I hope that this is balanced by the power of evocation of the works. Leonardo da Vinci: Adoration of the Magi, 1481 – 82; The Last Supper c. 1495 – 98. Michelangelo: Pieta, c. 1500; David, 1501 – 4, 13' 5"; The Sistine Ceiling, 1508 – 12 including The Creation of Adam; St. Peter’s, Rome, 1546 – 64, dome completed by Giacomo della Porta, 1590. Raphael: La Belle Jardinière, 1507; The Sacrifice at Lystra, 1514 – 15. Giorgione, The Tempest, c. 1505. Titian: Bacchanal, c. 1518; Man with the Glove, c. 1520; Christ Crowned with Thorns, c. 1570

From 1525 to 1600, in Italy, the period now referred to as Mannerism, the following paintings are audible as voices: Giorgio Vasari, Perseus and Andromedia, 1570 – 72; Sofonisba Anguissola, Portrait of the Artist’s Sister Minerva, c. 1559; Jacopo Tintoretto, The Last Super, 1592 – 94

Of the remaining period until modern times, and even though there is much that speaks, I will note only the art of Albrecht Dürer: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, woodcut, c. 1497 – 98; Self-Portrait, painting, 1500; Knight, Death and Devil, engraving, 1513

The Modern Period: here I am being very selective and choose only those works that seem to speak to me from universal and even distant sources. I have probably included some that I would not; omitted some that I would. Cammille Corot, Morning: Dance of the Nymphs, painting, 1850. William Turner, The Slave Ship, 1840; Rain, Steam and Speed, 1844. Caspar David Friedrich, The Polar Sea, 1824. Paul Klee, Twittering Machine, 1922. Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm: Number 30, 1950. Anselm Kiefer, To the Unknown Painter, 1983. Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Chicago, 1909. Foster Associates, Honkong Bank, 1979 – 86. Ansel Adams, Monrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, 1941. Josef Sudek, View from Studio Window in Winter, 1954. Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, California, 1936. Mark Tansey, Derrida Queries de Man

Art – evocation and communication especially of “what is not said:” time, space, pattern [cause and law,] creation [pattern from nothingness and chaos,] nature, mood and will, feelingArt divisions: literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, theatreArt – concept: see Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, details in the Great Western Philosophers, aboveArt – history: H. W. Janson, History of ArtHealing

Healing, and MedicineIndividual as physical, bio-psycho-social and spiritualDynamics of Being and the concept of healing: Journey in Being | Metaphysics | and, especially, Experiments in the Transformation of BeingPsychiatry | Psychology | Research topics | Treatment Planning

Examples:Personality disorders, borderline personality disorder:

Dialectical Behavior Therapy etc; treatment of eating disorders

Vitamins and micronutrientsChron’s diseaseWilderness MedicineMental health information from the folder: organization\anil

ScienceSociology and Anthropology for Foundations of Being; Social Action; Charisma and Patriarchalism

..\..\4. Social and Group Action\Influence and Change.htmlInfluence and Change | section, Action and Influence in Journey in Being for some topicsThe nature of society, institutions, humankind; the concept of culture [EB Tylor…]The foundations of being, the individual, knowledge and languageToday’s world: actual and potential

Science in Knowledge, Progress of Being… and as a Metaphor for Metaphysics, Epistemology

Science as knowledge; as a comprehensive worldview; as a method; a practice; as a social [political, economic…] instrument; as parochial vs. universal

Logic, Mathematics and ScienceArchimedes, Galileo, Newton, Gauss, Darwin, Maxwell, Emile Durkheim, Freud, Max Weber, Einstein, Schrödinger, Dirac

Information, and Network Technology; Cognitive Sciences – Symbolic / Mechanical Being, Agents; Use and Application

Main disciplines: philosophy; psychology; neuroscience; computational intelligence; linguistics / language; and culture, cognition, evolution, and anthropologyComputer science and robotics; human-machine synergy

Some intelligent applications – various stages of development

See Variety of Being [section in this document] | The Variety of Being [essay]

May add the following to Journey in Being | The Variety of Being [essay]

ArchitectureTreatment PlanningPhysics… and Reality, Classical / Formal… and Cosmology… and Metaphysics… and foundations for the sciences

String / M-theory: strings / m-branes as warps in a continuum, c = constant, fixed, the maximum = the speed of propagation of warps with zero mass… why? Calabi-Yau spaces at Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics | Calabi-YauSpaceOutline of Quantum Mechanics and Relativistic theory of Gravitation and Fields; forefront today; foundation in nothingness / vacuum; real examples of the origin, development and stability of structure; physics of the vacuum, nothingness; time and recurrenceToolkit of ideas for reality testing: Bell's theorem, Aspect, causality and communication, determinism and indeterminism, Schrödinger's cat... significance for reality; wave-particle-field; epistemological vs. ontological interpretations of quantum mechanics. Time-space curvature... significance, recurrence - loop in time… every quantum of existence can interact with every other; thermodynamics, energy and the universeOrigins; origin of this universe; natural selection in the origin of physical nature and the universes… work of Lee Smolin, Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose; cosmology and conditions

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for life, intelligence, and mind; history of the universe / solar system; physics and mindSome information papers: Cosmology and Inflation | General Physics | The Standard Model of Particle Physics

Chemistry: Materials for Technology and Industrial Processes; Possibility of Molecules; Origin and Function of Life

Chemistry and technology: the construction of tools and living elementsChemistry and the origins of life on earth; possibility of origins of life in spaceChemistry and functional biology: chemical nature of life; nervous system and neurotransmitters, endocrine system, immune system; chemistry and mind

Geology: Effect on Conditions for Life, Evolution, Speciation; Minerals, Fuels, their Origins

The history of earth; history of continents and oceans, drivers of continental drift; drivers of earth’s magnetic field; geoclimatology; cosmic radiation; effect of the foregoing evolution of life

Biology / life sciences: History of Life, Humans and Mind; Potential of Life; Biological Foundations of Mind, Consciousness, Knowledge, Symbol

Functional biology: development, epigenesis; genetics; biology and mind; ecology and complex systemsEvolutionary biology: the story of evolution; evolution of mind and complexity – problem of complexityApplied biology: forestry, domestication, agricultureNon-technical writers on nature: Annie Dillard, R. D. Lawrence, Peter Matthiessen, Barry Lopez, David L. Mech, Farley Mowatt… the ethnobotanists

Psychology, Neurophysiology, Anthropology, Sociology: Variation / Malleability in Mental Process, Development and Personality

Biological foundations; origin and growth of mind and mental function; mind, brain, behaviorOther Elements of the Western Tradition

Other Elements of the Western Tradition: c ontribution and contrast to the old world, India, Native American and the animal

Mysticism - Buddha, Christ, Eckart, Descartes, Pascal, Kierkegaard, Freud, JungWilliam James, The Variety of Religious Experience, 1902Aldous HuxleyOther Traditions

India and Indian PhilosophyVeda-Upanisad-Gita for truth / force; Samkhya-Yoga and Yogis for the focus / objective; Vedanta for understanding / insightSee The Periods of Indian Philosophy for an outline; the classic Indian systems [sutras] with main doctrines and originators are: Purva-mimamsa: the interpretation of the Veda in the light of Dharma, Jamini; Vedanta: the philosophic interpretation of the Veda with focus on knowledge, Brahman and its identity with the self, Badarayana; Samkhya-karikas: the unmanifest is identical to the self, the three gunas or elements of sattva or light – rajas or activity – tamas or inertia, the three ways of pramana or knowing… of perception – of inference and of verbal testimony, Isvarakrsna; Yoga: Patanjali; Vaisesika: pluralistic metaphysics, Kanada; Nyaya: foundations of Buddhist Philosophy, Gautama / Aksapada; Mahayana Buddhist philosophy [beginnings]; Arthasastra: Kautilya; Ajivikas: Makkhali Gosala; and the Carvakas: Carvaka; Vaisnavism and Saivism develop later; Vaisnava is traced to the worship of Vishnu in the Rg Veda, the doctrine of prapatti, or complete self-surrender, is emphasized [Vaisnava-Sahajiya: a later 17th

century development in Bengal that seeks religious experience through the world of the senses, specifically human sexual love… here parakiya-rati or the love of a man for a woman who legally belongs to another is considered to be above svakiya-rati or conjugal love as more intense, so parakiyarati was felt without consideration for the conventions of society or for personal gain and thus was more analogous to divine love, Radha is conceived as the ideal of the parakiya woman, because of the extreme privacy of the cult, little is known about its prevalence or its practices today;] Saiva is the worship of Shiva and Saivism is the school of thought that develops in this foldIn an unpublished manuscript [Jaison A. Manjaly, Exploring Alternative Possibilities for Metaphysics of Mind, 2003] it is pointed out that certain non-dualistic traditions from Indian philosophy may suggest resolutions for the classic problems in Western philosophy of mind that result from Cartesian dualism. The following is a paraphrase: Some Indian traditions deploy a ‘continuum metaphysics’ where body and mind are not Cartesian polarities; many consider mind as material in nature with a primarily internal monitoring role; the non-physical status is reserved only for the ‘self’ or Atman. In Nyaya-Vaisesika, mind, or antahkarana, is material, yet not at par with the purely physical; it is non-dualistic but maintains a division between gross matter, subtle matter, and the non-physical; and, the Nyaya ascribes cognition, consciousness etc. to atman or self rather than to antahkarana or mind as in the West. Samkhya also regards mind as part of the internal organ system (antahkarana) which has priority over external sense organs because the cognition of external objects is possible only through antahkarana. In Advaita, mind is still the essential internal tool, while the actual knower is the individual self, which is Brahman. Interestingly, according to Advaita School also antahkarana is material because it is composed of all five physical elements

Modern Indian philosophersPre-1947 Most of the following group were idealist metaphysicians i.e., they believed that reality is spiritual: Aurobindo Ghosh “Sri Aurobindo” 1872 – 1950 a modern Vedantic philosopher, K.C. Bhattacharya, Rabindranath Tagore, M.K. Gandhi, S. Radhakrishnan, B. Seal, H. Haldar, R.D. Ranade, D.M. Datta, N.V. Bannerjee, R. Das, A.C. Mukherji; N.V. Bannerjee, and R Das, in contrast, were influenced by Hegel and SankaraPost 1947 The following two groups are influenced by analytic philosophy, modern logic, phenomenology and/or Navya-Nyâya –– the logical-epistemological school of Indian Philosophy: P.J. Chaudhury, K.D. Bhattacharya, A.S. Ayub; and a younger group: M. Chatterjee, N.K. Devaraja, Daya Krishna, Bimal Matilal, J.N. Mohanty, Rajendra Prasad, P.K. SenNon-Indians practicing modes of Indian Philosophy: Daniel Ingalls, Eric Fraunwallner, Eliot Deutsch, Karl Potter

Native American; other primal including SiberiaVision quest; world view; shamanism [Neolithic origins; saman = ‘he who knows;’ two common functions = knowledge + healing]

The Animal WorldBeing as a fieldRichard K. Nelson, Make Prayers to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, 1983Richard K. Nelson, Shadow of the Hunter: Stories of Eskimo Life, 1983

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APPENDIX III. WEBSITE DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

Task Study Website Design | Apply the Principles of Design to the Journey in Being Site – At placement

The TechnologyNetworked electronic document systems: advantages

Page and document designTemplates – Page Design, HTML4 / CD, metatags

Frames: no frames | new / parent | modularity and multiple organizations | collapsible tocs

Style sheets – use of external style sheetsGraphics design: blender, photo editor, paint, word draw

TechnicalAutomation authoring, upgrade, distributionKeyword, indexing and searchApacheXML, VRML etcStyle sheets: CSS or cascading style sheets. Browser support

Platform independenceVB / JavaScript automationSettings for browser, OS, screen, resolutionEliminate proprietary html?

Automation of document organizationApplication: the current and other documents

WhatConcept – concept; and concept – timelineAccess all main functions from anywhere

HowChoose the organization to make automation and loading and less resource intensiveApproach 1: Styles and Tables of ContentsApproach 2: Visual Basic for Applications / VBScript / JavaScript macros

COPYRIGHT AND MOST RECENT UPDATECOPYRIGHT © ANIL MITRA PHD, FRIDAY, MAY 19, 2023 12:16:59AM

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