AMITY UNIVERSITY (UTTAR PRADESH)

AMITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING SECTOR -125 CAMPUS, EXPRESSWAY, NOIDA-201301

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE (B. ARCH) Brief account of academic exercises

Course Title: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-VII

Course Code: Program Name: B.ARCH

Self Study Hours: Faculty In charge: 1. Ms. Charu Dhawan; Ms. Tanushree Das; Prof. Anurag Verma 2. Ms. Seema Kharbanda; Ms. Neha Mittal; Prof. Sujata Ranganathan

Assignment 1: SLUM REDEVELOPMENT / REHABILITATION

1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 PREAMBLE:

Development of large-scale affordable housing is the greatest necessity of urban India today. Indian cities lack low-income housing, which has resulted in the proliferation of slums and unorganised real estate across the country. Whilst this is detrimental to the planned growth of cities, it is also restrictive to slum dwellers who are deprived of basic civic amenities and fail to be an equal citizen. Large-scale urban developments are becoming increasingly difficult due to lack of land parcels, congested transit routes, lack of finance, rising input costs and regulatory hurdles. However, it is vital that these issues are addressed urgently so that a comprehensive framework can be established in ensuring the development of affordable housing. Urbanisation has resulted in people increasingly living in slums and squatter settlements and has deteriorated the housing conditions of the economically weaker sections of the society. This is primarily due to the skyrocketing prices of land and real estate in urban areas that have forced the poor and the economically weaker sections of the society to occupy the marginal lands typified by poor housing stock, congestion and obsolescence. 1.2 UNDERSTANDING OF SLUMS : Delhi, capital of India, is home to about 3 million people living in slums and it is estimated that 45% of its population lives in unauthorized colonies, Jhughi Jhompri (JJ) and urban villages. As the UN-HABITAT definition states a slum household is a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area that lack one or more of the following: 1. Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions. 2. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same room. 3. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price. 4. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people. 5. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions.

1.3 HOW ARE SLUMS DEVELOPED : Slums may be defined as a heavily populated urban area characterised by substandard housing and squalor. The inhabitants of slums typically belong to either similar commercial and trade / business sectors etc. as they settle down in groups in close vicinity to their areas of livelihood. Informal service providers including domestic help, hawkers and vendors and also low paid workers settle down in informal settlements giving rise to squatter settlements and slums.

Slums typically have the following characteristics: inadequate access to safe water, inadequate sanitation and other infrastructure, poor structural quality of housing, overcrowding and insecure residential status. Delhis population is over 14 million. More than 4 million of these people live in slum colonies that are chronically overcrowded and lack even the most basic amenities. At present there are 685 JJ clusters with 4,20,000 JJ dwellers. 1.4 GOVERNMENT APPROACH: The Delhi Development Authority was created in 1957 under the provisions of the Delhi Development Act "to promote and secure the development of Delhi. It is responsible to the central governments Ministry of Urban Development. The DDA is the largest land \owning agency in Delhi, currently owning more than 50% of the land that the 685 JJ clusters are on. Until very recently, the responsibility of providing basic civic amenities and resettlement of squatter settlements used to vest with the Slum and Jhuggi Jhopri (JJ) Department under the Municipal Corporation of Delhi, the urban local body. The Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board (DUSIB) was established in 2010 in place of the Slum and JJ Department at the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) by way of the DUSIB Act. This body is responsible to the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhis Ministry of Urban Development. The DUSIB cannot undertake rehabilitation or relocation on land vested in the Central Government or its agencies, without receiving consent. The Master Plan 2021, adopted in 2007, states that around 40% of Delhis housing could be satisfied through redevelopment/up-gradation of existing areas of Delhi. The Plan also states that the overall responsibility for provision of land and facilitation of adequate housing to meet the projected demand lies with the DDA.

1.4.1 DEVELOPMENT POLICY: The Slum & JJ Dept. of MCD (now DUSIB) has been following three pronged strategy for looking after the problems associated with the existence of slums and squatter clusters. First one is carrying out environment improvement of existing slums under the EIUS scheme in the slum clusters. Second is In-situ redevelopment / rehabilitation policy on the JJ cluster sites, where the land owning agencies gave NOC for utilising their land for planned development and reallocation of plots to the inhabitants. Third is Resettlement / Relocation of the jhuggi jhopri inhabitants on a newly developed site.

A key principle of the central Govt.s Slum Free India policy is to redevelop slums in situ (upgrading their current situation rather than dislocating slum dwellers) and offering them basic tenure security. The second strategy should be preferred than the rest since the dwellers are more accustomed to their former living space which is in vicinity to their working places as well. As a consequence In-situ up-gradation of the land pockets of slum and JJ Clusters, which are not required for public / priority use, is the first option for provision of affordable housing for rehabilitation of squatters.

2.0 DESIGN BRIEF

2.1 AIM:

Designing Low cost housing for rehabilitation of slum dwellers. 2.2 AREA OF INTERVENTION:

Sunder Nagari, F1 BLOCK, Near Dilshad Garden, Delhi 2.3 COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To bring existing slums within the formal system and enabling them to avail quality housing and tenure after studying the communitys socio-economic profile and the physical conditions in terms of housing and infrastructure;

To ensure optimal utilization of land in a sustainable manner by designing the pattern of housing for economically weaker sections and low income groups;

To make the construction activity more environment friendly, by exposing the students to use the cost effective materials and building techniques, services and systems, urban development control norms, building bye-laws and architectural controls for the proposed rehabilitation schemes;

To re address the failures of the formal system that lie behind the creation of slums provision of basic services to urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery of other already existing universal services of the government for education, approach and internal road, street lighting, health and social security.

2.4 SITE:

Sunder Nagari is situated in the heart of the national capital has about 800 structures. Like many other slums, most of them are shanties, and as many as 4000 population living in them. While the residents of one slum block (F1) are predominantly scheduled caste leather workers and the other block (F2) is a Muslim community, both blocks are desperately poor (Household income approx. Rs 4000 per month). Homes in both blocks double up as workspace, and a significant portion of the units are single story huts built using bricks and temporary roofing materials like tarpaulin and plastic. Alongwith high density, there are problems of overflowing sewers and dysfunctional public toilets.

2.5 SITE LOCATION:

2.6 SITE PLAN: (drawing in cad format to be developed by students by site survey)

2.7 SITE DETAILS:

Total area 9929 SQM. Total Population: Approx. 2000

DEMOGRAPHICS: Average age of people in Sunder Nagar is 30 years; 50% people above 19 yrs of age Male-Female Ratio is almost equal. Aged and especially differently abled people are also to be catered for.

WORK/COMMUTE: Most people Work within

HOUSEHOLD: Average household size is 4.5. 76% families live in 1-room homes. Household income for most is approx. Rs. 3000-5000 per month Number of children per household is 2.8 average. Most people live in kuccha homes. There is provision of common toilets, but most people dont like to pay or use them due to cleanliness issues.

3.0 DESIGN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS : 3.1 STATUTORY DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES :

1. Total site area 9929 sq. M. 2. Maximum Permissible ground coverage for residential - 60% 3. Maximum Permissible FAR : 225 4. Maximum permissible height : 17 mts.

3.2 MINIMUM COMPLIANCES (Development Guidelines) : In accordance to the NBC and the studio objectives, the following design parameters should be complied with:

a. The habitable room shall not be less than 9 sqmts.in area with a minimum width of 2.7mts.

b. Kitchen for 1room DU shall have a minimum area of 2.4 sqm and 2 room DU shall have a minimum kitchen area of 3.3 sqm. In both cases the minimum width of kitchen shall be 1.5m

c. W.C. minimum 0.9m x 1.0m; Bath minimum 1.2m x 1.0m d. Balcony projection upto 0.9m is to be considered free of built up area. e. Wardrobe projection (2m x 0.6m) & shafts to be taken free of area

calculations. f. Stilt parking may be considered with minimum height of 2.4 mts. Which is

free of FAR calculation.

3.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS :

A. RESIDENTIAL: (TOTAL 400 NOS.)

A. FLATTED DUs

Net Built up Area (excluding common areas and circulation)

Nos.

1. One Room units 28 sqmts. 230 2. Two Room units 40 sqmts. 120 B. PLOTTED DUs 45 sqmts. 50

(Plots to have a ground coverage not exceeding 38sqm; Max perm. FAR 1.25 and maximum height of 7.0 mts. Each plot shall accommodate one DU / family only.)

B. NON RESIDENTIAL : i. COMMUNITY / COMMERCIAL 10%\ For a population of about 2000 , the facilities as under mentioned may be provided combined in a single complex .The net built up area for the facilities mentioned below should not exceed 800-1000 sqmts.

o Multi-purpose community hall o Basti Vikas Kendra o Religious site o Police Post o Primary Health Centre o Park/Shishu Vatika o Area for essential retail outlets e.g., Milk Booth, Fair Price Shop, o Kerosene shop, etc. may be provided. o Provisions for informal trade units and weekly market to be made,

wherever necessary.

ii. PARKS & OPEN SPACES 20 % ( minimum mandatory)

iii. PARKING Parking provision to be made @ single two wheelers for two DUs .

4.0 METHODOLOGY: The class shall be divided into groups of 5-6 students to do the literature studies & case

studies of rehabilitation projects. Each group shall study and document two literature study

projects with proper analysis of success/ failure reasons and study of standards involved. The

case study of slums shall deal with the existing site conditions, the expectations of the slum

dwellers, paying capacity and existing problems. The design project shall be carried out

independently by each student with emphasis on DU design, cluster designing / open spaces

etc. The project will broadly involve Slum Redevelopment/Rehabilitation plan based on:

The dates for the presentations / juries are tentatively as follows: Stage I : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 8th July 2014

Stage II : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 1st review 15th July 2014;

2nd review 22nd July 2014

Stage III : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 12th August 2014

Stage IV : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 19th August 2014

Stage V : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 1st review 9th Sept.2014

2nd review- 16th Sept. 2014

Stage VI : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 14th October 2014

Stage VII : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 21st October 2014

Stage VII : JURY / REVIEW DATE : 28th October 2014

STAGE I: LITERATURE STUDY: SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS (2 NOS):

Study of similar project with emphasis on site layouts/ clustering. Study of development in social and physical infrastructural facilities. Study of various techniques reducing the cost of the building before and after its

completion. Study of the buildings with such techniques employed. Submission will be a computer presentation in form of power point presentation .

STAGE II: CASE STUDIES THROUGH SURVEY: Detailed site analysis, which will reflect complete physical and environmental characteristics of the project site, and are as follows:

Survey of the slum Social, physical and socio-economic Location & Key Plan (City map showing the site) Site plan showing the surroundings- Surrounding roads & buildings, existing services e.g.

water supply/sewer line, electric line, Drainage, telephone line etc. Climate study. Local, Building bye-laws & Area of site, volumetric study of building based on

permissible ground coverage, FAR, Setbacks, height restrictions & parking norms. Landscaping, Water harvesting, Pedestrian & vehicular movement, Parking. Case study of low cost buildings Submission will be in form of well composed drawing sheets covering main aspects as mentioned above. Supporting information/ data may be supplemented on Computer sheets if necessary.

STAGE III: SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS THROUGH SURVEY:

Survey of the slum Social, physical and socio-economic Location & Key Plan (City map showing the site) Site plan showing the surroundings- Surrounding roads & buildings, existing services e.g.

water supply/sewer line, electric line, Drainage, telephone line etc. Climate study. Local, Building bye-laws & Area of site, volumetric study of building based on

permissible ground coverage, FAR, Setbacks, height restrictions & parking norms. Landscaping, Water harvesting, Pedestrian & vehicular movement, Parking. Case study of low cost buildings Summarization of site analysis with reference to case study. Inferences & inputs to be

drawn from the case study & the comparison to be done with standards. To identify, Pros in the design & Cons in the design.

Submission will be a computer presentation in form of power point presentation and drawing sheets in A1 size with proper presentation techniques with complete information and details.

STAGE IV: AREA REQUIREMENT FORMULATION:

Finalizing with the areas required for following land uses: Residential Area Commercial area Community facilities Circulation Parks and open spaces Parking space

Submission will be in form of well composed A3 sheets in a tabular form.

STAGE V: CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT:

The drawings shall consist of concept with site plan, all plans & sections. Area analysis showing Plot Area, Covered Area, ground Coverage & Achieved FAR is to be given on the site plan.

Block model is required. Submission will be in form of well composed drawing sheets covering main aspects as mentioned above. Supporting information/ data may be supplemented on Computer sheets if necessary. STAGE VI: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: This stage will have detail design of the projects, which will comprise the following drawings in suitable scale:-

Site plan Building plans of all the building units and all floors. Furniture layout of typical areas. Elevations and sections of all building units. Detail of low cost techniques / materials implied. Design & details of any one community facility.

STAGE VII: PRE FINAL SUBMISSION: This stage will have detail design of the projects, which will comprise the following drawings in suitable scale:-

Site plan Building plans of all the building units and all floors. Furniture layout of typical areas. Elevations and sections of all building units. Study model Perspective/view of interior Detail of low cost techniques / materials implied. Design & details of any one community facility. Perspective view of community facility.

STAGE VIII : DRAWINGS & MODEL:

Computer generated presentation drawings as indicated in stage VI. Finished model of the complete site. A brief report (10 15 A4 pages) on your design scheme including all the major aspects. Walk through (optional)