design elements of the nama programme: “waste-to-. escap presentation jo… · joão aleluia...
TRANSCRIPT
João Aleluia
Project Coordinator
Environment and Development Division
Hanoi, Viet Nam, 9 June 2016
Design Elements of the NAMA Programme: “Waste-to-
Resources for Cities in Viet Nam”
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The concept of NAMA
“Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country
Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and
enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a
measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”
Greenhouse gas emission reductions should be achieved alongside strong
sustainable development benefits
NAMAs should support a transformational change and a paradigm shift
NAMAs require strong national-level support
NAMAs should address clearly identified barriers
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Solid waste management in Viet Nam
Solid waste generation rates are increasing in Viet Nam, with waste
disposal being the common practice
Disposal of waste in landfill sites and
open dumps is the current practice
Solid waste collection rates are 83-85%
of total generation
Informal sector active along the waste
management value chain
Biodegradable organics are typically not
recovered, leading to the emission of
greenhouse gases
Source: “Waste-to-Resource” NAMA Design Study
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Policy framework
The policy framework on solid waste management and climate change is
supportive of waste recovery approaches and the principles of Reducing,
Reusing and Recycling (3R)
National Strategy for Integrated Management of Solid Waste up to 2025 and Vision
towards 2050 (2009)
By 2050, all types of waste are to be collected, reused, recycled and treated
100% waste collection rates in urban areas by 2025, with 90% of collected waste to be treated in
an environmental friendly manner by 2025
National Climate Change Strategy (2011)
By 2020, 90% of the total volume of urban waste domestic waste should be collected and
treated, of which 85% it to be recycled and reused
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Viet Nam (2015)
Recognizes the need to develop enhanced waste management capacities and the
promotion of 3Rs
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Barrier analysis
Several barriers hinder the implementation of “waste-to-resource” initiatives in
Viet Nam
Lack of guidelines and regulations to stimulate and/or enforce the implementation of
national targets
Insufficient policy, regulatory and market incentives for stimulating investments in solid
waste management
Institutional arrangements for the climate change and waste sectors in Viet Nam are
complex, often unclear, and suffer from overlapping roles and responsibilities
Limited availability of funds to finance “waste-to-resource” initiatives at the local level
Lack of capacities, know-how and expertise along the development cycle of “waste-to-
resource” initiatives
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Aim of the NAMA
The Waste-to-Resource NAMA aims to…
Support Viet Nam in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the solid waste
sector through the implementation of waste management approaches that are in
line with the principles of Reducing, Reusing, Recycling (3R) and the recovery
of resources from waste, while at the same time contributing to sustainable
development in Viet Nam.
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Key measures to address identified barriers
The NAMA will address the barriers hindering the solid waste sector of Viet Nam
through the establishment of a policy and institutional framework that will:
• Encourage cities to voluntarily propose their own targets for reusing, reducing
and recycling solid waste, based on those laid out on the National Strategy for
Integrated Management of Solid Waste up to 2025 and Vision towards 2050
• Establish a NAMA Management Board to operate as a “one-stop shop” and steering
committee for the activities under the NAMA
• Set up a dedicated financing vehicle to mobilize and channel funds from international
and national sources to the implementation of measures aligned with those endorsed
by the NAMA
• Create incentive schemes at national, provincial and city level that enable the
financial and economic viability of “waste-to-resource” initiatives
• Provide technical, operational and managerial support to officials and practitioners
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Scope of the NAMA
Eligible measures of the NAMA include the following:
Reduction of solid waste generated and implementation of waste segregation practices;
Diversion of waste streams from final disposal sites, with diverted waste being treated
through the following approaches:
Biological treatment of the organic component of waste (composting and anaerobic digestion)
Recovery, reuse and recycling of inorganic waste
Physical and pelletization methods such as the production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF)
Implementation of integrated and sustainable waste management approaches along the
waste management value chain in line with the principles of 3R, including “good practices”
identified in Viet Nam
Strategies and policies designed at city or provincial level for “zero waste” or a “carbon neutral
waste sector”.
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Good practices are supported by the NAMA
The NAMA will support the dissemination of good practices for solid waste
management in Viet Nam, one of them being the Integrated Resource Recovery
Center (IRRC) model, which has been piloted in the cities of Quy Nhon and Kon
Tum
Composting boxes of
IRRC in Quy Nhon
Composting bags of IRRC
in Kon Tum
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Top-down and bottom-up approach
The NAMA was conceptualized as an articulation of both “top-down” and “bottom-
up” measures….
Establishment of a NAMA Management Board to act as a “one-stop shop” for the NAMA (DSTE,
MoC)
Establishment of a dedicated financial vehicle to fund activities of the NAMA (VEPF, MoNRE)
Climate change core expertise and assistance to be provided by national level entities
Cities and provinces voluntarily take part on the NAMA and propose to come up with their own
targets on 3R based on national plans and strategies
Implementation of activities at sub-national level, which are subsequently subject to Monitoring,
Reporting and Verification (MRV)
Waste-to-Resource
NAMA
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Project Development Process
The NAMA programme will be developed along the following main steps:
NAMA is
endorsed/approved
at national level
Establishment of NAMA
Management Board and
capacity building
City and provincial
government authorities
are informed about the
NAMA
Cities agreeing to
join the NAMA
submit detailed plan
Plan is evaluated by
NAMA Management
Board
Activities eligible as
part of the NAMA
are communicated
to cities
Eligible activities
are implemented
and subject to MRV
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2 3
4 5 6 7
Institutional arrangements
MoNRE MoC MARD MoIT
DMHCC DSTE VEA VEPF
NAMA Facility Green Climate
Fund
Development
Banks
Other
international
donors
Provincial
Governments
Municipal
Governments
Project Developers
URENCOs
National Level
Sub-national Level
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NAMA Financing Options
The full implementation of the measures proposed under the NAMA are
estimated to require an average minimum investment of 2.4 trillion VND per year
Waste-to-Resource NAMA
Unilateral
(Domestic)
Supported
(International)
National
government
Sources of Funding
Provincial
and city
governments
Private
Sector Banks
Private
Sector (FDI)
Climate
financing
60-80% 20-40%
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Greenhouse gas emission reductions
The full implementation of the NAMA could reduce GHG emissions from the
solid waste sector in 71% by 2030 in relation to a business-as-usual scenario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
CO
2e
q (
mill
ion
to
ns)
Year
PE y ER comp,y ER paper recycling,y ER RDF,y ER AD,y
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Sustainable development benefits
Economic benefits
Reduced costs with landfilling
Extended landfill life
Reduced subsidies on chemical
fertiliser
Improved crop yield
Social benefits
Improved living conditions
Better job opportunities
Reduced disease spread
Better environmental awareness
Environmental benefits
Reduced soil and water pollution
Reduced GHG emissions
Improved soil quality
Production of low-carbon fuel(s)
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Relevance to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
The “Waste-to-Resource” NAMA can support Viet Nam achieving some of its
Sustainable Development Goals…
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Next steps
Obtain national endorsement and
support for the NAMA
Formal approval of the NAMA
Identify cities that could pilot the
NAMA
Seek international support for
piloting and full implementation
Further elaborate on some of the
NAMA elements
NAMA Design Piloting and testing NAMA up-scaling
1 2 3
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Issues for discussion
Thoughts and considerations from workshop participants on NAMA design
elements
Process for national level endorsement and approval of the NAMA
programme
Next steps, including the interest of cities in piloting the programme
Thank you for the attention!
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http://www.unescap.org/our-work/environment-development/urban-development